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84 results for “foraging activity”
Data from: Cascading effects of apex predator recovery on rodent foraging activity and seed predation
This dataset was collected to examine the effects of apex predator presence on post-dispersal seed predation and rodent foraging behavior in Mediterranean ecosystems of southern Spain. The study focused on the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) as a top predator capable of altering mesopredator and small mammal communities through cascading interactions. We used the fleshy-fruited tree Pyrus bourgaeana as a model species and conducted a seed predation experiment in two areas with and without lynx presence. A total of 1152 seeds were placed in 144 seed depots across forest and open habitats and three microhabitat types (rock, shrub, and open ground). Rodent activity and foraging behavior were monitored using 36 camera traps installed at a subset of seed depots, and rodent abundance was estimated with live trapping one week later. The dataset includes seed predation counts, camera-trap records of rodent visits, live-trapping results, and vegetation cover estimates. These data allow investigation of how predation risk and habitat structure influence rodent activity and post-dispersal seed predation dynamics in Mediterranean landscapes.
Reef effect of offshore structures on the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises
<p class="MsoNormal">With increasing numbers of offshore structures to be decommissioned, a better understanding of their effect on marine predators is timely. There is some evidence that oil and gas platforms may attract marine mammals acting as artificial reefs. However, it is unclear whether different man-made structure designs have similar effects. Further, due to the lack of baseline data prior to installation, it is unknown whether artificial structures modify the diel patterns of occurrence and foraging behaviour of marine mammals. Here, we used passive acoustics to investigate the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises (<em>Phocoena phocoena</em>) around three artificial structures of different age and complexity. We deployed an array of echolocation click detectors (CPODs) in 2021, along a gradient of distances to these structures and assessed the extent to which porpoises were attracted to them. We also investigated the effect of these structures on the diel patterns of occurrence and foraging activity of porpoises. The probability of porpoise occurrence and foraging activity decreased with distance from offshore structures. A significant increase in porpoise occurrence and foraging was detected during night-time compared to daytime around all three offshore structures (< 200 m). Comparing pre- and post-installation porpoise detections, the daily patterns of occurrence and foraging activity shifted from a weak <a>diel</a><span class="MsoCommentReference"><span> </span></span>pattern before the structure was installed, to a strong nocturnal pattern when the structure was present. These findings provide evidence that marine mammals are attracted to man-made structures and that porpoises modify their diel patterns of occurrence and foraging activity around them. This research suggests that offshore structures play an important role as foraging areas for marine mammals and provides key information for the decommissioning process.</p>
Fig. 2 in Foraging activity of Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) at various densities on pupae of the eucalyptus defoliator Thyrinteina arnobia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Fig. 2. (A) Duraton of life cycle (egg to adult) and (B) numbers of Palmistichus elaeisis progeny with a density of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, or 21 ovipositng females per Thyrinteina arnobia pupa at 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% RH, and a 12:12 h L:D photoperiod.
Fig. 1 in Foraging activity of Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) at various densities on pupae of the eucalyptus defoliator Thyrinteina arnobia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Fig. 1. Percentage of pupae parasitzed and percentage of emergence of Palmistichus elaeisis with a density of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, or 21 ovipositng females per Thyrinteina arnobia pupa at 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10% RH, and a 12:12 h L:D photoperiod. Statstcal significance: parasitsm, P = 0.3770; emergence, P = 0.034.
Figure 2 in Diurnal time-activity budget and foraging techniques of red-crested pochards (Netta rufina) wintering at the wetlands of West Bengal, India
Figure 2. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA with 95% ellipses) ordination diagram showing the scatter plot for the month-wise and site-wise density of the wintering RCPs together with the selected environmental variables. Vector lines represent the relationship of significant environmental variables to the ordination axes; their length is proportional to their relative significance.
Figure 1 in Diurnal time-activity budget and foraging techniques of red-crested pochards (Netta rufina) wintering at the wetlands of West Bengal, India
Figure 1. Study site (Adra saheb bandh,Purulia saheb bandh, Kadamdeuli Dam, and Gangdoa Dam) locations inWest Bengal, India (India and West Bengal maps not in scale).
Figure 4 in Diurnal time-activity budget and foraging techniques of red-crested pochards (Netta rufina) wintering at the wetlands of West Bengal, India
Figure 4. Comparison of the aggregated proportional time budget (values in percentages of the time spent) of the diurnal foraging activities of male and female RCPs in January and December; deep water conditions prevailed in both December and January at Sites 1, 2, and 4, while shallow water conditions prevailed at Site 3 in January.
Fig. 1 in Polybia fasticiosuscula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) foraging activity patterns
Fig. 1. Typical Polybia fastidiosuscula foraging patterns. Means with the same letter at each evaluation time do not differ at 95% probability by the Tukey's test. Vertical bars represent the standard error of the mean (n = 7).
