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19 results for “formic acid”
ECHAM5/MESSy v2.53.0 model (EMAC) formic acid and formaldehyde (2010-2012)
<p>The dataset includes netcdf files with daily and montly averaged formic acid (HCOOH), formaldehyde (HCHO) and methanediol (HOCH2OH) volume mixing ratio profiles, along with ancillary data (e.g., pressure), simulated by the chemistry-climate model ECHAM5/MESSy v2.53.0 (EMAC) over 2010-2012. The monthly averaged data files also include the carbon monoxide (CO) volume mixing ratio profiles and the yield of CO from methane (CH4) oxidation. The data are available on a T63 horizontal grid, i.e. with a spherical truncation of T63 (corresponding to a quadratic Gaussian grid of approximately 1.9° by 1.9°), with 31 vertical hybrid levels. Three simulations are provided: 1) EMAC(base) is a reference simulation, 2-3) EMAC(dioh) and EMAC(diol) are simulations with explicit cloud chemistry of formaldehyde.</p> <p>The Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) is continuously further developed and applied by a consortium of institutions. The usage of MESSy and access to the source code is licensed to all affiliates of institutions which are members of the MESSy Consortium. Institutions can become a member of the MESSy Consortium by signing the MESSy Memorandum of Understanding. More information can be found on the MESSy Consortium Web-site (<a href="http://www.messy-interface.org">http://www.messy-interface.org</a>). The modifications used to produce this dataset have been implemented based on MESSy v2.53.0. The exact source code used to produce the results is archived at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) in Jülich and can be made available to members of the MESSy community upon request.</p> <p>We encourage anyone who wants to use this dataset to contact the main developer Domenico Taraborrelli (d.taraborrelli@fz-juelich.de).</p>
FTIR measurements of formic acid (2010-2012)
<p>The ground-based Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) total column measurements of formic acid (HCOOH) reported here have been derived from high-resolution (between 0.004 and 0.011 cm<sup>-1</sup>) IR solar absorption spectra recorded regularly, under clear-sky conditions, at a suite of sites located at various latitudes. Most of them are affiliated with the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC; <a href="http://www.ndacc.org">http://www.ndacc.org</a>).</p> <p>End users of this data set are invited to contact the authors to make sure they are using the data properly and check about the possible availability of more recent products.</p>
Infrared Spectra and Optical Constants of Amorphous Isocyanic Acid, Formaldehyde, and Formic Acid
<p>Infrared spectra and optical constants from Hudson et al., 2024, ApJ 977 (1), 130. DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad8c43</p>
IASI/Metop-A formic acid total column measurements v3R (2010-2012)
<p>This dataset includes the formic acid (HCOOH) total columns (in molecules cm<sup>-2</sup>) obtained from the IASI/Metop-A satellite observations over 2010-2012, using the Artificial Neural Network for IASI (ANNI) v3R retrieval framework. The data are already filtered for clouds and poor measurement sensitivity. Description of the formic acid product and retrieval method can be found in Franco et al. (2018). Before the use of this dataset, please get in touch first with the main developers (Bruno Franco (bfranco@ulb.ac.be) and Lieven Clarisse (lclariss@ulb.ac.be) from which use advices and more recent product versions can be obtained.</p> <p>Franco, B., Clarisse, L., Stavrakou, T., Müller, J.-F., Van Damme,M., Whitburn, S., et al. (2018). A general framework for global retrievals of<br> trace gases from IASI: Application tomethanol, formic acid, and PAN. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123, 13,963–13,984. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029633</p>
Infographic : The WaterProof Project – Converting CO₂ into Formic Acid Through ElectroChemistry
<p><strong>The WaterProof Project</strong></p><p>The WaterProof project aims at developing an electrochemical process that converts CO₂ emission captured from consumer waste incineration and wastewater treatment facilities into formic acid to be used in valuable green consumer products such as cleaning detergents and the tanning of fish leather apparel. Additional products of the electrochemical process are peroxides that can be applied to remove pharmaceuticals and pesticides from wastewater. Furthermore, formic acid is used for the generation of acidic deep eutectic solvents (ADES), that can be applied to recover precious metals from wastewater sludge and incineration ashes. As the electrochemical process uses renewable energy, it contributes to a clean water cycle with zero-emission.</p><p>WaterProof enables the closing of the waste(water) carbon loop and the shift from fossil to renewable carbon sources. It hereby supports the transition towards a climate-neutral Europe and an effective and truly circular economy.</p><p><a href="https://waterproof-project.eu">https://waterproof-project.eu</a></p>
