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20 results for “forest and landscape restoration”
Presence observations for six tree species prioritized for forest landscape restoration in Ethiopia
<p><strong>Description:</strong></p><p>Geolocations of presence occurrences for a selection of six species (<i>Cordia africana</i>, <i>Croton macrostachyus</i>, <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i>, <i>Faidherbia albida</i>, <i>Grevillea robusta</i>, <i>Juniperus procera</i>) sourced from databases (GBIF, RAINBIO) and from the scientific literature.</p><p>Each record is associated with a DOI, link, or citation to the original source of the data. Observations were filtered using the R package <i>CoordinatesCleaner</i> (Zizka <i>et al</i>. 2019) with the <i>clean_coordinates </i>function to filter for errors that are common to biological collections.</p><p>The breakdown of the number of observations by species is: <i>Cordia africana</i> (84); <i>Croton macrostachyus</i> (129); <i>Eucalyptus globulus (</i>20); <i>Faidherbia albida </i>(31); <i>Grevillea robusta </i>(350); <i>Juniperus procera </i>(115).</p>
Data from: A new approach to map landscape variation in forest restoration success in tropical and temperate forest biomes
1. A high level of variation of biodiversity recovery within a landscape during forest restoration presents obstacles to ensure large scale, cost-effective, and long-lasting ecological restoration. There is an urgent need to predict landscape variation in forest restoration success at a global scale. 2. We conducted a meta-analysis comprising 135 study landscapes to predict and map landscape variation in forest restoration success in tropical and temperate forest biomes. Our analysis was based on the amount of forest cover within a landscape – a key driver of forest restoration success. We contrasted 17 generalized linear models measuring forest cover at different landscape sizes (with buffers varying from 5 to 200 km radii). We identified the most plausible model to predict and map landscape variation in forest restoration success. We then weighted landscape variation by the amount of potentially restorable areas (agriculture and pasture land areas) within the same landscape. Finally, we estimated restoration costs of implementing Bonn Challenge commitments in three specific temperate and tropical forest biome types in USA, Brazil and Uganda. 3. Landscape variation decreased exponentially as the amount of forest cover increased in the landscape, with stronger effects within a 5 km radius. Thirty-eight percent of forest biomes have landscapes with more than 27% of forest cover and showed levels of landscape variation below 10%. Landscapes with less than 6% of forest cover showed levels of variation in forest restoration success above 50%. 4. At the biome level, Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests had the lowest (12.6%), while Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests had the highest (22.9%) average of weighted landscape variation in forest restoration success. Our approach can lead to a reduction in implementation costs for each Bonn Challenge commitment between US$ 973 Mi and 9.9 Bi. 5. Policy implications. Our approach identifies landscape characteristics that increase the likelihood of biodiversity recovery during forest restoration – and potentially the chances of natural regeneration and long-term ecological sustainability and functionality. Identifying areas with low levels of landscape variation can help to reduce the risks and financial costs associated with implementing ambitious restoration commitments.
