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9 results for “foreshocks”
Data for "Excitation of Low- and High-frequency Magnetosonic Whistler Waves Associated with SLAMS in the Terrestrial Foreshock" by Yao et al.
<p>The database includes the plasma data used in instability analyses and the theoretical analysis results based on the linear model.</p> <h3>Captions:</h3> <div><strong>Plasma_input.mat</strong> file is the plasma data used in the instability analyses, which is used to plot Figure 2a-2d.</div> <ul> <li><strong><em>B</em></strong>: magnetic field strength</li> <li><strong><em>n</em></strong>: plasma number density</li> <li><strong><em>Te_para</em></strong>: parallel electron temperature</li> <li><strong><em>Te_perp</em></strong>: perpendicular electron temperature</li> <li><strong><em>Tp</em></strong>: proton temperature</li> </ul> <div> </div> <div><strong>WWs_theo_predictions.mat</strong> file is the calculation result of linear growth rate and wave frequency. The results are used to plot Figure 2e and 2f.</div> <ul> <li><strong><em>f_theo</em></strong>: wave frequency in theoretical predictions</li> <li><strong><em>gamma_theo</em></strong>: growth rate in theoretical predictions</li> </ul>
Database of Short Large-Amplitude Magnetic Structures (SLAMS) detected by spacecraft 1 of the Cluster mission in the foreshock of Earth
<p>Database of Short Large-Amplitude Magnetic Structures (SLAMS) detected in the foreshock of Earth by spacecraft 1 of the Cluster mission between the years 2002-2012.</p> <p>An automated algorithm has been used for SLAMS identification followed by a manual verification process to remove bow shock oscillations and other false detections. SLAMS have been defined to have an amplitude of at least two times the background magnetic field. </p> <p>More details on the creation of the database are given in the following publication:</p> <p><span><span lang="EN-US">Bergman, S.</span></span><span lang="EN-US">, Karlsson, T., Wong Chan, T. K., & Trollvik, H. (2025). Statistical properties of Short Large</span><span lang="EN-US">‐</span><span lang="EN-US">Amplitude Magnetic Structures (SLAMS) in the foreshock of Earth from Cluster measurements. <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics</em>, 130. </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033568"><span lang="EN-US">https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033568</span></a></p> <p>Contact: S. Bergman, sofiabergmanphd@gmail.com </p>
The 2009 Mw6.1 L'Aquila normal fault system imaged by 64,051 high-precision foreshock and aftershock locations.
<p>The earthquake catalogue is composed by 64,051 high-precision foreshock and aftershock recorded during the Mw6.1 2009 L'Aquila (Central Italy) normal faulting seismic sequence. The catalog includes events occurred between 1<sup>st</sup> of January and 31<sup>st</sup> December 2009. The completeness magnitude is 0.7. Earthquake locations were obtained by combining an automatic picking procedure for P and S waves, together with cross-correlation and double-difference location methods. </p> <p>Seismic data were recorded at a very dense local network composed of 67 three-component seismic stations (20 permanent stations of the Italian National Network located within 80 km from the epicentral area and 47 temporary stations installed soon after the occurrence of the main shock [Margheriti et al., 2011]). </p> <p>Earthquakes were extracted by the continuous recordings by applying a detection algorithm to all stations, based on the classical STA/LTA coincidence-sum algorithm applied to the trace of the 3C covariance matrix. To these events, we applied an automatic picking algorithm (Manneken Pix) [Di Stefano et al., 2006] able to provide about 1.9 million P-wave and 503,000 S-wave accurate readings, with an estimation of the measurement errors. </p> <p>We applied a time domain cross-correlation method (Schaff and Waldhauser, 2005) to all event pairs with separation distances ≤ 5 km at all stations that recorded the pair. Seismograms were filtered in the 1-15 Hz frequency range using a 4 pole, zero phase band‐pass Butterworth filter. We selected measurements with correlation coefficients greater than 0.85, resulting in a total of ~190 