ECHAM5/MESSy v2.53.0 model (EMAC) formic acid along the Metop-A satellite overpass (2010-2012)
<p>The dataset includes netcdf files with daily formic acid (HCOOH) volume mixing ratio profiles and ancillary data (e.g., pressure) simulated by the chemistry-climate model ECHAM5/MESSy v2.53.0 (EMAC) over 2010-2012. It also includes the cloud and rain pH of large scale and convective clouds. The data are available on a T63 horizontal grid, i.e. with a spherical truncation of T63 (corresponding to a quadratic Gaussian grid of approximately 1.9° by 1.9°), with 31 vertical hybrid levels.The model outputs are sampled along the Sun-synchronous satellite Metop-A orbits at the time and location of the IASI measurements. Three simulations are provided: 1) EMAC(base) is a reference simulation, 2-3) EMAC(dioh) and EMAC(diol) are simulations with explicit cloud chemistry of formaldehyde.</p> <p>The Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) is continuously further developed and applied by a consortium of institutions. The usage of MESSy and access to the source code is licensed to all affiliates of institutions which are members of the MESSy Consortium. Institutions can become a member of the MESSy Consortium by signing the MESSy Memorandum of Understanding. More information can be found on the MESSy Consortium Web-site (<a href="http://www.messy-interface.org">http://www.messy-interface.org</a>). The modifications used to produce this dataset have been implemented based on MESSy v2.53.0. The exact source code used to produce the results is archived at the Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) in Jülich and can be made available to members of the MESSy community upon request.</p> <p>We encourage anyone who wants to use this dataset to contact the main developer Domenico Taraborrelli (d.taraborrelli@fz-juelich.de).</p>
Video: The WaterProof Project – Converting CO₂ into Formic Acid Through Electrochemistry
<p><strong>The WaterProof Project</strong></p><p>Converting CO₂ through electrochemistry. WaterProof aims at closing the waste(water) carbon loop by creating a novel biorefinery concept converting CO₂ emissions from urban waste treatment facilities into valuable green consumer-products. The objective is a technology resulting in a GHG reduction based on CO₂ utilization, replacement of fossil feedstock and industrial electrification.</p><p>The WaterProof project aims at developing an electrochemical process that converts CO₂ emission captured from consumer waste incineration and wastewater treatment facilities into formic acid to be used in valuable green consumer products such as cleaning detergents and the tanning of fish leather apparel. Additional products of the electrochemical process are peroxides that can be applied to remove pharmaceuticals and pesticides from wastewater. Furthermore, formic acid is used for the generation of acidic deep eutectic solvents (ADES), that can be applied to recover precious metals from wastewater sludge and incineration ashes. As the electrochemical process uses renewable energy, it contributes to a clean water cycle with zero-emission.</p><p>WaterProof enables the closing of the waste(water) carbon loop and the shift from fossil to renewable carbon sources. It hereby supports the transition towards a climate-neutral Europe and an effective and truly circular economy.</p><p><a href="https://waterproof-project.eu">https://waterproof-project.eu</a></p>
Photochemical aging of aerosols contributes significantly to the production of atmospheric formic acid
<p>The dataset includes field-observed data, model input data, and filter and solution experiment data.</p>
Data from: Wood ants produce a potent antimicrobial agent by applying formic acid on tree-collected resin
Wood ants fight pathogens by incorporating tree resin with antimicrobial properties into their nests. They also produce large quantities of formic acid in their venom gland, which they readily spray to defend or disinfect their nest. Mixing chemicals to produce powerful antibiotics is common practice in human medicine, yet evidence for the use of such "defensive cocktails" by animals remains scant. Here, we test the hypothesis that wood ants enhance the antifungal activity of tree resin by treating it with formic acid. In a series of experiments, we document that (i) tree resin had much higher inhibitory activity against the common entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum after having been in contact with ants, while no such effect was detected for other nest materials; (ii) wood ants applied significant amounts of endogenous formic and succinic acid on resin and other nest materials; and (iii) the application of synthetic formic acid greatly increased the antifungal activity of resin, but had no such effect when applied to inert glass material. Together, these results demonstrate that wood ants obtain an effective protection against a detrimental microorganism by mixing endogenous and plant-acquired chemical defenses. In conclusion, the ability to synergistically combine antimicrobial substances of diverse origins is not restricted to humans and may play an important role in insect societies.
