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58 results for “flora of China”
Text-fig. 6. Stratigraphic and phylogenetic placement inferred for fossil Fraxinus fruits. Only Fraxinus fossil fruits identified on the section level are included. The black color represents selected fossil fruits from published literature (excluding some Eocene North American occurrences not assigned to section), the red color represents the fossil fruits from the Lühe flora, Yunnan, Southwest China. The phylogenetic relationships are based on Hinsinger et al. (2013). in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) Fruits From The Early Oligocene Of Southwest China And Their Biogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 6. Stratigraphic and phylogenetic placement inferred for fossil Fraxinus fruits. Only Fraxinus fossil fruits identified on the section level are included. The black color represents selected fossil fruits from published literature (excluding some Eocene North American occurrences not assigned to section), the red color represents the fossil fruits from the Lühe flora, Yunnan, Southwest China. The phylogenetic relationships are based on Hinsinger et al. (2013).
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021). in Floristic, Vegetation And Climate Assessment Of The Early/Middle Miocene Parschlug Flora Indicates A Distinctly Seasonal Climate
Text-fig. 1. Modern vegetation proxies as delivered by the Drudge 1 and 2 tools for Parschlug. Left column results from KovarEder et al. (2021) based on the floristic spectrum published by Kovar-Eder et al. (2004). The other three columns result from three variants using the enlarged floristic spectrum herein. Differences between variants 1–3 from this study are caused by differences in assignment of some taxa and morphotypes (see Appendix 1). European vegetation formations: Formation C – Subarctic, boreal and nemoral-montane open woodlands as well as subalpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation; Formation D – Mesophytic and hygromesophytic coniferous and mixed broad-leaved-coniferous forests; Formation F – Mesophytic broadleaved deciduous and mixed broadleaved/conifer forests; Formation G – Thermophilous mixed deciduous broadleaved forests; Formation J – Mediterranean sclerophyllous forests and scrub; Formation K – Xerophytic coniferous forests, coniferous woodland and scrub. East Asian vegetation types: MCF China, Japan – Montane Coniferous Forests China, Honshu, Yakushima; BLDF N and NE Provinces, China – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forests of the Northern and Northeastern Provinces (China); BLDF Upper Yangtze, Honshu – Broad-leaved Deciduous Forest, Upper Yangtze Provinces, Mt. Emei, and Honshu; MMF China – Mixed Mesophytic Forest, Lower Yangtze Provinces; BLEF China, Japan – Broad-leaved Evergreen Forests, China, Japan; Meili Snow Mt. high altitude SCL and BLF, China – Meili Snow Mt., Sclerophyllous and broad-leaved forest zone (2,580-3,650 m alt.). (Designations of European vegetation formations follow Bohn et al. (2004) and Asian ones follow Kovar-Eder et al. (2021).
Text-fig. 5. Vegetation zones in P. R. China (Editorial Committee of Vegetation Map of China, The Chinese Academy of Sciences 2007), and assumed location of extant reference vegetation type of Wiesa fossil assemblage (rectangle), as revealed from qualitative floristic analysis. Extant reference vegetation type present in southern belt of zone of subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, with minor overlap into zone of tropical forest. in Assessment Of Phytogeographic Reference Regions For Cenozoic Vegetation: A Case Study On The Miocene Flora Of Wiesa (Germany)
Text-fig. 5. Vegetation zones in P. R. China (Editorial Committee of Vegetation Map of China, The Chinese Academy of Sciences 2007), and assumed location of extant reference vegetation type of Wiesa fossil assemblage (rectangle), as revealed from qualitative floristic analysis. Extant reference vegetation type present in southern belt of zone of subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, with minor overlap into zone of tropical forest.
Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7). in Assessment Of Phytogeographic Reference Regions For Cenozoic Vegetation: A Case Study On The Miocene Flora Of Wiesa (Germany)
Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7).
FIGURE 1. Fossil locations and fossil ages. A in Leaf trait data of two Miocene floras from eastern China and its palaeoclimate implications
FIGURE 1. Fossil locations and fossil ages. A, yellow points indicate the locations of fossil floras. The numbered red lines indicate the regional vegetation of southeastern China (background picture by GeoMapApp: geomapapp.org; the vegetation division after Zhang et al., 2007): 1, tropical rainforest and humid rainforest; 2, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest; 3, warm temperate deciduous oak forest; B, fossil ages of the Toupi flora (17 – 14 Ma) and Shengxian flora (10.5 ± 0.5 Ma).
