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59 results for “flying fox”
Data from: Land use, season, and parasitism predict metal concentrations in Australian flying fox fur
<p>There are two .csv files in this upload. The "Pteropus_metal_data_wide.csv" file contains metal concentrations (reported in ng/g) measured in fur samples collected from <em>Pteropus </em>flying foxes (<em>P. alecto</em>, <em>P. conspicillatus</em>, <em>P. poliocephalus</em>). Flying foxes were captured from 2015-2018 at multiple sites across Australia. The file also contains capture information (e.g. date, location) and biological information (e.g. species, sex, age class, parasitism) for each flying fox. The "Pteropus_metadata.csv" file provides further details on all column names in the primary data file, including the specific metals that were quantified. Detailed information on the study methods and results can be found in the associated Science of the Total Environment publication, "Land use, season, and parasitism predict metal concentrations in Australian flying fox fur" by Sánchez et al.</p>
Data from: Dispersal out of Wallacea spurs diversification of Pteropus flying foxes, the world's largest bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
<p><b>Aim: </b>Islands provide opportunities for isolation and speciation. Many landmasses in the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) are oceanic islands, and founder-event speciation is expected to be the predominant form of speciation of volant taxa on these islands. We studied the biogeographic history of flying foxes, a group with many endemic species and a predilection for islands, to test this hypothesis and infer the biogeographic origin of the group.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Australasia, Indo-Australian Archipelago, Madagascar, Pacific Islands</p> <p><b>Taxon: </b><i>Pteropus</i> (Pteropodidae)</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>To infer the biogeographic history of <i>Pteropus</i>, we sequenced up to 6169 bp of genetic data from 10 markers and reconstructed a multilocus species tree of 34 currently recognized <i>Pteropus</i> species and subspecies with 3 <i>Acerodon</i> outgroups using <span>BEAST</span> and subsequently estimated ancestral areas using models implemented in <span>BioGeoBEARS</span>.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Species-level resolution was occasionally low because of slow rates of molecular evolution and/or recent divergences. Older divergences, however, were more strongly supported and allow the evolutionary history of the group to be inferred. The genus diverged in Wallacea from its common ancestor with <i>Acerodon</i>; founder-event speciation out of Wallacea was a common inference. <i>Pteropus </i>species in Micronesia and the western Indian Ocean were also inferred to result from founder-event speciation.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions: </b>Dispersal between regions of the IAA and the islands found therein fostered diversification of <i>Pteropus </i>throughout the IAA and beyond. Dispersal in <i>Pteropus</i> is far higher than in most other volant taxa studied to date, highlighting the importance of inter-island movement in the biogeographic history of this large clade of large bats.</p>
Fig. 1 in Phylogeny of Hepatocystis parasites of Australian flying foxes reveals distinct parasite clade
Fig. 1. Concatenated analysis. Bayesian analysis of concatenated alignment of two mitochondrial (cytb, cox1), one apicoplast (clpC), and two nuclear genes (ef2, PAT) rooted with Leucocytozoon species from birds. Posterior probabilities are given. (A) Clade of Hepatocystis presents the sister clade to mammalian Plasmodium (Plasmodium) and Plasmodium (Vinckeia) species. The parasite sequences of the study from Australian Pteropus species, form one distinct clade (together with three sequences from Asian Pteropus species) (highlighted in yellow). The sister clade contains all sequences from primate Hepatocystis (highlighted in blue), the African bat Hepatocystis parasites (highlighted in red) and sequences of Hepatocystis from Asian flying foxes of the genus Cynopterus and Hipposideros. (B) section from (A), uncollapsed Hepatocystis clades. Sequences of the study are highlighted in bold. Australasian Hepatocystis sequences from Pteropus hosts fall in two subclades and no host species specificity is apparent as the sequences from all three-host species group in two main clades.(For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Phylogeny of Hepatocystis parasites of Australian flying foxes reveals distinct parasite clade
Fig. 2. Gametocyte blood stages of haemosporidian parasites of Australian bats. Giemsa-stained thin blood smears were investigated using oil immersion with a light microscope at a magnification of 1,000×. A) ex P. conspicillatus (P_conspicillatus_L2, A1 = macro-, A2 = microgametocyte), B) ex P. conspicillatus (P_conspicillatus_L15, B1 = macro-, B2 = microgametocyte), C) ex P. conspicillatus (P_conspicillatus_L20, C1+2 = early gametocyte stages, C3 = macro-, C 4 = microgametocyte), D) ex P. scapulatus (P_scapulatus_A4, D 1+2 = micro-, D 3+4 macrogametocytes), E) ex P. scapulatus (P_scapulatus_A3, E1+2 = macrogametocytes, E3+4 = unusual microgametocytes) F) ex P. alecto (P_alecto_L8, F1+2 = microgametocytes G) ex P. alecto (P_alecto_L5, G1 = macrogametocyte, G2 = microgametocyte), ''ex'' denotes that parasites were isolated from the respective host species. Bar = 5 μm.
Fig. 13 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 13. Skin of USNM 8597/37860, lectotype of Pteropus samoensis Peale, 1848. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view.