Data for: Thermodynamics of the gas-phase dimerization of formic acid: fully anharmonic finite temperature calculations at the CCSD(T) and many DFT levels
<p>We provide data files needed to reproduce the MLPT calculations presented in work of Dávid Vrška, Michal Pitoňák and Tomáš Bučko: "Thermodynamics of the gas-phase dimerization of formic acid: Fully anharmonic finite temperature calculations at the CCSD(T) and many DFT levels" or to perform such calculation for any other electronic structure method not considered in mentioned work. In particular, the structural data are available in the standard xyz file format containing the atomic labels and atomic coordinates in Angstroms (Å), and the energies are provided as data files in a two-column format, where the items in the first column represent the identification numbers of each configuration and those in the second column are the corresponding energies in electronvolts (eV).</p>
Formic Acid Monomer and Dimer
<p>The deposited data sets were used to obtain representations<br> of potential energy surfaces (PESs) for formic acid monomer<br> (FAM) and dimer (FAD) molecules using a neural network of<br> the PhysNet type [1]. The PES are used to investigate the<br> vibrational dynamics of FAM and FAD using machine-learned<br> PESs at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ and transfer-learned to the<br> CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ levels of theory.</p> <p>The data sets contain structures for FAM, FAD (H-bonded<br> and two monomers) and different substructures including<br> H<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, CO, H<sub>3</sub>COH, H<sub>2</sub>CO. Reference data was calculated<br> at two different levels of quantum chemical theory. In total,<br> 26000 structures were calculated at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ<br> level of theory and 866 (425 for FAM and 441 for FAD)<br> at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The CCSD(T) data was<br> used for transfer learning. The ab initio calculations<br> of energies, forces and dipole moments were performed<br> using MOLPRO [2].</p> <p>For more details, see https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.08407v2</p> <p>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br> HOW TO CITE:</p> <p>When using this dataset, please cite the following paper:<br> Käser, S. and Meuwly, M.<br> "Transfer Learned Potential Energy Surfaces: Accurate Anharmonic Vibrational Dynamics<br> and Dissociation Energies for the Formic Acid Monomer and Dimer", arxiv.org/abs/2109.08407v2.</p> <p>and the digital object identifier (DOI):<br> Käser, S. and Meuwly, M. (2021).<br> Formic Acid Monomer and Dimer. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583206</p> <p>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>[1] Unke, O. T.; Meuwly, M. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 3678–3693<br> [2] Werner, H.-J.; Knowles, P. J.; Knizia, G.; Manby, F. R.; Schütz, M.; et al. https://www.molpro.net</p>
Data from: Wood ants produce a potent antimicrobial agent by applying formic acid on tree-collected resin
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for: Thermodynamics of the gas-phase dimerization of formic acid: fully anharmonic finite temperature calculations at the CCSD(T) and many DFT levels
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
TES/Aura L2 Formic Acid Lite Nadir V007
TL2FORLN_7 is the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)/Aura Level 2 Formic Acid Lite Nadir Version 7 data product. TES Level 2 data contain retrieved species (or temperature) profiles at the observation targets and the estimated errors. The geolocation, quality, and other data (e.g., surface characteristics for nadir observations) are also provided. L2 modeled spectra are evaluated using radiative transfer modeling algorithms. The process, referred to as retrieval, compares observed spectra to the modeled spectra and iteratively updates the atmospheric parameters. L2 standard product files include information for one molecular species (or temperature) for an entire global survey or special observation run. A global survey consists of a maximum of 16 consecutive orbits.A Nadir sequence within the TES Global Survey is a fixed number of observations within an orbit for a Global Survey. Prior to April 24, 2005, it consisted of two low resolution scans over the same ground locations. After April 24, 2005, Global Survey data consisted of three low resolution scans. The Nadir standard product consists of four files, where each file is composed of the Global Survey Nadir observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Nadir observations currently only use a single set of filter mix.A Global Survey consists of observations along 16 consecutive orbits at the start of a two day cycle, over which 3,200 retrievals are performed. Each observation is the input for retrievals of species Volume Mixing Ratios (VMR), temperature profiles, surface temperature and other data parameters with associated pressure levels, precision, total error, vertical resolution, total column density and other diagnostic quantities. Each TES Level 2 standard product reports information in a swath format conforming to the HDF-EOS Aura File Format Guidelines. Each Swath object is bounded by the number of observations in a global survey and a predefined set of pressure levels representing slices through the atmosphere. Each standard product can have a variable number of observations depending upon the Global Survey configuration and whether averaging is employed. Also, missing or bad retrievals are not reported.The organization of data within the Swath object is based on a superset of the UARS pressure levels used to report concentrations of trace atmospheric gases. The reporting grid is the same pressure grid used for modeling. There are 67 reporting levels from 1211.53 hPa, which allows for very high surface pressure conditions, to 0.1 hPa, about 65 km. In addition, the products will report values directly at the surface when possible or at the observed cloud top level. Thus in the Standard Product files each observation can potentially contain estimates for the concentration of a particular molecule at 67 different pressure levels within the atmosphere. However, for most retrieved profiles, the highest pressure levels are not observed due to a surface at lower pressure or cloud obscuration. For pressure levels corresponding to altitudes below the cloud top or surface, where measurements were not possible, a fill value will be applied. To minimize the duplication of information between the individual species standard products, data fields common to each species (such as spacecraft coordinates, emissivities, and other data fields) have been collected into a separate standard product, termed the TES L2 Ancillary Data product (ESDT short name: TL2ANC). Users of this product should also obtain the Ancillary Data product.