Variation in foraging activity influences area-restricted search behaviour by bottlenose dolphins
<p>Area-restricted search (ARS) behaviour is commonly used to characterise spatio-temporal variation in foraging activity of predators, but evidence of the drivers underlying this behaviour in marine systems is sparse. Advances in underwater sound recording techniques and automated processing of acoustic data now provide opportunities to investigate these questions where species use different vocalisations when encountering prey. Here, we used passive acoustics to investigate drivers of ARS behaviour in a population of dolphins, to determine if residency in key foraging areas increased following encounters with prey. Analyses were based on two independent proxies of foraging: echolocation buzzes (widely used as foraging proxies), and bray calls (vocalizations linked to salmon predation attempts). Echolocation buzzes were extracted from echolocation data loggers and bray calls from broadband recordings by a convolutional neural network (CNN). We found a strong positive relationship between the duration of encounters and the frequency of both foraging proxies, supporting the theory that bottlenose dolphins engage in ARS behaviour in response to higher prey encounter rates. This study provides empirical evidence for one driver of ARS behaviour and demonstrates the potential for applying passive acoustic monitoring in combination with deep learning-based techniques to investigate the behaviour of vocal animals. </p>
Variation in foraging activity influences area-restricted search behaviour by bottlenose dolphins
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Reef effect of offshore structures on the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises
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Social partners and temperature jointly affect morning foraging activity of small birds in winter
Daily foraging activity of small wintering birds is classically thought to be driven by the need to gather enough energy reserves to survive each night. A separate line of research has shown that sociality is a major driver in winter foraging activities in many species. Here, we use wintering birds as a study system to move towards an integrative understanding of the influence of energy requirements and sociality on foraging ecology. We used RFID-enabled feeders in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA in January-March 2019 to measure foraging activity in two species (downy woodpecker, <i>Picoides pubescens</i>, and white-breasted nuthatches, <i>Sitta carolinensis</i>). We analyzed the relationship between overnight temperature and morning foraging activity and found that lowest overnight temperature was negatively correlated with morning visitation at feeders. We then used a network approach to ask if flock associations explain similarity in birds' foraging activity. In both species, individuals with stronger associations in a social network were more likely to share similar feeder activity, and an index of social partners' activity explained foraging activity better than overnight temperature. This brings forth new questions about the interplay between individual response to temperature and social factors in shaping how small animals cope with harsh winter conditions.
Limiting scaring activities reduces economic costs associated with foraging barnacle geese: results from an individual-based model
<ol> <li>With increasing numbers of large grazing birds on agricultural grassland, conflict with farmers is rising. One management approach to alleviate conflict allows foraging on dedicated agricultural land (accommodation areas) and nature reserves, combined with scaring on remaining agricultural land. Here, we examine the cost-effectiveness of these measures by studying the influence on barnacle goose distribution and associated economic damage.</li> <li>We present an individual/agent-based model of barnacle geese (<em>Branta</em> <em>leucopsis</em>) foraging on grasslands in Fryslân, the Netherlands. The model is parameterized using field observations and GPS-tracks and allows simulation of management scenarios, differing in scaring probability and accommodation area size, with different potential management costs. </li> <li>Our model shows that, while yield loss decreases with higher scaring probabilities, costs of damage appraisal increase because geese graze on more fields. With small accommodation areas, achieving high scaring probabilities takes more effort and could result in goose population decline. Total management costs are lowest without scaring activity. </li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>: Considering costs of active scaring and the need to maintain the barnacle goose population in a favourable conservation status, our model suggests that the most cost-effective scenario is to prevent disturbance of geese. A high scaring probability could be beneficial if applied in small areas, for example around sensitive crops or airfields. Scaring in large areas could result in costs outweighing benefits and a declining barnacle goose population.</li> </ol>
Adolescence is characterized by more sedentary behavior and less physical activity even among highly active forager-farmers
<p>Over 80% of adolescents worldwide are insufficiently active, posing massive public health and economic challenges. Declining physical activity (PA) and sex differences in PA consistently accompany transitions from childhood to adulthood in post-industrialized populations and are often attributed to psychosocial and environmental factors. An overarching evolutionary theoretical framework and data from pre-industrialized populations are lacking. This cross-sectional study tests hypotheses from life history theory, that adolescent PA is inversely related to age, but this association is mediated by Tanner stage, reflecting higher and sex-specific energetic demands for growth and reproductive maturation. Detailed measures of PA and pubertal maturation are assessed among Tsimane forager-farmers (age: 7–22 yrs.; 50% female, n=110). Most Tsimane sampled (71%) meet World Health Organization PA guidelines (≥60 minutes/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA). Like post-industrialized populations, sex differences and inverse age-activity associations were observed. Tanner stage significantly mediated age-activity associations. Adolescence presents difficulties to PA engagement that warrant further consideration in PA intervention approaches to improve public health.</p>
Data from: Effects of pasture and forest microclimatic conditions on the foraging activity of leaf-cutting ants
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Adolescence is characterized by more sedentary behavior and less physical activity even among highly active forager-farmers
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Data from: Marine subsidies change short-term foraging activity and habitat utilization of terrestrial lizards
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Data from: Crossing the line: tunas actively exploit submesoscale fronts to enhance foraging success
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Data from: Tillage and herbicide reduction mitigate the gap between conventional and organic farming effects on foraging activity of insectivorous bats
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Limiting scaring activities reduces economic costs associated with foraging barnacle geese: results from an individual-based model
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.