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60 results for “floral scents”
Geographical variation of floral scents in generalist entomophilous species with variable pollinator communities
<p>This is the dataset used for the article: "<strong>Geographical variation of floral scents in generalist entomophilous species with variable pollinator communities</strong>" by de Manincor N. et al., 2021 published in Functional Ecology (https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13984)</p> <p>In this study we investigated the floral scent (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs) variation of four perennial plant species, with generalist pollination, in two different environments: under natural condition (field) and controlled condition (greenhouse). The focal plant species are: <em>Anthyllis vulneraria</em> (AV), <em>Globularia vulgaris</em> (GV), <em>Pilosella officinarum</em> (PO) and <em>Ranunculus bulbosus</em> (RB).</p> <p>The dataset is composed by different files that have been used to investigate (1) variation of VOCs under natural condition (files "<strong>field</strong>"), (2) variation of VOCs under controlled condition (files "<strong>greenhouse</strong>"), (3) the effect of the reared condition and the role of phenotypic plasticity (field vs greenhouse, files "<strong>FvsGH</strong>") and (4) variation of the pollinator community associated with the four focal species (files "<strong>poll_</strong>" and (5) whether changes in floral scents in the field were associated to some variation in the pollinator communities (at the species level, using an RDA analysis, files "<strong>Pollinators-2017</strong>", "<strong>VOC-2017</strong>").</p> <p>We also provided two scripts: the script with an example to calculate VOCs variation, and the script for the RDA analysis.</p>
Long-term experimental drought alters floral scent and pollinator visits in a Mediterranean plant community despite overall limited impacts on plant phenotype and reproduction
<p>Pollinators are declining globally, with climate change implicated as an important driver. Climate change can induce phenological shifts and reduce floral resources for pollinators, but little is known about its effects on floral attractiveness and how this might cascade to affect pollinators, pollination functions and plant fitness. We used an in situ long-term drought experiment to investigate multiple impacts of reduced precipitation in a natural Mediterranean shrubland, a habitat where climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts. Focusing on three insect-pollinated plant species that provide abundant rewards and support a diversity of pollinators (<em>Cistus</em> <em>albidus</em>, <em>Salvia</em> <em>rosmarinus</em> and <em>Thymus</em> <em>vulgaris</em>), we investigated the effects of drought on a suite of floral traits including nectar production and floral scent. We also measured the impact of reduced rainfall on pollinator visits, fruit set and germination in <em>S</em>. <em>rosmarinus</em> and <em>C</em>. <em>albidus</em>. Drought altered floral emissions of all three plant species qualitatively, and reduced nectar production in <em>T</em>. <em>vulgaris</em> only. <em>Apis</em> <em>mellifera</em> and <em>Bombus</em> gr. <em>terrestris</em> visited more flowers in control plots than drought plots, while small wild bees visited more flowers in drought plots than control plots. Pollinator species richness did not differ significantly between treatments. Fruit set and seed set in <em>S. rosmarinus</em> and <em>C. albidus </em>did not differ significantly between control and drought plots, but seeds from drought plots had slower germination for <em>S. rosmarinus</em> and marginally lower germination success in <em>C. albidus</em>.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. Overall, we found limited but consistent impacts of a moderate experimental drought on floral phenotype, plant reproduction and pollinator visits. Increased aridity under climate change is predicted to be stronger than the level assessed in the present study. Drought impacts will likely be stronger and this could profoundly affect the structure and functioning of plant-pollinator networks in Mediterranean ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Floral scents of a deceptive plant are hyperdiverse and under population-specific phenotypic selection
<p>Floral scent is a key mediator in plant–pollinator interactions; however, little is known to what extent intraspecific scent variation is shaped by phenotypic selection, with no information yet in deceptive plants. We recorded 289 scent compounds in deceptive moth fly-pollinated <i>Arum maculatum </i>from various populations north vs. south of the Alps, the highest number so far reported in a single plant species. Scent and fruit set differed between regions, and some, but not all differences in scent could be explained by differential phenotypic selection in northern vs. southern populations. Our study is the first to provide evidence that phenotypic selection is involved in shaping geographic patterns of floral scent in deceptive plants. The hyperdiverse scent of <i>A. maculatum</i> might result from the plant's imitation of various brood substrates of its pollinators.</p>
Long-term experimental drought alters floral scent and pollinator visits in a Mediterranean plant community despite overall limited impacts on plant phenotype and reproduction