TES/Aura L2 Formic Acid Nadir V008
TL2FORN_8 is the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)/Aura Level 2 Formic Acid Nadir Version 8 data product.TES was an instrument aboard NASA's Aura satellite and was launched from California on July 15, 2004. Data collection for TES is complete. TES Level 2 data contain retrieved species (or temperature) profiles at the observation targets and the estimated errors. The geolocation, quality, and other data (e.g., surface characteristics for nadir observations) were also provided. L2 modeled spectra were evaluated using radiative transfer modeling algorithms. The process, referred to as retrieval, compared observed spectra to the modeled spectra and iteratively updated the atmospheric parameters. L2 standard product files included information for one molecular species (or temperature) for an entire global survey or special observation run. A global survey consisted of a maximum of 16 consecutive orbits.Nadir observations, which point directly to the surface of the Earth, are different from limb observations, which are pointed at various off-nadir angles into the atmosphere. Nadir and limb observations were added to separate L2 files, and a single ancillary file was composed of data that are common to both nadir and limb files. A Nadir sequence within the TES Global Survey was a fixed number of observations within an orbit for a Global Survey. Prior to April 24, 2005, it consisted of two low resolution scans over the same ground locations. After April 24, 2005, Global Survey data consisted of three low resolution scans. The Nadir standard product consists of four files, where each file is composed of the Global Survey Nadir observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Nadir observations only used a single set of filter mix. A Global Survey consisted of observations along 16 consecutive orbits at the start of a two day cycle, over which 3,200 retrievals were performed. Each observation was the input for retrievals of species Volume Mixing Ratios (VMRs), temperature profiles, surface temperature, and other data parameters with associated pressure levels, precision, total error, vertical resolution, total column density, and other diagnostic quantities. Each TES Level 2 standard product reported information in a swath format conforming to the HDF-EOS Aura File Format Guidelines. Each Swath object was bounded by the number of observations in a global survey and a predefined set of pressure levels representing slices through the atmosphere. Each standard product could have had a variable number of observations depending upon the Global Survey configuration and whether averaging was employed. Also, missing or bad retrievals were not reported. Further, observations were occasionally scheduled on non-global survey days. In general they were measurements made for validation purposes or with highly focused science objectives. Those non-global survey measurements were referred to as “special observations”A Limb sequence within the TES Global Survey was three high-resolution scans over the same limb locations. The Limb standard product consists of four files, where each file is composed of the Global Survey Limb observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Limb observations used a repeating sequence of filter wheel positions. Special Observations could only be scheduled during the 9 or 10 orbit gaps in the Global Surveys, and were conducted in any of three basic modes: stare, transect, step-and-stare. The mode used depended on the science requirement. Each limb observation Limb 1, Limb 2 and Limb 3, were processed independently. Thus, each limb standard product consisted of three sets where each set consisted of 1,152 observations. For TES, the swath object represented one of these sets. Thus, each limb standard product consisted of three swath objects, one for each observation, Limb 1, Limb 2, and Limb 3. The organization of data within the Swath object was based on a superset of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) pressure levels used to report concentrations of trace atmospheric gases. The reporting grid was the same pressure grid used for modeling. There were 67 reporting levels from 1211.53 hPa, which allowed for very high surface pressure conditions, to 0.1 hPa, about 65 km. In addition, the products reported values directly at the surface when possible or at the observed cloud top level. Thus in the Standard Product files, each observation could potentially contain estimates for the concentration of a particular molecule at 67 different pressure levels within the atmosphere. However, for most retrieved profiles, the highest pressure levels were not observed due to a surface at lower pressure or cloud obscuration. For pressure levels corresponding to altitudes below the cloud top or surface, where measurements were not possible, a fill value was applied.To minimize the duplication