Fig. 7 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 7. Skulls of smaller-toothed, medium-sized Pteropus species of the southwest Pacific region. A, Partially cleaned skull of Pteropus fundatus, endemic to Vanuatu (AM M26897, adult male, Mota); B, reconstructed skull of Pteropus allenorum, endemic Samoa (ANSP 1234, unsexed subadult, Upolu); C, skull of Pteropus mahaganus, endemic to the Solomon Archipelago (AM M6280, adult male, Bougainville). Scale bar 5 10 mm.
Fig. 10 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 10. Skulls of the four larger Pteropus species of Vanuatu and Polynesia. A, P. tonganus (AMNH 68738, adult male, ''Samoa''); B, P. samoensis (USNM 4465, unsexed adult, ''Samoan Archipelago''); C, P. coxi (USNM 3953/3791, probably male, ''Samoan Archipelago''); D, P. anetianus (USNM 278062, adult female, Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu). Scale bar 5 10 mm.
Fig. 4 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 4. Bivariate ecomorphological contrasts in Samoan Pteropus. A plot of rostral (orbitonasal) length versus zygomatic width discriminates the four Pteropus species recorded from Samoa. Sample represents all adult specimens (or nearly adult in the case of the unique holotype of P. allenorum) from the Samoan archipelago. Open triangles indicate P. samoensis; closed diamonds, P. tonganus; closed square, P. allenorum; open circles, P. coxi.
Fig. 6 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 6. Maxillary toothrows of the four Pteropus species of Samoa, to scale. A, Pteropus allenorum (ANSP 1234, unsexed subadult); B, Pteropus samoensis (ANSP 1867, unsexed adult); C, Pteropus coxi (USNM 3791, adult, probably male); D, Pteropus tonganus (AMNH 68738, adult male). Scale bar 5 5 mm.
Fig. 11 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 11. Color variation in the extant Pteropus spp. of Samoa. A, P. tonganus (USNM 566603, adult female, ''Samoa''), dorsal coloration pattern; B, P. samoensis (USNM 338624, adult male, Tutuila), dark phase (most common); C, P. samoensis (USNM 565827, adult female, Tutuila), white phase (very rare); D, P. samoensis (USNM 3947, unsexed young adult, ''Samoan Archipelago''), pale, straw-colored phase (less common in Samoa, more common in Fiji).
Fig. 5 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 5. Bivariate ecomorphological contrasts in Samoan Pteropus (continued). A plot of maxillary toothrow length versus the distance across the upper canines also discriminates the four Pteropus species recorded from Samoa. Sample and symbols as for figure 4.
Fig. 2. A in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 2. A map of Samoa, showing political boundaries and principal islands, with inset showing the location of Apia on the island of Upolu, the type locality of Pteropus allenorum. Adapted from Steadman (2006b).
Fig. 14 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 14. Bivariate plot of the two canonical variates in a discriminant function analysis contrasting samples identified as Pteropus samoensis (Fiji and Samoa, triangles), Pteropus anetianus (Vanuatu, closed circles), and Pteropus coxi (Samoa, open circles). Parenthetical numbers on the axes indicate the proportion of variance for each variate (see table 5).
Fig. 8 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 8. Multivariate morphometric comparisons in Samoan Pteropus (principal components analysis), drawing from 10 log-transformed craniodental measurements, divide the four Pteropus species recorded from Samoa into four discrete quadrant clusters. Sample and symbols as for figure 4. In this case, overall size can be visualized on the first component (increasing from right to left), while the loadings on the second component serve as an indication of general ''robustness'' (increasing from top to bottom). See text and table 3. Parenthetical numbers on the axes indicate the proportion of variance for each principal component (see table 3).
Fig. 9 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct
Fig. 9. Skins of the endemic Pteropus of Vanuatu. A, P. fundatus, AM M26896, adult female, Mota. B, P. anetianus, USNM 278062, adult female, Espiritu Santo.
FIG. 4 in New records of flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropus sp.) from Seram, Indonesia, with notes on ecology and conservation status
FIG. 4. Lateral views of skulls of A, Pteropus chrysoproctus (MZB 36909♀); B, Pteropus melanopogon (MZB 10753); C, Pteropus ocularis (MZB 369283); D, Pteropus temminckii (MZB 369253).
FIG. 3 in New records of flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropus sp.) from Seram, Indonesia, with notes on ecology and conservation status
FIG. 3. Ventral views of skulls of A, Pteropus chrysoproctus (MZB 36909♀); B, Pteropus melanopogon (MZB 10753); C, Pteropus ocularis (MZB 369283); D, Pteropus temminckii (MZB 369253).
FIG. 2 in New records of flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropus sp.) from Seram, Indonesia, with notes on ecology and conservation status
FIG. 2. Dorsal views of skulls of A, Pteropus chrysoproctus (MZB 36909♀); B, Pteropus melanopogon (MZB 10753); C, Pteropus ocularis (MZB 369283); D, Pteropus temminckii (MZB 369253).
Data from: Dispersal out of Wallacea spurs diversification of Pteropus flying foxes, the world’s largest bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
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Genetic differentiation and demographic trajectory of the insular Formosan and Orii’s flying foxes
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