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Data from: Floral scents of a deceptive plant are hyperdiverse and under population-specific phenotypic selection
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Olfaction in the Anthropocene: NO3 negatively impacts floral scent and nocturnal pollination
<p>There is growing concern about sensory pollutants impacting ecological communities. Anthropogenically enhanced oxidants (O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub>) rapidly degrade floral scents, potentially reducing pollinator attraction to flowers. However, the physiological and behavioral impacts on pollinators and plant fitness are unknown. Using a nocturnal flower-moth system, we find that atmospheric concentrations of NO<sub>3</sub>, but not O<sub>3</sub>, eliminate flower visitation by moths, and it is the reaction of NO<sub>3</sub> to a subset of monoterpenes that reduces the scent's attractiveness. Global atmospheric models of floral scent oxidation reveal that pollinators in certain urban areas may have a reduced ability to perceive and navigate to flowers. These results illustrate the impact of anthropogenic pollutants on an animal's olfactory ability and indicate that such pollutants may be critical regulators of global pollination.</p>
Data from: The heat is on: reduced detection of floral scents after heat waves in bumblebees
<p>Global climate change disrupts key ecological processes and biotic interactions. The recent increase in heat wave frequency and severity prompts the evaluation of physiological processes that ensure the maintenance of vital ecosystem services such as pollination. We use experimental heat waves to determine how high temperatures affect the bumblebees' ability to detect floral scents. Heat waves induced strong reductions in antennal responses to floral scents in both tested bumblebee species (<em>Bombus terrestris and Bombus pascuorum</em>). These reductions were generally stronger in workers than in males. Bumblebees showed no consistent pattern of recovery 24 hours after heat events. Our results suggest that the projected increased frequency and severity of heat waves may jeopardize bumblebee-mediated pollination services by disrupting the chemical communication between plants and pollinators. The reduced chemosensitivity can decrease the bumblebees' abilities to locate food sources and lead to declines in colonies and populations.</p>
Data from: Macroevolution of floral scent chemistry across radiations of male euglossine bee-pollinated plants
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Data from: Direct effects of polyploidization on floral scent
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Data from: Generalist-pollinated <em>Arabis alpina</em> exhibits floral scent variation at multiple scales
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Data from: The heat is on: reduced detection of floral scents after heat waves in bumblebees
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Olfaction in the Anthropocene: NO3 negatively impacts floral scent and nocturnal pollination
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Data from: Phenotypic plasticity in floral scent in response to nutrient, but not water, availability in the perennial plant Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae)
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Temporal variation in floral scent emission of a woody plant and flower visiting behaviour of male and female flies
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Floral scent dynamics of Schiedea kaalae and Schiedea hookeri
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Data from: Floral trait differentiation in Anacamptis coriophora: phenotypic selection on scents, but not on colour
<p>Current divergent selection may promote floral trait differentiation among conspecific populations in flowering plants. However, whether this applies to complex traits such as colour or scents has been little studied, even though these traits often vary within species. In this study, we compared floral colour and odour as well as selective pressures imposed upon these traits among seven populations belonging to three subspecies of the widespread, generalist orchid <i>Anacamptis coriophora</i>. Colour was characterised using calibrated photographs and scents were sampled using dynamic headspace extraction and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We then quantified phenotypic selection exerted on these traits by regressing fruit set values on floral trait values. We showed that the three studied subspecies were characterised by different floral colour and odour, with one of the two predominant floral volatiles emitted by each subspecies being taxon-specific. Plant size was positively correlated with fruit set in most populations, while we found no apparent link between floral colour and female reproductive success. We detected positive selection on several taxon-specific compounds in <i>A. coriophora</i> subsp. <i>fragrans</i>, whereas no selection was found on floral volatiles of <i>A. coriophora</i> subsp. <i>coriophora</i> and <i>A. coriophora</i> subsp. <i>martrinii</i>. This study is one of the first to document variation in phenotypic selection exerted on floral scents among conspecific populations. Our results suggest that selection could contribute to ongoing chemical divergence among <i>A. coriophora</i> subspecies.</p>
