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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Food quantity and quality modulates inducible defences in a common predator-prey system

Zooplankton display different inducible defences against invertebrate and vertebrate predators. The response pattern to gape-limited invertebrate predators involves increased somatic growth and offspring body size but delayed maturity and reduced offspring numbers. In contrast to this general pattern, the freshwater model organism Daphnia magna has been reported to exhibit a different response when encountering the gape-limited tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis. Under laboratory conditions, D. magna showed increased somatic growth, earlier maturation, and an increase in both offspring number and size. We propose here that the discrepancy between the previously observed and the theory-based response patterns against invertebrate predators is due to differences in food availability in the applied laboratory settings and assessed whether the defensive response of D. magna against T. cancriformis is modulated differently by food quantity and quality. We found a strong impact of food quantity and quality on the defence response of D. magna to T. cancriformis kairomones. The prey seem to be able to overcome trade-offs between morphological defence traits and reproductive traits, but distinctly between high food quantity and high food quality. Thereby, reproductive traits were preferred over morphological defences. Furthermore, removal of particles from the T. cancriformis-conditioned water caused a defence pattern in D. magna that was consistent with the general response pattern known from other invertebrate predators, thus explaining the described discrepancy to previous studies with T. cancriformis.  Our study highlights the importance of assessing food-related effects on predator-prey interactions to understand trophic relationships and food web processes.

Figure 9 in The web amount and quality of web spiders (Agelenidae, Pholcidae), Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) and Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763), depending on food and temperature

Figure 9. Amounts of food consumed by Holocnemus pluchei at 25–30 °C (1: Drosophyla melanogaster; 2: food caught with insect net).

Figure 8 in The web amount and quality of web spiders (Agelenidae, Pholcidae), Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) and Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763), depending on food and temperature

Figure 8. Food amounts of Holocnemus pluchei at 20–25 °C (1: Drosophila melanogaster; 2: food caught with insect net).

Figure 7 in The web amount and quality of web spiders (Agelenidae, Pholcidae), Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) and Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763), depending on food and temperature

Figure 7. Food amounts of Agelena labyrinthica at 25–30°C (1: Drosophila melanogaster; 2: food caught with insect net).

Figure 6 in The web amount and quality of web spiders (Agelenidae, Pholcidae), Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) and Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763), depending on food and temperature

Figure 6. Food amounts of Agelena labyrinthica at 20–25°C (1:Drosophila melanogaster; 2: food caught with insect net). Table 4. The Mann–Whitney U test results of the amounts of food consumed under different conditions.

Fig. 5 in Food quality influences ovarian development in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Fig. 5. Average number (± SEM) of follicles per ovariole in Scyphophorus acupunctatus at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 d of age fed on meridic diet (solid bars) and tuberose bulbs (empty bars). Bars within the same age with different letters indicate significant differences (Tukey multiple comparison test, *P <0.05).

Fig. 6 in Food quality influences ovarian development in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Fig. 6. (A) Average length (± SEM) and (B) area (± SEM) of proximal follicles in female of Scyphophorus acupunctatus at 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, and 60 d of age fed on meridic diet (solid bars) and tuberose bulbs (empty bars). Bars within the same age with different letters indicate significant differences (Tukey multiple comparison test, *P <0.05).

Fig. 4 in Food quality influences ovarian development in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Fig. 4. Ovarian maturation of Scyphophorus acupunctatus females (%) at different ages fed on meridic diet (lef) and tuberose bulb (right), n = 12 of each age and type of diet.

Fig. 2 in Food quality influences ovarian development in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Fig. 2. Follicles of Scyphophorus acupunctatus in different stages of development. (A) Oocyte (o) located in the distal part of the vitellarium, further developed oocyte surrounded by follicular epithelium (fe) showing germinal vesicle (gv), peritoneal sheath (sh), trachea (tr), tracheoles (trl); (B) Gradual maturation of follicles (fo) with yolk (yo) and germinal vesicle (gv); (C) Mature follicle located in the proximal part of the vitellarium with yolk (yo).

