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Webis-Bias-Flipper-18

The Webis Bias Flipper 2018 (Webis-Bias-Flipper-2018) comprises 2781 events from allsides.com as of June 1st, 2012 till February 10, 2018. For each event, the title, the summary, all news portals belonging to the event, and the links to the news portals with respective bias were recorded. After that, we crawled the news portals with the given links to retrieve their headlines and the content of all articles, because the content is not provided on allsides.com. For each event we collected the corresponding news articles. A total of 6458 news articles are collected.

FIG. 5 in Variations on a bauplan: description of a new Malagasy "mermaid skink" with flipper-like forelimbs only (Scincidae, Sirenoscincus Sakata & Hikida, 2003)

FIG. 5. — Computed tomographic reconstruction of the skull of the holotype specimen Sirenoscincus mobydick n. sp. (UADBA R70487) with the sclerotic rings coloured in green, in lateral (A) and dorsal (C) views. B represents the ossicles in the sclerotic ring, redrawn from A.

FIG. 6. — A, B in Variations on a bauplan: description of a new Malagasy "mermaid skink" with flipper-like forelimbs only (Scincidae, Sirenoscincus Sakata & Hikida, 2003)

FIG. 6. — A, B, drawings of the lateral and dorsal views of the holotype of Sirenoscincus yamagishii Sakata & Hikida, 2003 (holotype specimen KUZ R50922); C, D, the only northern species of Voeltzkowia Boettger, 1893, V. mira Boettger, 1893 (ZSM 867/0); E, F, one member of the southern group, V. lineata (Mocquard, 1901) (ZSM 1624/2010 = ZCMV 12845). A and B have been redrawn after Sakata & Hikida (2003a). E is symmetrically reversed, thus representing the right side. Scale bars: 1 mm (not shown for A and B because not indicated in the original figure).

FIG. 2 in Variations on a bauplan: description of a new Malagasy "mermaid skink" with flipper-like forelimbs only (Scincidae, Sirenoscincus Sakata & Hikida, 2003)

FIG. 2. — Drawings of the holotype of Sirenoscincus mobydick n. sp. (UADBA R70487): A-C, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of the head; D, close-up of the arm (picture symmetrically reversed, thus representing the right forelimb). The colouration in life has been presently inferred from both the preserved specimen and the supposedly identical living colouration of S.yamagishii. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 1 in Variations on a bauplan: description of a new Malagasy "mermaid skink" with flipper-like forelimbs only (Scincidae, Sirenoscincus Sakata & Hikida, 2003)

FIG. 1. — Sirenoscincus Sakata & Hikida, 2003: A-D, S. mobydick n. sp., preserved holotype UADBA R70487, lateral view of the entire specimen (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views of the anterior body part, showing highly reduced flipper-like forelimbs, and close-up of the forelimb (D); the constriction of the body posterior to the forelimbs is an artefact of the fastening of the collection label; E-G, living specimen of S. yamagishii Sakata & Hikida, 2003 from Ankarafantsika, Madagascar, lateral view of the anterior body part (E), dorsolateral view of the entire specimen (F), and close-up of the right forelimb with four claws (G). Scale bars: 1 mm (not shown for S. yamagishii because unavailable). (Photographs E-G: Falk S. Eckhardt.)

FIG. 4 in Variations on a bauplan: description of a new Malagasy "mermaid skink" with flipper-like forelimbs only (Scincidae, Sirenoscincus Sakata & Hikida, 2003)

FIG. 4. — Computed tomographic reconstruction of the pectoral girdle and forelimbs of the holotype specimen of Sirenoscincus mobydick n. sp. (UADBA R70487) in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views; pectoral girdle in lateral (C) and dorsal (D) views. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 3 in Variations on a bauplan: description of a new Malagasy "mermaid skink" with flipper-like forelimbs only (Scincidae, Sirenoscincus Sakata & Hikida, 2003)

FIG. 3. — Computed tomographic reconstruction of the anterior body part of the holotype specimen of Sirenoscincus mobydick n. sp. (UADBA R70487) in dorsal (A, C) and lateral views (B, D). The osteodermic "chain mail" is represented in red in A and B, and digitally removed from C and D. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 7 in Variations on a bauplan: description of a new Malagasy "mermaid skink" with flipper-like forelimbs only (Scincidae, Sirenoscincus Sakata & Hikida, 2003)

FIG. 7. — Illustration from an early edition of Moby-Dick. Public domain picture drawn by A. Burnham Shute (1892).