TES/Aura L2 Formic Acid Nadir Special Observation V008
TL2FORNS_8 is the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)/Aura Level 2 Formic Acid Nadir Special Observation Version 8 data product. TES was an instrument aboard NASA's Aura satellite and was launched from California on July 15, 2004. Data collection for TES is complete. TES Level 2 data contains retrieved species (or temperature) profiles at the observation targets and the estimated errors. The geolocation, quality, and other data (e.g., surface characteristics for nadir observations) were also provided. L2 modeled spectra were evaluated using radiative transfer modeling algorithms. The process, referred to as retrieval, compared observed spectra to the modeled spectra and iteratively updated the atmospheric parameters. L2 standard product files included information for one molecular species (or temperature) for an entire global survey or special observation run. A global survey consisted of a maximum of 16 consecutive orbits. A nadir sequence within the TES Global Survey was a fixed number of observations within an orbit for a Global Survey. Prior to April 24, 2005, it consisted of two low resolution scans over the same ground locations. After April 24, 2005, Global Survey data consisted of three low resolution scans. The Nadir standard product consisted of four files, where each file was composed of the Global Survey Nadir observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Nadir observations only used a single set of filter mix. A Global Survey consisted of observations along 16 consecutive orbits at the start of a two day cycle, over which 3,200 retrievals were performed. Each observation was the input for retrievals of species volume mixing ratios (VMRs), temperature profiles, surface temperature and other data parameters with associated pressure levels, precision, total error, vertical resolution, total column density, and other diagnostic quantities. Each TES Level 2 standard product reported information in a swath format conforming to the HDF-EOS Aura File Format Guidelines. Each Swath object was bounded by the number of observations in a global survey and a predefined set of pressure levels representing slices through the atmosphere. Each standard product could have had a variable number of observations depending upon the Global Survey configuration and whether averaging is employed. Also, missing or bad retrievals were not reported. The organization of data within the Swath object was based on a superset of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) pressure levels that was used to report concentrations of trace atmospheric gases. The reporting grid was the same pressure grid used for modeling. There were 67 reporting levels from 1211.53 hPa, which allowed for very high surface pressure conditions, to 0.1 hPa, about 65 km. In addition, the products reported values directly at the surface when possible or at the observed cloud top level. Thus in the Standard Product files each observation could potentially contain estimates for the concentration of a particular molecule at 67 different pressure levels within the atmosphere. However, for most retrieved profiles, the highest pressure levels were not observed due to a surface at lower pressure or cloud obscuration. For pressure levels corresponding to altitudes below the cloud top or surface, where measurements were not possible, a fill value was applied.To minimize the duplication of information between the individual species standard products, data fields common to each species (such as spacecraft coordinates, emissivity, and other data fields) have been collected into a separate standard product, termed the TES L2 Ancillary Data product (ESDT short name: TL2ANC). Users of this product should also obtain the Ancillary Data product.