million P and ~85 million S-wave delay times. </p> <p>Earthquakes were located following a two steps procedure. Initial locations for 133,236 events were computed with the Hypoellipse code [Lahr , 1989] using a 1D P-wave gradient velocity model optimized for the area [Chiaraluce et al., 2011]. In the second step, we computed relative locations by applying the large scale double-difference method described in Waldhauser and Schaff, (2008) to the catalog picks and phase delay times measured from waveform cross correlation. The entire dataset was sub-divided in 84 rectangular overlapping boxes, containing a maximum of 3000 earthquakes, orthogonal to the mean strike of the seismic sequence. Resulting relative locations from all boxes were combined into a single catalog, computing the weighted mean of double hypocenters in the overlapping regions (Waldhauser and Schaff, 2008). </p> <p>The final double-difference catalog includes 64,051 events. A subset made of 51,271 earthquakes (i.e., 80% of the whole dataset) indicates highly correlated earthquakes, having at least 10 P-waves and 5 S-waves correlated phases with at least one other event. Highly correlated events (flag=1 in the attached file) mostly occur on the major fault segments, while poorly correlated earthquakes (flag=0 in the attached file) mostly occur in the volume around the major faults.</p> <p>The attached file is a plain text with ";" separator and .csv extension.</p> <p>Here below the header is explained.</p> <p><strong>id_dd: </strong>the hypoDD unique event identifier</p> <p><strong>origin_time: </strong>date of the origin time in the format YYYY-MM-DD[T]hh:mm:ss.msec</p> <p><strong>lat</strong>: hypocenter latitude expressed in degrees </p> <p><strong>lon</strong>: hypocenter longitude east of Greenwich, expressed in degrees</p> <p><strong>dep</strong>: hypocenter depth expressed in km </p> <p><strong>mag</strong>: magnitude (pure number)</p> <p><strong>flag</strong>:<strong> </strong>1 for highly correlated earthquakes; 0 for poorly correlated earthquakes. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Impact of Upper-Plate Faulting on Megathrust Foreshocks: Insights from the 2014 Iquique Earthquake
<p>Data set from the work: <strong>Impact of Upper-Plate Faulting on Megathrust Foreshocks: Insights from the 2014 Iquique Earthquake</strong>. DOI:</p> <p>input_files.tar.gz contains all the files (params, mesh, fault geomtry) necessary to run the python codes that will create the in.param files to be run using UniCyclE.</p> <p>in-param-files.tar.gz contains the in.param, rfaults.flt.2d, volume.ned, volume.trv. All these files will be used to run UniCyclE for each mnodel.</p> <p>vel_SAM.dat are the coseismic displacement of the continuous GPS stations that captured the Mw8.1 2014 Iquique earthquake, relative to South America.</p> <p>20_temp.csv is the temperature model used to compute the thermally activated viscoelastic behavior in the continental and oceanic mantle using a power creep law. </p> <p>the grl_codes.zip contains all the data and a jupyter notebook to process the results from the model in the same way as it is done in the paper in Figure 3.</p>
Foreshock Activity Promoted by Locally Elevated Loading Rate on a 4-meter-long Laboratory Fault
<p>Experimental data and event catalog used for the study "Foreshock Activity Promoted by Locally Elevated Loading Rate on a 4-meter-long Laboratory Fault"</p>
Dataset for Electron heating associated with magnetic reconnection in foreshock waves: particle-in-cell simulation analysis
<p>The dataset is the simulation data included in the paper of "Electron heating associated with magnetic reconnection in foreshock waves: particle-in-cell simulation analysis".</p> <p>pic_data....zip (4 files) contain PIC simulation data in the binary format.<br> pic_data_x120-180_y-30-0_part1.zip and pic_data_x120-180_y-30-0_part2.zip are for the sub-domain of x=120~180 di, y=-30~0 di<br> pic_data_x120-180_y30-60_part1.zip and pic_data_x120-180_y30-60_part2.zip are for x=120~180 di, y=30~60 di.