Fig. 1 in Food quality influences ovarian development in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Fig. 1. (A) Female reproductive system of Scyphophorus acupunctatus formed by 2 ovaries (ov), germarium (g), vitellarium (v), oocyte (o), lateral oviduct (lo), common oviduct (co), spermatheca (s), and genital chamber (gc); (B) Distal part of the germarium (g) with bulky appearance possibly with trophocytes, prefollicular cells, and oogonia, terminal filament (tf), trachea (tr), tracheoles (trl); and (C) Approach to the onset of vitellarium with oocytes in development, germinal vesicle (gv), interfollicular tissue (tif), trachea (tr), and tracheoles (trl).

Fig. 3 in Food quality influences ovarian development in Scyphophorus acupunctatus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Fig. 3. Sequence of developmental stages of ovarian maturation of Scyphophorus acupunctatus females. N1: without follicles, no clear differentiation between germarium and vitellarium; N2: ovarioles begin to differentiate (germarium and vitellarium), follicles begin to form but not yet mature; N3: ovarioles completely differentiated, proximal follicle mature and ready to be ovulated, no follicular relics present; PA: follicles in oviducts; PB: presence of follicular relics. N = nulliparous.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

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Data for: Strong effects of food quality on host life history do not scale to impact parasitoid efficacy or life history

Parasitoids are small insects, (e.g., small wasps or flies) that reproduce by laying eggs on or within host arthropods. Parasitoids make up a large proportion of the world's biodiversity and are popular agents of biological control. Idiobiont parasitoids paralyze their hosts upon attack and thus are expected to only target hosts large enough to support offspring development. Host resources generally impact host attributes and life histories including size, development, and life span. Some argue slow host development in response to resource quality increases parasitoid efficacy (i.e., a parasitoid's ability to successfully reproduce on or within a host) due to longer host exposure to parasitoids. However, this hypothesis is not always supported and does not consider variation in other host traits in response to resources that may be important for parasitoids (e.g., variation in host size is known to impact parasitoid efficacy). In this study, we test whether trait variation within host developmental stages in response to host resources is more important for parasitoid efficacy and life histories than trait variation across host developmental stages. We exposed seed beetle hosts raised on a food quality gradient to mated female parasitoids and measured the number of hosts parasitized and parasitoid life history traits at the scale of host stage- and age-structure. Our results suggest host food quality does not cascade to impact idiobiont parasitoid life histories despite large food quality effects on host life history. Instead, variation in host life histories across host developmental stages better predicts parasitoid efficacy and life histories, suggesting finding a host in a specific instar is more important for idiobiont parasitoids than finding hosts on or within higher quality resources.

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Data for: Strong effects of food quality on host life history do not scale to impact parasitoid efficacy or life history

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publicMar 2023View details →

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Sampling a pika’s pantry: Temporal shifts in nutritional quality & over-winter preservation of American pika food caches

Climate change is increasing temperature, decreasing precipitation, and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in many ecosystems. As atmospheric carbon rises, plants may increase carbon-based defenses such as phenolics, thereby potentially affecting food quality, foraging habits, and habitat suitability for mammalian herbivores. In alpine habitats, the American pika (Ochotona princeps) is a model species for studying effects of changing plant chemistry on mammals. To survive between growing seasons, pikas cache “haypiles” of plants rich in phenolics. Although they are acutely toxic to pikas, phenolic compounds help plants retain biomass and nutrition during storage, and they break down over time. Alpine avens (Geum rossii, Rosales: Rosaceae) is a high-phenolic plant species that comprises up to 75% of pika winter diet in Colorado. Here, we tested the hypothesis that contemporary climate change has affected the nutritional value of Alpine avens to pikas in the last 30 years. Specifically, we compared phenolic activity, nutritional quality, and overwinter preservation of plants collected at Niwot Ridge, Colorado (USA) in 1992 to those collected between 2010 – 2018, spanning nearly three decades of climate change. Phenolic activity increased in alpine avens since 1992, while fiber and nitrogen content decreased. Importantly, overwinter preservation of plant biomass also increased, particularly on windblown slopes without long-lasting snow cover. Previous studies indicate that pikas at this site still depend on alpine avens in their winter food caches. Increasing phenolic content in alpine avens could therefore enhance the preservation of haypiles over winter; however, if pikas must further delay consuming these plants to avoid acute toxicity, then he nutritional gains from enhanced preservation may not be beneficial. This study provides important insights into how changing plant chemistry will affect mammalian herbivores in the future.