FIGURE 2. Example for a in Leaf trait data of two Miocene floras from eastern China and its palaeoclimate implications
FIGURE 2. Example for a replenished fossil leaf. The yellow line is the outline of the original fossil. The blue line is the outline of replenished leaf (the leaf reconstruction was visually based on taxon specific gross morphology, Toumoulin et al., 2020). The petiole width was determined at the region of the insertion point (Traiser et al., 2018); Scale bar equals 1 cm.
Text-fig. 4. Dendrogram (Ward's method, squared Euclidean distance) showing the relationship between the studied fossil vegetation assemblages of Hrádek/N. (48), Wackersdorf (49), Berzdorf and Wiesa (50) and the Mydlovary Fm. (51) and the studied modern vegetation units from SE China and Japan (Teodoridis et al. 2011a, 2012, Appendix – this volume). in A Review Of The Early Miocene Mastixioid Flora Of The Kristina Mine At Hrádek Nad Nisou In North Bohemia (The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 4. Dendrogram (Ward's method, squared Euclidean distance) showing the relationship between the studied fossil vegetation assemblages of Hrádek/N. (48), Wackersdorf (49), Berzdorf and Wiesa (50) and the Mydlovary Fm. (51) and the studied modern vegetation units from SE China and Japan (Teodoridis et al. 2011a, 2012, Appendix – this volume).
Code for: Landform and lithospheric development contribute the assembly of mountain floras in China
<p>Although it is well documented that mountains tend to exhibit high biodiversity, how geological processes affect the assemblage of montane floras is a matter of ongoing research. Here, we explore landform-specific differences among montane floras based on a dataset comprising 17,576 angiosperm species representing 140 Chinese mountain floras, which we define as the collection of all angiosperm species growing on a specific mountain. Our results show that igneous bedrock (granitic and karst-granitic landforms) is correlated with higher species richness and phylogenetic overdispersion, while the opposite is true for sedimentary bedrock (karst, Danxia, and desert landforms), which is correlated with phylogenetic clustering. Furthermore, we show that landform type was the primary determinant of the assembly of evolutionarily older species within floras, while climate was a greater determinant for younger species. Our study indicates that landform type not only affects montane species richness, but also contributes to the composition of montane floras. To explain the assembly and differentiation of mountain floras, we propose the 'floristic geo-lithology hypothesis', which highlights the role of bedrock and landform processes in montane floristic assembly and provides insights for future research on speciation, migration, and biodiversity in montane regions.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Leaf trait data of two Miocene floras from eastern China and its palaeoclimate implications
FIGURE 3. Distribution of the leaf size classes in the Toupi flora and Shengxian flora.
Code for: Landform and lithospheric development contribute the assembly of mountain floras in China
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE. Pueraria bella Prain A. Flowering branch. B. Stem. C in Legume additions to the flora of China
FIGURE. Pueraria bella Prain A. Flowering branch. B. Stem. C. (a) Flower; (b) Adaxial surface of a standard; (c) Abaxial surface of a standard; (d) Wings; (e) Keels; (f) Pistil; (g) Stamens; (h) Calyx; (i) Unmature pod; (j) Bracteoles. Photographs by Zhu-Qiu Song. Scale bar = 1 cm.
FIGURE. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear. A. Holotype of M. pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear (R. Wight 750, K000797547, © Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). B. Isotype of M. pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear (R. Wight 750, E00174529, © Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh). C. Holotype of M. incurvata Wilmot-Dear & R. Sa (C. W. Wang 79571, PE00414137, © Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences). D. Isotype of M. incurvata Wilmot-Dear & R. Sa (C. W. Wang 79571, A00195002, © Harvard University). E. S. Mokim s. n. (L4306572) from Kachin Hills, Myanmar [Upper Burma], © Naturalis Biodiversity Center. F. China-Vietnam Joint Exped. 1441 (PE00416831) from Vietnam, © Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. G. X. X. Guo 1401 (CSH0142751) from Jinghong, Yunnan, China, © Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium. H. K. W. Jiang SSPN13 (CSH0160977) from Mengla, Yunnan, China, © Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium. I. K. M. Feng 5399 (KUN0618388) from Hekou, Yunnan, China, © Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS. in Legume additions to the flora of China
FIGURE. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear. A. Holotype of M. pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear (R. Wight 750, K000797547, © Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). B. Isotype of M. pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear (R. Wight 750, E00174529, © Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh). C. Holotype of M. incurvata Wilmot-Dear & R. Sa (C. W. Wang 79571, PE00414137, © Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences). D. Isotype of M. incurvata Wilmot-Dear & R. Sa (C. W. Wang 79571, A00195002, © Harvard University). E. S. Mokim s. n. (L4306572) from Kachin Hills, Myanmar [Upper Burma], © Naturalis Biodiversity Center. F. China-Vietnam Joint Exped. 1441 (PE00416831) from Vietnam, © Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. G. X. X. Guo 1401 (CSH0142751) from Jinghong, Yunnan, China, © Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium. H. K. W. Jiang SSPN13 (CSH0160977) from Mengla, Yunnan, China, © Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium. I. K. M. Feng 5399 (KUN0618388) from Hekou, Yunnan, China, © Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS.