TES/Aura L2 Formic Acid Nadir Special Observation V007
TL2FORNS_7 is the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)/Aura Level 2 Formic Acid Nadir Special Observation Version 7 data product. It consists of information for one molecular species for an entire Global Survey or Special Observation. TES was an instrument aboard NASA's Aura satellite and was launched from California on July 15, 2004. Data collection for TES is complete. TES Level 2 data contain retrieved species (or temperature) profiles at the observation targets and the estimated errors. The geolocation, quality, and other data (e.g., surface characteristics for nadir observations) were also provided. L2 modeled spectra were evaluated using radiative transfer modeling algorithms. The process, referred to as retrieval, compared observed spectra to the modeled spectra and iteratively updated the atmospheric parameters. L2 standard product files included information for one molecular species (or temperature) for an entire global survey or special observation run. A global survey consisted of a maximum of 16 consecutive orbits. Nadir observations, which point directly to the surface of the Earth, are different from limb observations, which are pointed at various off-nadir angles into the atmosphere. Nadir and limb observations were added to separate L2 files, and a single ancillary file was composed of data that are common to both nadir and limb files. A Nadir sequence within the TES Global Survey was a fixed number of observations within an orbit for a Global Survey. Prior to April 24, 2005, it consisted of two low resolution scans over the same ground locations. After April 24, 2005, Global Survey data consisted of three low resolution scans. The Nadir standard product consists of four files, where each file is composed of the Global Survey Nadir observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Nadir observations only used a single set of filter mix. A Global Survey consisted of observations along 16 consecutive orbits at the start of a two day cycle, over which 4,608 retrievals were performed. Each observation was the input for retrievals of species Volume Mixing Ratios (VMRs), temperature profiles, surface temperature, and other data parameters with associated pressure levels, precision, total error, vertical resolution, total column density, and other diagnostic quantities. Each TES Level 2 standard product reported information in a swath format conforming to the HDF-EOS Aura File Format Guidelines. Each Swath object was bounded by the number of observations in a global survey and a predefined set of pressure levels, representing slices through the atmosphere. Each standard product could have had a variable number of observations depending upon the Global Survey configuration and whether averaging was employed. Also, missing or bad retrievals were not reported. Further, observations were occasionally scheduled on non-global survey days. In general they were measurements made for validation purposes or with highly focused science objectives. Those non-global survey measurements were referred to as “special observations.” A Limb sequence within the TES Global Survey was three high-resolution scans over the same limb locations. The Limb standard product consists of four files, where each file is composed of the Global Survey Limb observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Limb observations used a repeating sequence of filter wheel positions. Special Observations could only be scheduled during the 9 or 10 orbit gaps in the Global Surveys, and were conducted in any of three basic modes: stare, transect, step-and-stare. The mode used depended on the science requirement. Each limb observation Limb 1, Limb 2 and Limb 3, were processed independently. Thus, each limb standard product consisted of three sets where each set consisted of 1,152 observations. For TES, the swath object represented one of these se
TES/Aura L2 Formic Acid Lite Nadir V006
Atmospheric vertical profile estimates and associated errors including the mapping matrix to relate the reduced-size retrieval vectors, covariances, and averaging kernels back to the TES forward model pressure grid.