openCC (other)Dec 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

Implementation of ATP and Microbial Indicator Testing for Hygiene Monitoring in a Tofu Production Facility Improves Product Quality and Hygienic Conditions of Food Contact Surfaces: A Case Study

This is the code and associated data that was used to generate conclusions for the following manuscript published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology: DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02278-20 Implementation of ATP and Microbial Indicator Testing for Hygiene Monitoring in a Tofu Production Facility Improves Product Quality and Hygienic Conditions of Food Contact Surfaces: A Case Study Authors: Jonathan H. Sogin(a), Gabriela Lopez Velasco(b), Burcu Yordem(b), Cari K. Lingle(b), John M. David(b), Mario Cobo(a), Randy W. Worobo(a) (a)Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA (b)3M Company, St. Paul, MN, USA Address correspondence to Jonathan H. Sogin, jhs397@cornell.edu

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Food quality effects on instar-specific life histories of a holometabolous insect

<ol> <li>It is a long-standing challenge to understand how changes in food resources impact consumer life history traits and, in turn, impact how organisms interact with their environment. To characterize food quality effects on life history, most studies follow organisms throughout their life cycle and quantify major life events, such as age at maturity or fecundity. From these studies, we know that food quality generally impacts body size, juvenile development, and life span. Importantly, throughout juvenile development, many organisms develop through several stages of growth that can have different interactions with their environment. For example, parasitoids typically attack larger instars, whereas larval insect predators typically attack smaller instars. Interestingly, most studies lump all juvenile stages together, which ignores these ecological changes over juvenile development. </li> <li>We combine a cross-sectional experimental approach with a stage-structured population model to estimate instar-specific vital rates in the bean weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus across a food quality gradient. We characterize food quality effects on the bean weevil's life history traits throughout its juvenile ontogeny to test how food quality impacts instar-specific vital rates. </li> <li>Vital rates differed across food quality treatments within each instar; however, their effect differed with instar. Weevils consuming low quality food spent 38%, 37% and 18% more time, and were 1%, 8% and 60% smaller than weevils consuming high quality food in the second, third and fourth instars, respectively. Overall, our results show that consuming poor food quality means slower growth, but that food quality effects on vital rates, growth and development are not equal across instars. Differences in life history traits over juvenile ontogeny in response to food quality may impact how organisms interact with their environment, including how susceptible they are to predation, parasitism, and their competitive ability.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroJan 2020View details →

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

A Consumer Study on the Acceptance of Digitized Packaging for Food Quality Assessment

Supplementary diagrams and pre-processed dataset to reproduce the findings of the publication "A Consumer Study on the Acceptance of Digitized Packaging for Food Quality Assessment" by Elia Henrichs, Julia Marie Senge, and Christian Krupitzer (University of Hohenheim, Department of Food Informatics and Computational Science Hub, Fruwirthstr. 21, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany).

Figure 2. A in The web amount and quality of web spiders (Agelenidae, Pholcidae), Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) and Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763), depending on food and temperature

Figure 2. A) Web of Agelena labyrinthica; B) web of Holocnemus pluchei.

Figure 3 in The web amount and quality of web spiders (Agelenidae, Pholcidae), Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) and Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763), depending on food and temperature

Figure 3. Webs of A. labyrinthica, A) side view; B) top view; C) top view.