A new approach to map landscape variation in forest restoration success in tropical and temperate forest biomes
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Landscape conservation as a strategy for recovering biodiversity: lessons from a long-term program of pasture restoration in the southern Atlantic Forest
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span>Although ecological restoration has entered the global agenda to reverse different anthropogenic disturbances, we still know little about how this solution interacts with other conservation strategies, to avoid the progressive loss of species and ecosystem services. </span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span>Here we evaluate one of the pioneering restoration programs in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, where the combination of conservation and restoration efforts have been carried out for 20 years. Specifically, we tested how landscape characteristics, restoration strategies <span class="msoDel"> </span>and environmental characteristics affect the results of the restoration of pastures. </span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span>We established 65 circular plots (total 4.0 ha) along restoration areas (3-10 years) and sampled trees and shrubs composing the canopy (DBH <u>></u> 5cm) and understory (DBH< 5cm, height > 1.3m). We analyzed the landscape metrics (proportion of old-growth forests in 200 m, 500m and 1000m buffers around each plot; and area and distance of the nearest-neighboring old-growth forests). We explored the multiple effects of landscape, restoration strategy (reforestation, natural regeneration) and environmental variables (soil, pasture grass types) on the species composition and multiple diversity metrics of restoration areas. </span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span>The species composition was very similar among restoration ages and restoration strategies. We found positive and strong effects of old-growth forest (200 m buffer) proportion on the species richness and Shannon diversity (canopy and understory), aboveground biomass (canopy) and functional diversity (understory) of restoration areas. The restoration strategies affected forest structure, and, in general, the reforestation strategy increased aboveground biomass, Shannon, functional and phylogenetic diversities (in canopy), and percentage of endemic species and biomass (understory), when compared to natural regeneration. </span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span>The 20 year-experience in the southern Atlantic Forest showed that programs focused on landscape conservation associated with a mixture of restoration strategies (i.e. natural regeneration in larger areas and active restoration in more disturbed sites)<span class="msoDel"> </span>, can be an efficient strategy to ensure biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical landscapes.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis and applications</span><span>: To manage degraded tropical lands and achieve global targets for biodiversity and ecosystem services, it is necessary to first ensure the conservation of natural remnants and then use multiple restoration strategies in less resilient areas.</span></p>
Data from: A landscape approach for optimizing the cost-effectiveness of large-scale forest restoration
<p>This is a complete dataset for achieving results of the manuscript "<strong>A landscape approach for optimizing the cost-effectiveness of large-scale forest restoration</strong>". </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p> <ol> <li>Achieving global targets for forest restoration will require cost-effective strategies to return agricultural land to forest, while minimizing implementation costs and negative outcomes for agricultural production.</li> <li>We present a landscape approach for optimizing the cost-effectiveness of large-scale forest restoration. Across three different landscapes within Brazil's Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, we modelled landscape scenarios based on spatially-explicit data on the probability of natural regeneration, restoration costs, land opportunity costs, and forest restoration outcomes for increasing carbon stocking and landscape connectivity<em>.</em> We compare benefits of our cost-reduction approach to the legally mandated riparian restoration and randomly distributed approaches.</li> <li>Compared with riparian prioritization and considering both implementation and opportunity costs, our cost-reduction scenario produced the greatest savings (20.9%) in mechanized agricultural landscapes.</li> <li>When only considering implementation costs, our cost-reduction scenario led to the highest savings (38.4%) in the landscape with highest forest cover where natural regeneration potential is highest and enables cost-effective carbon stocking and connectivity.</li> </ol> <p><em>Synthesis and applications.</em> We present a guide for forest restoration planning that maximizes specific outcomes with minimal costs and reduction of agricultural production. Furthermore, we show how policies could encourage prioritization of low-cost restoration via natural regeneration, increasing cost-effectiveness. While our study focuses on Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, the approach can be parameterized for other regions.</p> <p><strong>Resumo:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Atingir metas globais para a restauração florestal exigirá estratégias economicamente viáveis para transformar terras agrícolas em floresta, minimizando custos de implementação e os resultados negativos para a produção agrícola.