Supporting Data for: Differential gene expression associated with a floral scent polymorphism in the evening primrose Oenothera harringtonii (Onagraceae)
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Plant volatiles play an important role in both plant-pollinator and plant-herbivore interactions. Intraspecific polymorphisms in volatile production are ubiquitous, but studies that explore underlying differential gene expression are rare. Oenothera harringtonii populations are polymorphic in floral emission of the monoterpene (R)-(-)-linalool; some plants emit (R)-(-)-linalool (linalool+ plants) while others do not (linalool- plants). However, the genes associated with differential production of this floral volatile in Oenothera are unknown. We used RNA-Seq to broadly characterize differential gene expression involved in (R)-(-)-linalool biosynthesis. To identify genes that may be associated with the polymorphism for this trait, we used RNA-Seq to compare gene expression in six different Oenothera harringtonii tissues from each of three linalool+ and linalool- plants.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Three clusters of differentially expressed genes were enriched for terpene synthase activity: two were characterized by tissue-specific upregulation and one by upregulation only in plants with flowers that produce (R)-(-)-linalool. A molecular phylogeny of all terpene synthases identified two putative (R)-(-)-linalool synthase transcripts in Oenothera harringtonii, a single allele of which is found exclusively in linalool+ plants.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> By using a naturally occurring polymorphism and comparing different tissues, we were able to identify genes putatively involved in the biosynthesis of (R)-(-)-linalool. Expression of these genes in linalool- plants suggests a regulatory polymorphism, rather than a population-specific loss-of-function allele. Additional terpene biosynthesis-related genes that are up-regulated in plants that emit (R)-(-)-linalool may be associated with herbivore defense, suggesting a potential economy of scale between plant reproduction and defense.</p>
Data from: A key floral scent component (β-trans-bergamotene) drives pollinator preferences independently of pollen rewards in seep monkeyflower
1) Floral odors play an important role in attracting insect pollinators. Because pollinators visit flowers to obtain pollen and nectar rewards, they should prefer floral odor profiles associated with the highest-rewarding flowers (honest signals). In previous work, bumble bees exhibited a preference for flowers from outbred over inbred Mimulus guttatus plants. Pollen is the only floral reward in M. guttatus, and pollen viability (a reliable indicator of protein content) is reduced in inbred plants. Yet, differences in pollen viability did not explain the observed preferences. 2) In this study we examined the floral volatile profiles of inbred and outbred M. guttatus to identify inbreeding effects and associations between volatile compounds and the number of viable pollen grains per flower, designated 'PRQ' (pollen reward quality). We also conducted pairwise choice tests with Bombus impatiens to evaluate the ability of bees to discriminate between odors of rewarding and nonrewarding flowers and to determine whether bumble bee preferences are explained by differences in the floral odors of inbred and outbred plants. 3) Inbred plants exhibited reduced emission of β-trans-bergamotene, the second-most abundant compound in the volatile blend of outbred plants. Furthermore, pollen and fertile anthers emitted nonadecane. Six other compounds in the floral blend were positively correlated with PRQ. There was no overlap between compounds affected by inbreeding and compounds associated with PRQ. 4) Even when given prior experience foraging on M. guttatus, bumble bees did not distinguish between the floral odors of rewarding and non-rewarding outbred plants. However, they preferred floral odors from non-rewarding outbred plants over rewarding inbred plants. Bumble bees without prior experience of flowers preferred volatile blends with higher versus lower amounts of β-trans-bergamotene. 5) Taken together, these results suggest that the volatile emissions of M. guttatus provide reliable indicators of pollen rewards (potential honest signals), but that the preference of bumble bees for outbred plants is not driven by these cues but rather by a sensory bias for β-trans-bergamotene. This may represent a subtle form of deceit-pollination that allows plants to attract pollinators while minimizing investment in costly rewards.
Fig. 3 in Nocturnal floral scent profiles of Myrtaceae fruit crops
Fig. 3. Relative amounts of monoterpenoids, and aliphatic and aromatic compounds in the scents of the studied species of Myrtaceae. N-containing and unknown compounds were not listed as they only occurred in trace amounts. * Data of C. phaea are from Cordeiro et al. (2017).
Fig. 2 in Nocturnal floral scent profiles of Myrtaceae fruit crops
Fig. 2. Number of compounds trapped for the studied species of Myrtaceae. Different letters indicate significant differences among species (Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA followed by post hoc tests). * Data of C. phaea are from Cordeiro et al. (2017).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.