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37 results for “flower color”
Data from: Ecological causes and consequences of flower color polymorphism in a self-pollinating plant (Boechera stricta)
Intraspecific variation in flower color is often attributed to pollinator-mediated selection, yet this mechanism cannot explain flower color polymorphisms in self-pollinating species. Indirect selection mediated via biotic and abiotic stresses could maintain flower color variation in these systems. The selfing forb, Boechera stricta, typically displays white flowers, but some individuals produce purple flowers. We quantified environmental correlates of flower color in natural populations. To disentangle plasticity from genotypic variation, we performed a multiyear field experiment in five gardens. In controlled conditions, we evaluated herbivore preferences and the effects of drought stress and soil pH on flower color expression. In natural populations, purple-flowered individuals experienced lower foliar herbivory than did their white-flowered counterparts. This pattern also held in the common gardens. Additionally, low-elevation environments induced pigmented flowers (plasticity), and the likelihood of floral pigmentation decreased with source elevation of maternal families (genetic cline). Viability selection favored families with pigmented flowers. In the laboratory, herbivores exerted greater damage on tissue derived from white- vs purple-flowered individuals. Furthermore, drought induced pigmentation in white-flowered lineages, and white-flowered plants had a fecundity advantage in the well-watered control. Flower color variation in selfing species is probably maintained by herbivory, drought stress, and other abiotic factors that vary spatially.
Flower color and flowering phenology mediate plant-pollinator interaction assembly in a diverse co-flowering community
<p>Uncovering the role of competition and facilitation in community assembly is central for developing a predictive understanding of the forces that organize biodiversity. Standard trait-based approaches however rely on detection of only one assembly mechanism (competition or facilitation) along a single trait even though pollinator-mediated plant-plant interactions can be structured along multiple phenotypic, phenological and ecological traits. We evaluated plant species distribution along multiple phenotypic and ecological traits (flower color, flowering time, pollinator sharing) and described an entire co-flowering community as a set of modules with unique patterns of assembly, to test predictions regarding the relative contribution of competition and facilitation to the assembly of a diverse co-flowering community. We show a modular pattern of flower color assembly. Flower color modules differ in their spectral reflectance patterns including color hue and saturation. Within modules, however, species are differentially assembled along phenological and ecological traits (pollinator sharing) depending on the main pollinator group visiting plant species within each module. Results suggest different trait assembly patterns within individual trait-modules in the same co-flowering community and that different trait-patterns can result from the same type of ecological interaction. This study reveals empirical evidence of community assembly along multiple axes of trait differentiation and raises caution when interpreting assembly patterns based on a single trait.</p>
EOL images, flower color study: Flower color study, EOL images
Wright C-M, Seltmann KC. Usage patterns of blue flower color representation by Encyclopedia of Life content providers. Biodiversity Data Journal 2014;(2):e1143. doi:10.3897/BDJ.2.e1143.
Flower color and flowering phenology mediate plant-pollinator interaction assembly in a diverse co-flowering community
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Soil and climate contribute to maintenance of a flower color polymorphism
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Data from: Every hue has its fan club: Diverse patterns of color-dependent flower visitation across Lepidoptera
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Data from: Ecological causes and consequences of flower color polymorphism in a self-pollinating plant (Boechera stricta)
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Data from: Flower clades and fruit clades: Trade-offs in color diversification across angiosperms
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Data from: Molecular evolution of anthocyanin pigmentation genes following losses of flower color
Background: Phenotypic transitions, such as trait gain or loss, are predicted to carry evolutionary consequences for the genes that control their development. For example, trait losses can result in molecular decay of the pathways underlying the trait. Focusing on the Iochrominae clade (Solanaceae), we examine how repeated losses of floral anthocyanin pigmentation associated with flower color transitions have affected the molecular evolution of three anthocyanin pathway genes (Chi, F3h, and Dfr). Results: We recovered intact coding regions for the three genes in all of the lineages that have lost floral pigmentation, suggesting that molecular decay is not associated with these flower color transitions. However, two of the three genes (Chi, F3h) show significantly elevated dN/dS ratios in lineages without floral pigmentation. Maximum likelihood analyses suggest that this increase is due to relaxed constraint on anthocyanin genes in the unpigmented lineages as opposed to positive selection. Despite the increase, the values for dN/dS in both pigmented and unpigmented lineages were consistent overall with purifying selection acting on these loci. Conclusions: The broad conservation of anthocyanin pathway genes across lineages with and without floral anthocyanins is consistent with the growing consensus that losses of pigmentation are largely achieved by changes in gene expression as opposed to structural mutations. Moreover, this conservation maintains the potential for regain of flower color, and indicates that evolutionary losses of floral pigmentation may be readily reversible.