Figure 4 in The trouble with flippers: a report on the prevalence of digital anomalies in Cetacea

Figure 4. Tracing (A) and radiograph (B) of the right flipper of a grey whale (Eschrichtius robustus, LACM 54543). An additional digit lies between digits IV and V, and is represented by a single rounded metacarpal and three phalanges. The dotted line indicates the extent of cartilage shared between digit IV and the anomalous digit. Tracing (C) and radiograph (D) of the flipper of a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus, USNM 550116). Three additional phalanges are embedded in the connective tissue between digits IV and V. Scale bars: 1 cm. Key: metacarpals, dark grey; phalanges, light grey; cartilages, white; anomalous elements, black.

Figure 2 in The trouble with flippers: a report on the prevalence of digital anomalies in Cetacea

Figure 2. Illustrations of digital anomalies. A, the typical mammalian manus with five digits and a phalangeal formula of 2/3/3/3/3. B, hyperphalangy. C, polydactyly. D, polyphalangy. E, interdigital elements. Key: metacarpals (mc), dark grey; phalanges (ph), light grey; anomalous elements, black.

Figure 3 in The trouble with flippers: a report on the prevalence of digital anomalies in Cetacea

Figure 3. Published reports of cetacean digital malformations. A, cartilaginous interdigital elements in a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus; Kükenthal, 1893). B and C, polyphalangy and an accessory ossification in two harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena; Kunze, 1912). D, polydactyly in the vaquita (Phocoena sinus; Ortega-Ortiz et al., 2000). E, polyphalangy in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus; Watson et al., 1994). F, polyphalangy in the beluga (Delphinapterus leucas; Yablokov, 1974). Illustrations are not drawn to scale. Roman numerals identify digits. Key: metacarpals, dark grey; phalanges, light grey; cartilages, white; anomalous elements, black.

Figure 7 in The trouble with flippers: a report on the prevalence of digital anomalies in Cetacea

Figure 7. Patterns of cetacean digital anomalies, and the possible developmental mechanisms that could generate these morphologies. Key: metacarpals, dark grey; phalanges, light grey; cartilages, white; anomalous elements, black.

Figure 5 in The trouble with flippers: a report on the prevalence of digital anomalies in Cetacea

Figure 5. Phalangeal fusion in tracing (A) and radiograph (B) of a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis, USNM 550041). C and D, accessory ossification in a dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima, USNM 550482). E and F, additional metacarpal ossification centre in an Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis, USNM 504736). G and H, metacarpal–phalangeal and interphalangeal fusion in Gervais' beaked whale (Mesoplodon europeus, USNM 504256). Scale bars: 1 cm. Key: metacarpals, dark grey; phalanges, light grey; cartilages, white; anomalous elements, black.

Figure 1 in The trouble with flippers: a report on the prevalence of digital anomalies in Cetacea

Figure 1. The evolution of digits among tetrapods. A, the early Devonian tetrapod Tiktaalik (Shubin et al., 2006) with radials. B, Acanthostega (Coates & Clack, 1990) was the first tetrapod with digits. C, a synapsid (Carroll, 1988) displayed the canonical pentadactylous tetrapod manus. D, the pendtadactylous archaeocete cetacean Rodhocetus displayed the primitive mammalian phalangeal formula of 2/3/3/3/3 (Gingerich et al., 2001). Roman numerals indicate digit identity. Dark-grey elements are metacarpals, light-gray elements are phalanges. Radials (r) and lepitotrichia (le). Scale bars: 1 cm.