<br> For each file, the prefix (e.g., bx, ey, ne, etc.) indicates the quantity. The number in the suffix indicates the time step in units of omega_pe^-1, where 3733 omega_pe^-1 corresponds to 0.5 omega_ci^-1. <br> Each file contains float data arrays with a size of 6272x3136x1, corresponding to x-y dimensions. Data can be read by softwares like IDL, python, Matlab, etc, using the standard data reading method.</p> <p>fermi_dat.zip contains data for the Fermi decomposition calculations shown in Figure 8. Each file is for one event. The 3 columns are for time (twci), Fermi_xy, and Fermi_z. Fermi_xy and Fermi_z are for the unit area, and the total Fermi term is equal to Fermi_xy+Fermi_z.</p> <p>je_te_dat.zip contains data for Te and je.E decomposition, used to produce Figures 4 and 6. Each file is for one event, where the region is shown in the filename. The columns are:</p> <p>time (in twci),</p> <p>number of X-lines in the region,</p> <p>total je.E (integrated over the area),</p> <p>jepara.Epara,</p> <p>jeperp.Eperp,</p> <p>sum of the perpendicular jeperp.Eperp decompositions (ideally should be equal to jeperp.Eperp value),</p> <p>Fermi,</p> <p>Betatron,</p> <p>magnetization,</p> <p>demagnetized (jeperp.Eperp in regions with K<1),</p> <p>average Te over the area,</p> <p>delta_Te/miVA^2 where delta_Te is the average Te over the area subtracting the minimum Te in the area, and VA is based on the average |B| and n in the area</p> <p>delta_Te/miVA^2, where delta_Te is the same as above, and VA is based on the magnetic field amplitude in the x-y plane</p> <p>average Te over 2di x 2di surrounding X-line</p> <p>delta_Te/miVA^2, where delta_Te is the average Te over 2dix2di subtracting the minimum Te in the area, and VA is based on average |B| and n in the area</p> <p>average Te over 2dex2de surrounding X-line</p> <p>delta_Te/miVA^2, where dleta_Te is the average Te over 2dex2de subtracting the minimum Te in the area, and VA is based on the magnetic field amplitude in the x-y plane</p> <p>delta_Te/miVA^2, where dleta_Te is the average Te over 2dex2de subtracting the minimum Te in the area, and VA is based on the average |B| and n in the area</p> <p>average |B| in the area</p> <p>average magnetic field amplitude in the x-y plane</p> <p>average density n</p> <p>minimum Te in the area</p> <p> </p> <p>je_te_norx_dat.zip contains Te and je.E data for non-reconnection current sheets. The format is the same with je_te_dat.zip</p> <p>thickness_data_plots.zip contains plots for individual current sheets at the time with a minimum thickness. The filename contains information about the current sheet, for example:</p> <p>cs_te_twci15.5_x45.292_y8.184_dte-1.07_d3.2_dve6.1_jm0.23.png</p> <p>means it is at the time twci=15.5, the X-line location is at x=45.292di, y=8.184 di, delta_Te/miVA^2 is -1.07%, where we take a cut along N across the X-line, delta_Te is the difference between the average Te in the current sheet and that just outside of the current sheet, and VA is based on the inflow parameters outside of the current sheets on both sides of the current sheet. The thickness of the current sheet is 3.2 de. The VeL shear flow at the edges of the current sheet is 6.1 VA, and the maximum jz is 0.23. The thickness information is used for plotting Figure 10.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Wide sensitive area of small foreshocks
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Formation of foreshock transients and associated secondary shocks
<p>Supplementary videos displaying the phase spaces of different plasma components in <strong>Formation of foreshock transients and associated secondary shocks</strong>.</p> <p>Arxiv link: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.03245">https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.03245</a></p> <p>The directory structure is as follows:</p> <p>1) supplemental_video_1.mp4: The evolution of phase space of ambient ions.</p> <p>2) supplemental_video_2.mp4: The evolution of electron phase space density and magnetic field.</p> <p>3) supplemental_video_3.mp4: The location of hot ions relative to the compressional boundary.<br> </p>
2018 foreshocks
<p>This is Video S1, supplementary material to a paper submission at journal Sensors, MDPI. Paper title Short-term foreshocks control mainshock timing andrupture: the Mw6.8 25 October 2018 Zakynthos earthquake, Hellenic Subduction Zone.</p>
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