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44 results for “fluctuating asymmetry”
Fig. 4 in Fluctuating Asymmetry And Length-Weight Relationship Of The Three Populations Of Sardinella Lemuru (Clupeiformes, Dorosomatidae) From Surigao Del Norte, Philippines
Fig. 4. Principal components (PC) inferred deformation grid and histogram of individual (symmetry) in Surigao City, Surigao del Norte.
Fig. 2 in Fluctuating Asymmetry And Length-Weight Relationship Of The Three Populations Of Sardinella Lemuru (Clupeiformes, Dorosomatidae) From Surigao Del Norte, Philippines
Fig. 2. Principal components (PC) inferred deformation grid and histogram of individual (symmetry) in Malimono, Surigao del Norte.
Fig. 1 in Fluctuating Asymmetry And Length-Weight Relationship Of The Three Populations Of Sardinella Lemuru (Clupeiformes, Dorosomatidae) From Surigao Del Norte, Philippines
Fig. 1. The Philippine map showing the location of Caraga Region in Mindanao Island and the three sampling areas in the province of Surigao del Norte. Map credited to Engr. Medielyn M. Odtojan.
Fig. 3 in Fluctuating Asymmetry And Length-Weight Relationship Of The Three Populations Of Sardinella Lemuru (Clupeiformes, Dorosomatidae) From Surigao Del Norte, Philippines
Fig. 3. Principal components (PC) inferred deformation grid and histogram of individual (symmetry) in San Francisco, Surigao del Norte.
Fig. 1 in Constant fluctuating asymmetry but not directional asymmetry along the geographic distribution of Drosophila antonietae (Diptera, Drosophilidae)
Fig. 1. Locations of the sampled populations of Drosophila antonietae. Serrana (21◦ 14Ɩ S, 47◦ 34Ɩ W), Itirapina (22◦16Ɩ S, 47◦48Ɩ W), Guarapuava (25◦17Ɩ S, 51◦53Ɩ W), Cantagalo (25◦25Ɩ S, 52◦04Ɩ W), Santiago (29◦ 23Ɩ S, 54◦44Ɩ W).
Figure 4 in Using digital images in the study of fluctuating asymmetry in the spur-thighed tortoise Testudo graeca
Figure 4. The distribution of the differences between the average values for area (A), height (B), and width (C) for the left (LSP) and right (RSP) sides of the plastron relative to straight carapace length (SCL) and the corresponding average value in each SCL class (females n = 79, male n = 76).
Figure 5 in Using digital images in the study of fluctuating asymmetry in the spur-thighed tortoise Testudo graeca
Figure 5. The distribution of the differences between the average values for area (A), height (B), and width (C) for the left (LSP) and right (RSP) sides of the plastron relative to straight carapace length (SCL) and the corresponding average value in each CCL class (females n = 79, male n = 76).
Figure 4 in Limitations of allometry, morphometry, and fluctuating asymmetry in detecting environmental stress caused by lead soil contamination in aphids under field conditions
Figure 4 Fluctuating asymmetry (mean and error deviation) observed in the antenna and tibia of Brevicoryne brassicae in the presence (Lead (Pb)) and absence (Control) of lead.
Figure 3 in Limitations of allometry, morphometry, and fluctuating asymmetry in detecting environmental stress caused by lead soil contamination in aphids under field conditions
Figure 3 Negative allometry represented by the allometric coefficients of both the antenna and tibia and their confidence intervals; the values are related to the body length ofBrevicoryne brassicae in the presence (Lead (Pb)) and absence (Control) of lead.
Figure 1 in Limitations of allometry, morphometry, and fluctuating asymmetry in detecting environmental stress caused by lead soil contamination in aphids under field conditions
Figure 1 Brevicoryne brassicae placed in a dorsal-ventral position for structure measurement. (a): Total body length (b): antenomer length (c): length of the posterior tibia. Source: the authors.
Figure 2 in Limitations of allometry, morphometry, and fluctuating asymmetry in detecting environmental stress caused by lead soil contamination in aphids under field conditions
Figure 2 Mean length and standard error of the antenna, tibia and body length of Brevicoryne brassicae in the presence (Lead (Pb)) and absence (Control) of lead.