</li> <li>Apresentamos uma abordagem de paisagem para otimizar a relação custo-eficácia da restauração florestal em larga escala. Em três diferentes paisagens, no Bioma da Mata Atlântica, modelamos cenários baseados em dados espacialmente explícitos sobre a probabilidade de regeneração natural, custos de restauração, custos de oportunidade da terra e resultados de restauração florestal com o objetivo de aumentar o estoque de carbono e a conectividade da paisagem. Por fim, comparamos os benefícios da nossa abordagem de redução de custos com a tradicional abordagem de restauração da paisagem em zonas ripárias (áreas de preservação permanente) e abordagens de espacialidade aleatoriamente distribuídas.</li> <li>Comparado com a priorização ripária e considerando os custos de implementação e de oportunidade, nosso cenário de redução de custos produziu as maiores economias (20,9%) em paisagens agrícolas mecanizadas.</li> <li>Ao considerar apenas os custos de implementação, nosso cenário de redução de custos levou à maior economia (38,4%) na paisagem com maior cobertura florestal, onde o potencial de regeneração natural é maior e permite uma melhor relação de custo-oportunidade no estoque de carbono e na conectividade da paisagem.</li> </ol> <p><em>Síntese e aplicações.</em> Apresentamos aqui um guia para o planejamento de restauração florestal que maximiza resultados específicos com redução de custos e mínima influência na produção agrícola. Além disso, mostramos como políticas públicas poderiam incentivar a priorização da restauração de baixo custo via regeneração natural, aumentando a relação custo-benefício. Enquanto nosso estudo se concentra na Mata Atlântica do Brasil, a abordagem pode ser parametrizada para outras regiões.</p>
Immigration credit of temperate forest herbs in fragmented landscapes – implications for restoration of habitat connectivity
<p>1. In many agricultural landscapes, it is important to restore networks of forests to provide habitat and stepping stones for forest specialist taxa. More knowledge is, however, needed on how to facilitate the immigration of such taxa in restored forest patches. Here, we present the first chronosequence study to quantify the dynamics of immigration credits of forest specialist plants in post-arable forest patches.</p> <p>2. We studied the distribution of herbaceous forest specialist plant species in 54 post-arable broadleaved forest patches along gradients of age (20-140 years since forest establishment), distance from ancient forest (0-2600 m) and patch area (0.5-9.6 ha). With Linear Mixed Models we estimated the effects of these factors on species richness, patch means of four dispersal-related plant traits and with Generalized Linear Models on the occurrence of 20 individual species.</p> <p>3. Post-arable forest patch age and spatial isolation from ancient forest, but not patch size, were important predictors for species richness of forest specialists, suggesting that also small patches are valuable for habitat connectivity. Compared to species richness in ancient forest stands, the immigration credit was reduced by more than 90% after 80 years in post-arable forest patches contiguous to ancient forest compared to 40% after 80 years and 60% after 140 years in isolated patches (at least 100 m to next forest). Tall-growing species with adaptations to long-distance dispersal were faster colonizers while species with heavy diaspores and clonal growth were slower to colonize.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: We show that post-arable oak plantations have a high potential for restoration of forest herb vegetation. Dispersal-related plant traits play a key role in explaining interspecific differences among forest specialists. To facilitate forest herb immigration across all functional groups in agricultural landscapes, we suggest to create clusters of relatively small new forest patches nearby older forest with source populations.</p>
Landscape conservation as a strategy for recovering biodiversity: lessons from a long-term program of pasture restoration in the southern Atlantic Forest
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Understanding smallholder decision-making to increase farm tree diversity: Enablers and barriers for forest landscape restoration in Western Kenya
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Greater landscape-scale forest cover and animal-mediated seed dispersal syndromes associate with faster recovery rates in restoring tropical Andean forests
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Immigration credit of temperate forest herbs in fragmented landscapes – implications for restoration of habitat connectivity
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Data from: Corridors restore animal-mediated pollination in fragmented tropical forest landscapes
Tropical biodiversity and associated ecosystem functions have become heavily eroded through habitat loss. Animal-mediated pollination is required in >94% of higher tropical plant species and 75% of the world´s leading food crops, but it remains unclear if corridors avert deforestation-driven pollination breakdown in fragmented tropical landscapes. Here, we used manipulative resource experiments and field observations to show that corridors functionally connect neotropical forest fragments for forest-associated hummingbirds and increase pollen transfer. Further, corridors boosted forest-associated pollinator availability in fragments by 14.3 times compared to unconnected equivalents, increasing overall pollination success. Plants in patches without corridors showed pollination rates equal to bagged control flowers, indicating pollination failure in isolated fragments. This indicates, for the first time, that corridors benefit tropical forest ecosystems beyond boosting local species richness, by functionally connecting mutualistic network partners. We conclude that small-scale adjustments to landscape configuration safeguard native pollinators and associated pollination services in tropical forest landscapes.