FIGURE. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear. A. Flowering branch. B. Fruiting branch. C. Inflorescence. D. infructescence. A & B by Bing Liu, C & D by Ren-Bin Zhu. in Legume additions to the flora of China
FIGURE. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. hirsuta (Wight & Arn.) Wilmot-Dear. A. Flowering branch. B. Fruiting branch. C. Inflorescence. D. infructescence. A & B by Bing Liu, C & D by Ren-Bin Zhu.
FIGURE. Flemingia yunnanensis Franch. A. Cauline inflorescences. B. Axillary inflorescences. C. Leaf. D in Legume additions to the flora of China
FIGURE. Flemingia yunnanensis Franch. A. Cauline inflorescences. B. Axillary inflorescences. C. Leaf. D. (a) Flower; (b) Calyx; (c) Standard; (d) Wings; (e) Keels; (f) Stamens; (g) Pistil; (h) Inflorescences; (i) Bracts. Photographs by Bo Pan.
FIGURE. Flemingia vestita Benth. ex Baker A & B from B. Liu 550 (two sheets in HITBC), showing the persistent stipels of leaves. C. Pod enclosed by calyx. D. Pod. E. Seed. A & B by Bo Pan, C, D & E by Kai-Wen Jiang from B. Pan s. n. (NPH), a seed specimen collected from Yunnan, China. in Legume additions to the flora of China
FIGURE. Flemingia vestita Benth. ex Baker A & B from B. Liu 550 (two sheets in HITBC), showing the persistent stipels of leaves. C. Pod enclosed by calyx. D. Pod. E. Seed. A & B by Bo Pan, C, D & E by Kai-Wen Jiang from B. Pan s. n. (NPH), a seed specimen collected from Yunnan, China.
FIGURE. Flemingia vestita Benth. ex Baker A & B. Habit. C. Abaxial surface of leaflets. D. Tuberous roots. E. Flowers. A, D & E by Hu-Biao Yang; B & C by Bing Liu. in Legume additions to the flora of China
FIGURE. Flemingia vestita Benth. ex Baker A & B. Habit. C. Abaxial surface of leaflets. D. Tuberous roots. E. Flowers. A, D & E by Hu-Biao Yang; B & C by Bing Liu.
FIGURE. Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC. A. Habit. B. Mature leaf. C. Young leaf. D. Abaxial surface of leaflets. E. Inflorescence. F. Loments. Photographs by Pan Li. in Legume additions to the flora of China
FIGURE. Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC. A. Habit. B. Mature leaf. C. Young leaf. D. Abaxial surface of leaflets. E. Inflorescence. F. Loments. Photographs by Pan Li.
FIGURE 1 in Hegnera obcordata (Fabaceae: Desmodieae), a newly recorded genus and species for the flora of China
FIGURE 1. Hegnera obcordata (Miq.) Schindl. A. Habit; B. Branch, showing the adaxial surfaces of leaves; C. Branch, showing the abaxial surfaces of leaves; D. Inflorescence; E. Article and seeds; F. Infrutescence. A–E by Yan-Xiong Gong from Y. X. Gong et al. G963, F by Kai-Wen Jiang from K. Chiang & H. F. Cen KC1270. Scale bar = 1 cm.
FIGURE 1 in Lilium saccatum: A new synonym of L. souliei (Liliaceae) for Flora of China
FIGURE 1. Images of type specimens of Lilium souliei (Franchet) Sealy (A) and L. saccatum S.Y. Liang (B). The right side shows each enlarged part of flora (highlighted in the black box on the types) which demonstrated both species have a basally saccate teples (indicated by the arrow).
FIGURE 1 in Excluding Miliusa velutina (Annonaceae) from Flora of China
FIGURE 1. Specimens of Miliusa species. A. M. bannaensis, Hua Zhu & Hong Wang 2125 (HITBC); B. M. thorelii, Thorel 3301(P); C. M. velutina, A. F. G. Kerr 1078 (TCD); D. M. cuneata, Jian-Hou Zhang 13686 (HITBC).
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