Figure 1 in Using of fluctuating asymmetry in adult Pelophylax ridibundus (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) meristic traits as a method for assessing developmental stability of population and environmental quality of their habitat: industrial area in southern Bulgaria
Figure 1. An indicative map of the sites in southern Bulgaria where P. ridibundus individuals were captured in 2019.
Figure 2 in Using of fluctuating asymmetry in adult Pelophylax ridibundus (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae) meristic traits as a method for assessing developmental stability of population and environmental quality of their habitat: industrial area in southern Bulgaria
Figure 2. Photos of some asymmetric P. ridibundus individuals from site 1: the Chaya River in southern Bulgaria. Legend: a–d: asymmetric morphological traits on the back of the body and hind limbs of frogs, e–f: asymmetric morphological traits on the fingers of frogs. Trait 1 – number of stripes on the dorsal side of the thigh (femur); trait 2 – number of spots on the dorsal side of the thigh; trait 3 – number of stripes on the dorsal side of the shank (crus); trait 4 – number of spots on the dorsal side of the shank; trait 5 – number of stripes on the foot (pes); trait 6 – number of spots on the foot; trait 7 – number of stripes and spots on the back (dorsum); trait 8 – number of white spots on the ventral side of the second finger of the hind leg; trait 9 – number of white spots on the ventral side of the third finger of the hind leg; trait 10 – number of white spots on the ventral side of the fourth finger of the hind leg.
Fluctuating asymmetry in Onthophagus brendelli (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
<b>Description: </b><p>Contains bilateral trait measurements for Onthophagus brendelli (Scarabaeidae) collected from historical sites of selective logging and old growth forest. Fluctuating asymmetry is measured as the signed difference between the right and left sides of a bilaterally symmetrical feature, such as antennae or legs.</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/128"><b>Tracking insect community responses to experimental habitat fragmentation</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=3975205">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: SAFE_data-upload_ktaylor.xlsx</p><p><b>SAFE_data-upload_ktaylor.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 1 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Bilateral trait data</b> (described in worksheet Traits)</p><p>Description: Data frame of trait measurements</p><p>Number of fields: 10</p><p>Number of data rows: 2214</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>date</b>: date measurements were collected from specimens (Field type: date)</li><li><b>block</b>: forest block where beetles caught (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>trap_N</b>: trap number where beetles caught (Field type: location)</li><li><b>id</b>: beetle ID number, as recorded on specimens and in other brendelli data (Field type: id)</li><li><b>rep</b>: repeated measurement of the same beetle (Field type: replicate)</li><li><b>sex</b>: best guess of individual sex based on protibia morphology (Ochi, Kon & Barclay, 2009) (Field type: categorical trait)</li><li><b>trait</b>: trait measured (Field type: categorical)</li><li><b>left</b>: measurement of left trait length (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>right</b>: measurement of right trait length (Field type: numeric trait)</li><li><b>fa</b>: signed difference of right length - left length (Field type: numeric trait)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2017-07-10 to 2017-09-05</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6693 to 4.7714</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.9474 to 117.7031</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div> -  Animalia <br> -  -  Arthropoda <br> -  -  -  Insecta <br> -  -  -  -  Coleoptera <br> -  -  -  -  -  Scarabaeidae <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus</i> <br> -  -  -  -  -  -  -  <i>Onthophagus brendelli</i> <br></div><p></p>
Leaf fluctuating asymmetry is not a reliable indicator of stress
<p>Stress experienced during development in organisms with bilateral structures could result in developmental instability, which is expressed as subtle non-directional deviations from perfect symmetry, known as fluctuating asymmetry (FA). As such, FA has been proposed, and extensively used, as a trait indicating stress for many organisms with bilateral structures and many types of stress. However, while this concept may apply to animals, the evidence for plants' main vegetative structures, i.e., leaves, remains equivocal, and a comprehensive synthesis on this topic is still missing.