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23 results for “freezing tolerance”
Data for: Freeze tolerance influenced forest cover and hydrology during the Pennsylvanian
<p><span>Global forest cover affects the Earth system by altering surface mass and energy exchange. Physiology determines plant environmental limits and influences geographical vegetation distribution. Ancient plant physiology, therefore, likely affected vegetation-climate feedbacks. We combine climate modeling and ecosystem-process modeling to simulate arboreal vegetation in the late Paleozoic ice age. Using GENESIS V3 GCM simulations, varying <i><span>p</span></i>CO<sub><span>2</span></sub>, <i><span>p</span></i>O<sub><span>2</span></sub>, and ice extent for the Pennsylvanian, and fossil-derived leaf C:N, maximum stomatal conductance, and specific conductivity for several major Carboniferous plant groups, we simulated global ecosystem processes at a 2-degree (longitude, latitude)</span><span> resolution with </span><i>Paleo</i>-BGC<span>. Based on leaf water constraints, Pangaea could have supported widespread arboreal plant growth and forest cover. However, these models do not account for the impacts of freezing on plants. According to our interpretation, freezing would have affected plants in 89% of unglaciated land during peak glacial periods, and 65% during the warmer interglacials. Comparing forest cover, minimum temperatures, and paleo-locations of Pennsylvanian-aged plant fossils from the Paleobiology Database supports restriction of global forest extent due to freezing. Many genera were limited to </span>25% <span>of unglaciated land where temperatures remained above −</span>4°C<span>. Freeze-intolerance of Pennsylvanian arboreal vegetation had the potential to alter surface runoff, silicate weathering, CO<sub><span>2</span></sub><span> levels, and</span> climate forcing. As a bounding case, we assume total plant mortality at </span>−4°C <span>and estimate that contracting forest cover increased net global surface runoff by up to 6.1%. Repeated freezing likely influenced freeze- and drought-tolerance evolution in lineages like the coniferophytes, which became increasingly dominant in the Permian and early Mesozoic.</span></p>
Data and code for: Adaptive evolution of freezing tolerance in oaks is key to their dominance in North America
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Data from: Freeze-tolerant frogs accumulate cryoprotectants using photoperiod: A potential ecological trap
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Data for: Freeze tolerance influenced forest cover and hydrology during the Pennsylvanian
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Data for "Freeze-tolerant crickets fortify their actin cytoskeleton in fat body tissue"
<p>These data files and code are associated with the scientific article <br>"Freeze-tolerant crickets fortify their actin cytoskeleton in fat body tissue."<br>This material is under the same copyright protections as the article itself.</p> <p>Please see the README.txt file for more information.</p>
Metabolic cost of freeze-thaw and source of CO2 production in the freeze-tolerant cricket Gryllus veletis
<p>Freeze-tolerant insects can survive the conversion of a substantial portion of their body water to ice. While the process of freezing induces active responses from some organisms, these responses appear absent from freeze-tolerant insects. Recovery from freezing likely requires energy expenditure to repair tissues and re-establish homeostasis, which should be evident as elevations in metabolic rate after thaw. We measured carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) production in the spring field cricket (<i>Gryllus veletis</i>) as a proxy for metabolic rate during cooling, freezing and thawing and compared the metabolic costs associated with recovery from freezing and chilling. We hypothesized that freezing does not induce active responses, but that recovery from freeze-thaw is metabolically costly. We observed a burst of CO<sub>2</sub>release at the onset of freezing in all crickets that froze, including those killed by either cyanide or an insecticide (thiacloprid), implying that the source of this CO<sub>2</sub>was neither aerobic metabolism or a coordinated nervous system response. These results suggest that freezing does not induce active responses from <i>G. veletis</i>, but may liberate buffered CO<sub>2 </sub>from hemolymph. There was a transient 'overshoot' in CO<sub>2</sub>release during the first hour of recovery, and elevated metabolic rates at 24, 48 and 72 hours, in crickets that had been frozen compared to crickets that had been chilled (but not frozen). Thus, recovery from freeze-thaw and the repair of freeze-induced damage appears metabolically costly in <i>G. veletis</i>, and this cost persists for several days after thawing. </p>
