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24 results for “food deprivation”
Data and script for Van Berkel et al: Can starlings use a reliable cue of future food deprivation to adaptively modify foraging and fat reserves?
<p>Supporting materials for:</p> <p><strong>Can starlings use a reliable cue of future food deprivation to adaptively modify foraging and fat reserves?</strong></p> <p>Menno van Berkel<sup>a</sup>, Melissa Bateson<sup>a</sup>, Daniel Nettle<sup>a</sup> and Jonathon Dunn<sup>a</sup>*</p> <p><sup>a</sup>Centre for Behaviour and Evolution & Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK</p> <p>*Author for correspondence (email: jonathon.dunn@newcastle.ac.uk; telephone: (+44)7730015855; postal address: Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE2 4HH).</p> <p>R script and 3 .csv files.</p>
Food deprivation exposes sex-specific trade-offs between stress tolerance and lifespan in the copepod Tigriopus californicus
<p>Long life is standardly assumed to be associated with high stress tolerance. Previous work shows that the copepod <em>Tigriopus californicus</em> breaks this rule, with longer lifespan under benign conditions found in males, the sex with lower stress tolerance. Here we extended this previous work, raising animals from the same families in food-replete conditions until adulthood and then transferring them to food-limited conditions until all animals perished. As in previous work, survivorship under food-replete conditions favored males. However, under food deprivation lifespan strongly favored females in all crosses. Compared to benign conditions, average lifespan under nutritional stress was reduced by 47% in males but only 32% in females. Further, the sex-specific mitonuclear effects previously found under benign conditions were erased under food limited conditions. Results thus demonstrate that sex-specific lifespan, including mitonuclear interactions, are highly dependent on nutritional environment.</p>
Fig. 2 in Effect of food deprivation on hydrilla tip mining midge survival and subsequent development
Fig. 2. Effect of starvation post-hatch on the eclosion of Cricotopus lebetis adults from hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) stems in test tubes. Midge eclosion was defined as observing an adult C. lebetis in the test tube. Bars represent mean percentage midge eclosion ± standard error of the mean. Statistical differences between the midge eclosion observed afer different starvation periods post-hatch are indicated by different letters.
Fig. 1 in Effect of food deprivation on hydrilla tip mining midge survival and subsequent development
Fig. 1. Effect of food deprivation on larval survival of the hydrilla tip mining midge, Cricotopus lebetis. Number of larvae alive recorded for each day posthatch in 96-well plates. Mean percentage survival ± standard error of the mean. The number of larvae alive decreased significantly each day (P <0.05).
Food deprivation exposes sex-specific trade-offs between stress tolerance and lifespan in the copepod Tigriopus californicus
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Flying on empty: Reduced mitochondrial function and flight capacity in food-deprived monarch butterflies
<p>Mitochondrial function is fundamental to organismal performance, health, and fitness – especially during energetically challenging events, such as migration. With this investigation, we evaluated mitochondrial sensitivity to ecologically relevant stressors. We focused on an iconic migrant, the North American monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), and examined the effects of two stressors: seven days of food deprivation, and infection by the protozoan parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (known to reduce survival and flight performance). We measured whole-animal resting metabolic rate (RMR) and peak flight metabolic rate, and mitochondrial respiration of isolated mitochondria from the flight muscles. Food deprivation reduced mass-independent RMR and peak flight metabolic rate, whereas infection did not. Fed monarchs used mainly lipids in flight (respiratory quotient 0.73), but the respiratory quotient dropped in food-deprived individuals, possibly indicating switching to alternative energy sources, such as ketone bodies. Food deprivation decreased mitochondrial maximum oxygen consumption but not basal respiration, resulting in lower respiratory control ratio (RCR). Furthermore, food deprivation decreased mitochondrial complex III activity, but increased complex IV activity. Infection did not result in any changes in these mitochondrial variables. Mitochondrial maximum respiration rate correlated positively with mass-independent RMR and flight metabolic rate, suggesting a link between mitochondria and whole-animal performance. In conclusion, low food availability negatively affects mitochondrial function and flight performance, with potential implications for migration, fitness, and population dynamics. Although previous studies have reported poor flight performance in infected monarchs, we found no differences in physiological performance, suggesting that reduced flight capacity may be due to structural differences or low energy stores.</p>
Flying on empty: Reduced mitochondrial function and flight capacity in food-deprived monarch butterflies
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Metabolic depression in sea urchin barrens associated with food deprivation
<p>The proliferation of sea urchins can decimate macroalgal forests in coastal ecosystems, leading to persistent barren seascapes. While kelp forests are among the most productive ecosystems on the planet, productivity in these urchin barrens is dramatically reduced. Moreover, urchins inhabiting these food-depauperate barrens face starvation and many survive in these barrens for years or decades. Urchins in barrens can persist by eating food subsidies from drift algae, pelagic salps, tubeworms, as well as encrusting and filamentous algae, microbial mats, and slow-growing species resistant to herbivory. Despite both food from endogenous production and exogenous subsidies, many urchins in barrens likely experience prolonged food deprivation. This resource limitation may create a trade-off between reproduction and survival; for example, fecundity of purple sea urchins (<em>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</em>) is 99.9% lower in barrens. Despite food constraints, red sea urchins (<em>Mesocentrotus franciscanus</em>), the dominant urchin species at our study sites, can live in excess of 100 years and barrens in Haida Gwaii, British Columbia (BC), Canada, have persisted for at least 143 years. While these phenomena are widespread and well documented, the