</p> <p>We designed observational field and controlled greenhouse studies, combining different growth and leaf forms across multiple stress gradients, comprising 21 species and 80 populations. We measured FA as the difference between the left and right area of the leaf, an approach that accommodates diverse leaf forms. We used high-precision, blind, single-person measurements and tested for other forms of symmetry and the effect of leaf size. We further complemented our study with a systematic literature review of FA in plant leaves, compiling 51 studies comprising 72 species, 23 stress types, and 131 unique entries (species × stress type). </p> <p>We consistently found no effect of stress on leaf FA in any of the studied species in both our field and experimental gradients. In the systematic literature review, only 39% of the unique entries showed the expected increase in FA with stress, 53% showed no effect, 9% showed an opposite trend of a decrease in FA with stress, and 1% showed an unimodal relationship. Importantly, only 40% of all entries fulfilled the crucial step of controlling for a high-precision measurement, and of these 49% reported the expected increase of FA with stress. </p> <p>Both the results of our observational and experimental approaches and the systematic literature review failed to support a clear relationship between stress and FA in plant leaves. These results clearly show that FA in plant leaves cannot be used as a reliable trait indicating stress during development.</p>
Leaf fluctuating asymmetry is not a reliable indicator of stress
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Data from: Experimental warming does not change fluctuating asymmetry in three willow species
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Data from: Fluctuating asymmetry in Menidia beryllina before and after the 2010 DeepWater Horizon oil spill
Assessing the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill with a dependable baseline comparison can provide reliable insight into environmental stressors on organisms that were potentially affected by the spill. Fluctuating asymmetry (small, non-random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry) is an informative metric sensitive to contaminants that can be used to assess environmental stress levels. For this study, the well-studied and common Gulf of Mexico estuarine fish, Menidia beryllina, was used with pre and post-oil spill collections. Comparisons of fluctuating asymmetry in three traits (eye diameter, pectoral fin length, and pelvic fin length) were made pre and post-oil spill across two sites (Old Fort Bayou and the Pascagoula River), as well as between years of collection (2011, 2012)-one and two years, respectfully, after the spill in 2010. We hypothesized that fluctuating asymmetry would be higher in post-Deepwater Horizon samples, and that this will be replicated in both study areas along the Mississippi Gulf coast. We also predicted that fluctuating asymmetry would decrease through time after the oil spill as the oil decomposed and/or was removed. Analyses performed on 1135 fish (220 pre and 915 post Deepwater Horizon) showed significantly higher post spill fluctuating asymmetry in the eye but no difference for the pectoral or pelvic fins. There was also higher fluctuating asymmetry in one of the two sites both pre and post-spill, indicating observed asymmetry may be the product of multiple stressors. Fluctuating asymmetry decreased in 2012 compared to 2011. Fluctuating asymmetry is a sensitive measure of sub lethal stress, and the observed variability in this study (pre vs. post-spill or between sites) could be due to a combination of oil, dispersants, or other unknown stressors.
Data from: Strong, nonlinear selection against fluctuating asymmetry in wild populations of a marine fish
Theoretical links between fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and fitness have led many to use FA as a proxy for average fitness. However, studies examining whether asymmetry actually correlates with individual fitness in wild populations are relatively rare and often use simple measures of association (e.g., correlation coefficients). Consequently, the pattern of selection on asymmetry in the wild is seldom clear. We examined selection on FA of pectoral fin morphology in two wild populations of a marine fish (the kelp perch; Brachyistius frenatus). As expected, variance in signed FA in each initial sample was significantly greater than that found in the surviving population, indicating selection against FA. Our estimate of the fitness surface confirmed perfect symmetry as the phenotypic optimum and indicated strong, nonlinear selection against asymmetry. No difference in the form of selection was detected between populations. However, the level of FA in the initial samples varied among populations, leading to an overall difference in the level of selective mortality. Our results suggest that selection on asymmetry in wild populations may be strongly nonlinear, and indicate that the demographic costs of asymmetry may play a substantial role in the dynamics of populations.
Fig. 3 in Fluctuating asymmetry and oxidative stress indicate environmental stress of Cane toads Rhinella marina
Fig. 3. Antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress of R. marina. a) SOD activity, b) Total antioxidant capacity units are Trolox nmol, c) Lipid peroxidation. Different letters show different means.
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OpenNeuro
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