TES/Aura L2 Formic Acid Nadir V007
TL2FORN_7 is the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)/Aura Level 2 Formic Acid Nadir Version 7 data product. It consists of information for one molecular species for an entire Global Survey or Special Observation. TES was an instrument aboard NASA's Aura satellite and was launched from California on July 15, 2004. Data collection for TES is complete. TES Level 2 data contain retrieved species (or temperature) profiles at the observation targets and the estimated errors. The geolocation, quality, and other data (e.g., surface characteristics for nadir observations) were also provided. L2 modeled spectra were evaluated using radiative transfer modeling algorithms. The process, referred to as retrieval, compared observed spectra to the modeled spectra and iteratively updated the atmospheric parameters. L2 standard product files included information for one molecular species (or temperature) for an entire global survey or special observation run. A global survey consisted of a maximum of 16 consecutive orbits. Nadir observations, which point directly to the surface of the Earth, are different from limb observations, which are pointed at various off-nadir angles into the atmosphere. Nadir and limb observations were added to separate L2 files, and a single ancillary file was composed of data that are common to both nadir and limb files. A Nadir sequence within the TES Global Survey was a fixed number of observations within an orbit for a Global Survey. Prior to April 24, 2005, it consisted of two low resolution scans over the same ground locations. After April 24, 2005, Global Survey data consisted of three low resolution scans. The Nadir standard product consists of four files, where each file is composed of the Global Survey Nadir observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Nadir observations only used a single set of filter mix. A Global Survey consisted of observations along 16 consecutive orbits at the start of a two day cycle, over which 4,608 retrievals were performed. Each observation was the input for retrievals of species Volume Mixing Ratios (VMRs), temperature profiles, surface temperature, and other data parameters with associated pressure levels, precision, total error, vertical resolution, total column density, and other diagnostic quantities. Each TES Level 2 standard product reported information in a swath format conforming to the HDF-EOS Aura File Format Guidelines. Each Swath object was bounded by the number of observations in a global survey and a predefined set of pressure levels, representing slices through the atmosphere. Each standard product could have had a variable number of observations depending upon the Global Survey configuration and whether averaging was employed. Also, missing or bad retrievals were not reported. Further, observations were occasionally scheduled on non-global survey days. In general they were measurements made for validation purposes or with highly focused science objectives. Those non-global survey measurements were referred to as “special observations.” A Limb sequence within the TES Global Survey was three high-resolution scans over the same limb locations. The Limb standard product consists of four files, where each file is composed of the Global Survey Limb observations from one of four focal planes for a single orbit, i.e. 72 orbit sequences. The Global Survey Limb observations used a repeating sequence of filter wheel positions. Special Observations could only be scheduled during the 9 or 10 orbit gaps in the Global Surveys, and were conducted in any of three basic modes: stare, transect, step-and-stare. The mode used depended on the science requirement. Each limb observation Limb 1, Limb 2 and Limb 3, were processed independently. Thus, each limb standard product consisted of three sets where each set consisted of 1,152 observations. For TES, the swath object represented one of these sets. Thus, each limb s
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