bioenergetic adaptations that allow urchins to persist in these food-depauperate barrens remain poorly understood. To quantify habitat-specific differences in metabolic rates and energy reserves (as measured by gonadal mass), we conducted respirometry on and measured gonadal mass in <em>M. franciscanus</em> at three locations in BC inside and outside of adjacent kelp forest and barrens habitat. Here we demonstrate that <em>M. franciscanus</em> in barrens versus kelp forests have substantially lower energy reserves and, importantly, also exhibit dramatic reductions in size-specific resting metabolic rates (RMR), even after standardizing by metabolically active body mass. On average, gonadal mass was 44.6% lower and RMR scaled to metabolically active body mass was 40% lower in barrens urchins than in kelp forest urchins. Such a shift in metabolic rate may provide a mechanism that facilitates barren state stability over long time scales as <em>M. franciscanus</em> can lower energetic demands while they wait for small pulses of food, scrape by on low-productivity resources, and suppress recruitment of macroalgae for months, years, or decades.</p>
Metabolic depression in sea urchin barrens associated with food deprivation
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Figure 1 from: Nair P, Huertas M, Nowlin WH (2020) Metabolic responses to long-term food deprivation in subterranean and surface amphipods. Subterranean Biology 33: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.33.48483
Figure 1 Oxygen consumption in darkness for Stygobromus pecki and Synurella at 23 °C. Values are means ± Standard Error Means (SEM) for n = 5 animals.
Figure 2 from: Nair P, Huertas M, Nowlin WH (2020) Metabolic responses to long-term food deprivation in subterranean and surface amphipods. Subterranean Biology 33: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.33.48483
Figure 2 Changes in the levels of body metabolites in Stygobromus pecki and Synurella sp. A Carbohydrates B proteins C lipids concentrations during long-term food deprivation at 23 °C in darkness. Values are means ± SEM for n = 5 replicates. (*) indicates significance at P < 0.05 for the main effects of Treatment, Time and the Time × Treatment interaction.
Data from: Food-deprivation affects egg laying and maternal care but not offspring performance in a beetle
Individuals vary with respect to their nutritional state and such variation is an important determinant of the amount of resources individuals allocate towards reproductive functions. Currently, we have a relatively poor understanding of the downstream consequences of food deprivation on different traits associated with reproduction. Here, we address this gap by investigating how food deprivation affected different traits across the breeding cycle in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides; a species that breeds on carcasses of small vertebrates serving as food for both parents and offspring. We found that food-deprived females took longer to start egg laying than control females, which may allow them more time to feed from the carcass. There was no difference between food-deprived and control females in the number, size, laying pattern or hatching success of eggs, suggesting that this delay allowed females to compensate for their poor initial state. However, food-deprived females spent less time providing care, suggesting that this compensation was incomplete. Finally, we found no evidence for negative effects of food deprivation on the offspring's growth or survival, which is surprising given that food-deprived females took longer to initiate egg laying and provided less care to their offspring. Our results highlight that food deprivation can have complex effects on parental and offspring traits, and suggest that females face a trade-off between the benefits of mitigating downstream consequences of nutritional stress and the costs associated with delaying the start of reproduction.
Data from: Aggressive behaviours, food deprivation and the foraging gene
A pleiotropic gene governs multiple traits, which might constrain the evolution of complexity due to conflicting selection on these traits. However, if the pleiotropic effect is modular, then this can facilitate synergistic responses to selection on functionally related traits, thereby leveraging the evolution of complexity. To understand the evolutionary consequence of pleiotropy, the relation among functionally different traits governed by the same gene is key. We examined a pleiotropic function of the foraging (for) gene with its rover and sitter allelic variants in fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We measured for's effect on adult male aggressive behaviours and whether this effect was shaped by for's known role in food-related traits. Rover exhibited higher levels of offensive behaviour than sitters and s2, a sitter-like mutant on rover genetic background. With a Markov chain model, we estimated the rate of aggression escalation, and found that the rover pattern of aggressive escalation more rapidly intensified fights. Subsequent analysis revealed that this was not caused by for's effect on food-related traits, suggesting that for might directly regulate aggressive behaviours. Food deprivation did not elevate aggression, but reduced intermediate-level aggressive behaviours. Aggression and other foraging-related behaviour might comprise a synergistic trait module underlaid by this pleiotropic gene.
Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Food Intake and Motor Activity in Man
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00986492. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
The Effects of Acute Caloric Deprivation on Odour Identification and Food Reward
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02653378. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
Pilot Study on Community Gardens and Food Purchases in Deprived Neighborhood (Marseille, France)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03175575. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Data from: Aggressive behaviours, food deprivation and the foraging gene
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Data from: Food-deprivation affects egg laying and maternal care but not offspring performance in a beetle
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A food deprivation affects the miRNome in the lactating goat mammary gland
GEO Series GSE61025. Capra hircus. 10 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Impact of food-deprivation on mammary transcriptome of lactating goats
GEO Series GSE6380. Bos taurus; Capra hircus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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