Data from: Which landscape size best predicts the influence of forest cover on restoration success? – A global meta-analysis on the scale of effect
Landscape context is a strong predictor of species persistence, abundance and distribution, yet its influence on the success of ecological restoration remains unclear. Thus, a primary question arises: which landscape size best predicts the effects of forest cover on restoration success? To answer this question, we conducted a global meta-analysis for biodiversity (mammals, birds, invertebrates, herpetofauna and plants) and measures of vegetation structure (cover, density, height, biomass and litter). Response ratios were calculated for comparisons between reference (e.g. old-growth forest) and disturbed sites (degraded or restored). Using an information-theoretic approach, mean response ratio (restoration success) and response ratio variance (restoration predictability) within each study landscape were regressed against the percentage of overall (summed forest cover) and contiguous (summed pixels of ≥60% forest cover) forest within eight different buffer sizes of radius 5–200 km (at 1-km resolution). We included 247 studies encompassing 196 study landscapes and 4360 quantitative comparisons. The best buffer (landscape) size varied for the following: (i) overall and contiguous forest cover, (ii) biodiversity and vegetation structure and (iii) mean response ratio and response ratio variance. Only plant biodiversity was influenced by overall forest cover (buffer size of 5, 10 and 200 km radii), while plants (10 and 200 km radii), mammals (5, 10 and 50–200 km radii), invertebrates (5 and 10 km radii), cover (5 km radii), height (5 km radii) and litter (100 km radii) were influenced by contiguous forest cover. Overall, mean response ratio and response ratio variance were positively and negatively nonlinearly related with both overall and contiguous forest cover, respectively. We reveal for the first time a clear pattern of increasing restoration success and decreasing uncertainty as contiguous forest cover increases. We also indicate preliminary recommended buffer sizes for investigating landscape restoration effects on biodiversity and vegetation structure. However, the coarse grain and variability in the data mean the optimal landscape size may not have been detected; thus, further research is needed. Synthesis and applications. When setting targets for ecological restoration, policymakers and restoration practitioners should account for the following: (i) the landscape context, particularly the amount of contiguous habitat up to 10 km around a disturbed site, and (ii) the uncertainty in restoration success, as it increases when contiguous forest cover falls below about 50%.
Restoration priorities for Caatinga dry forests: landscape resilience, connectivity and biodiversity value
<p>1. Restoration actions can halt biodiversity loss and rescue its services. However, in order to be effective, priority areas for restoration should be chosen based on objective large-scale restoration planning. Here, a multi-criteria graph theory (GT) framework is proposed to indicate priority areas for active restoration, based on landscape resilience, landscape connectivity, and biodiversity conservation value, focusing on threatened endemic plant species.</p> <p>2. We applied this GT framework to 10,406 catchment basins of the Brazilian Caatinga, the largest seasonally dry tropical forest of the New World. Vegetation cover and within-catchment connectivity were used to identify catchments of intermediate landscape resilience, which in principle offer more effective opportunities for restoration. Then, such catchments were independently classified into (i) three classes according their value for between-catchment connectivity and (ii) three classes of biodiversity conservation value, based on richness of threatened, endemic plant species. By the integration of landscape resilience, landscape connectivity and biodiversity conservation values, three priority classes for restoration were generated.</p> <p>3. The multi-criteria framework generated several restoration priority cut-offs. Prioritization based on landscape resilience selected 36% of the Caatinga catchments as high priority for restoration. By independently adding landscape connectivity and biodiversity conservation value, only 12% and 3% of the catchments, respectively, were considered high priority. By combining all three criteria, 9% of the catchments were selected as high priority and less than 1% as top priority for restoration.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: The multicriteria GT framework for restoration prioritization, which maximizes the effectiveness of restoration actions, landscape connectivity for climate change adaptation and conservation of threatened species, can be applied worldwide under different budged limitations and spatial scales, being useful for private, state, and federal initiatives.</p>
Data from: Corridors restore animal-mediated pollination in fragmented tropical forest landscapes
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Data from: Applying landscape genomic tools to forest management and restoration of Hawaiian koa (Acacia koa) in a changing environment
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Restoration priorities for Caatinga dry forests: landscape resilience, connectivity and biodiversity value
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Data from: Which landscape size best predicts the influence of forest cover on restoration success? – A global meta-analysis on the scale of effect
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Data from: Local tropical forest restoration strategies affect tree recruitment more strongly than does landscape forest cover
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Data from: Restoration of forest resilience to fire from old trees is possible across a large Colorado dry-forest landscape by 2060, but only under the Paris 1.5 deg. C goal
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Data from: Landscape Context Mediates Avian Habitat Choice in Tropical Forest Restoration
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.