Data from: The genetic basis of a rare flower color polymorphism in Mimulus lewisii provides insight to the evolutionary mutation spectrum
A long-standing question in evolutionary biology asks whether the genetic changes contributing to phenotypic evolution are predictable. Here, we identify a genetic change associated with segregating variation in flower color within a population of Mimulus lewisii. To determine whether these types of changes are predictable, we combined this information with data from other species to investigate whether the spectrum of mutations affecting flower color transitions differs based on the evolutionary time-scale since divergence. We used classic genetic techniques, along with gene expression and population genetic approaches, to identify the putative, loss-of-function mutation that generates rare, white flowers instead of the common, pink color in M. lewisii. We found that a frameshift mutation in an anthocyanin pathway gene is responsible for the white-flowered polymorphism found in this population of M. lewisii. Comparison of our results with data from other species reveals a broader spectrum of flower color mutations segregating within populations relative to those that fix between populations. These results suggest that the genetic basis of fixed differences in flower color may be predictable, but that for segregating variation is not.
Reduced fitness under abiotic stress in F1 hybrids of Antirrhinum majus subspecies with divergent flower colors
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FIGURE. In situ photos of Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense. A. limestone mountain at 1,100–1,200 m elevation, B. P. charlesworthii var. lannaense living on vertical cliffs of limestone, C. P. charlesworthii var. lannaense plant, D. flowering plant with flower bud, E., F. flowering plant (flower color was faded because these photos were taken toward the end of flowering period) (photo. By S. Somboonphon) in Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense, a new slipper orchid from Northern Thailand identified by morphological and AFLP analyses
FIGURE. In situ photos of Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense. A. limestone mountain at 1,100–1,200 m elevation, B. P. charlesworthii var. lannaense living on vertical cliffs of limestone, C. P. charlesworthii var. lannaense plant, D. flowering plant with flower bud, E., F. flowering plant (flower color was faded because these photos were taken toward the end of flowering period) (photo. By S. Somboonphon)
FIGURE. Drosera communis (a–d): a, habit with emerging inflorescence (Parque Nacional das Sempre-Vivas, MG); b, habit with emerging inflorescence; c, variation in flower color within a population (Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, GO); d, habit (Paranapiacaba, SP). Drosera esmeraldae (e, f): e, habit (Puerto Inirida, Guainía, Colombia); f, flower (Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela). Drosera graminifolia (g–i): g, habit; h, detail of the leaf bases and stipules; i, flower (Serra do Caraça, MG). Photo credits: a–d, g–i by PMG; e by FR; f by AF. in A synopsis of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae) in Brazil
FIGURE. Drosera communis (a–d): a, habit with emerging inflorescence (Parque Nacional das Sempre-Vivas, MG); b, habit with emerging inflorescence; c, variation in flower color within a population (Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, GO); d, habit (Paranapiacaba, SP). Drosera esmeraldae (e, f): e, habit (Puerto Inirida, Guainía, Colombia); f, flower (Gran Sabana, Bolívar, Venezuela). Drosera graminifolia (g–i): g, habit; h, detail of the leaf bases and stipules; i, flower (Serra do Caraça, MG). Photo credits: a–d, g–i by PMG; e by FR; f by AF.
FIGURE. Drosera hirtella (a–i): a, b, c, habit of the "type morphotype"; d, habit of the "western morphotype"; e, rosette of the "type morphotype"; f, emerging inflorescence, highlighting the red scape with red eglandular trichomes characteristic of the species; g, fertile individuals of D. hirtella (left plant, with inflorescence emerging to the bottom) and D. lutescens (right plant, with inflorescence emerging to the top left) growing under shaded conditions side by side, highlighting the morphological differences between the two species regarding leaf shape and scape and indumentum color; h, i, flower. a–c, f and h at Serra do Cipó, MG; d and h at Chapada dos Veadeiros, GO; e at Diamantina, MG; g at Cristalina, GO. Photo credits: all by PMG. in A synopsis of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae) in Brazil
FIGURE. Drosera hirtella (a–i): a, b, c, habit of the "type morphotype"; d, habit of the "western morphotype"; e, rosette of the "type morphotype"; f, emerging inflorescence, highlighting the red scape with red eglandular trichomes characteristic of the species; g, fertile individuals of D. hirtella (left plant, with inflorescence emerging to the bottom) and D. lutescens (right plant, with inflorescence emerging to the top left) growing under shaded conditions side by side, highlighting the morphological differences between the two species regarding leaf shape and scape and indumentum color; h, i, flower. a–c, f and h at Serra do Cipó, MG; d and h at Chapada dos Veadeiros, GO; e at Diamantina, MG; g at Cristalina, GO. Photo credits: all by PMG.
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).
Data from: Loss of color pigmentation is maintained at high frequency in a monkey flower population
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Data from: Molecular evolution of anthocyanin pigmentation genes following losses of flower color
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Data from: Flower signal variability overwhelms receptor-noise and requires plastic color learning in bees
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Data from: Molecular signatures of selection on reproductive character displacement of flower color in Phlox drummondii
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Data from: The genetic basis of a rare flower color polymorphism in Mimulus lewisii provides insight to the evolutionary mutation spectrum
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.