Data from: Population structure, genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium in perennial ryegrass populations divergently selected for freezing tolerance
Low temperature is one of the abiotic stresses seriously affecting the growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. Understanding the genetic control of freezing tolerance would aid in the development of cultivars of perennial ryegrass with improved adaptation to frost. A total number of 80 individuals (24 of High frost [HF]; 29 of Low frost [LF] and 27 of Unselected [US]) from the second generation of the two divergently selected populations and an unselected control population were genotyped using 278 genome-wide SNPs derived from Lolium perenne L. transcriptome sequence. Our studies showed that the HF and LF populations are very divergent after selection for freezing tolerance, whereas the HF and US populations are more similar. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay varied across the seven chromosomes and the conspicuous pattern of LD between the HF and LF population confirmed their divergence in freezing tolerance. Furthermore, two Fst outlier methods; finite island model (fdist) by LOSITAN and hierarchical structure model using ARLEQUIN detected six loci under directional selection. These outlier loci are most probably linked to genes involved in freezing tolerance, cold adaptation and abiotic stress and might be the potential marker resources for breeding perennial ryegrass cultivars with improved freezing tolerance.
Freeze-tolerance of poleward-spreading mangrove species weakened by soil properties of resident salt marsh competitor
<p class="MsoCommentText"><b>1. Background</b>: Increasing temperatures associated with climate change are shifting plant species to higher latitudes. Soil communities could aid the plants' shift into novel areas by harbouring fewer soil-borne antagonists or more mutualists that influence the fitness and stress tolerance of the shifting species. Alternatively, they could contain novel antagonists or fewer mutualists. Thus, soil communities could positively or negatively affect plant range expansion, particularly if they influence plants' responses to climate, such as freeze tolerance, that feedback to affect expansion.</p> <p class="CxSpFirst"><b>2. Methods: </b>We used the northward range expansion of the black mangrove<i>,</i> <i>Avicennia germinans</i>, into a system dominated by marsh cordgrass, <i>Spartina alterniflora</i><i>, </i>in northern Florida, USA to study how the novel soil environment (i.e., <i>S. alterniflora</i> soil) affects mangrove fitness, susceptibility to cold stress, and the colonization of mutualist fungi. We quantified abundance of root mutualistic fungi in mixed marsh-mangrove habitat and conducted a laboratory experiment to test effects of steam-sterilized and live soils from <i>A. germinans </i>and <i>S. alterniflora</i> on the growth, condition, fungal colonization, and freeze tolerance of <i>A. germinans</i> seedlings.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>3. Results and Conclusions:</b> In the field, we found two times higher dark septate endophyte (DSE) colonization of <i>A. germinans</i> roots and three times higher fungal spore density in <i>A. germinans</i> soil compared to <i>S. alterniflora </i>roots and soil. In the laboratory experiment, seedlings in steamed <i>S. alterniflora</i> soil treatments had 50-65% survival after freezing, compared to 0% survival in treatments with live <i>S. alterniflora</i> soil. <i>A. germinans</i> live soil mixed with <i>S. alterniflora</i> steamed soil yielded <i>A. germinans</i> roots with the highest DSE colonization and seedlings with greater shoot biomass and lower root:shoot ratios. <i>S. alterniflora</i> live soil lowered the freeze tolerance of <i>A. germinans</i>, decreased mangrove survival, and depressed DSE colonization.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>4. Synthesis:</b> <i>S. alterniflora </i>soil could impede <i>A. germinans</i> establishment in salt marsh communities. As climate warming gradually allows <i>A. germinans</i> to displace <i>S. alterniflora</i>, the rhizosphere could become increasingly hospitable to <i>A. germinans</i>. Our work suggests the soil community associated with resident species mediates climatic stressors to affect expansion success. </p> <p class="CxSpFirst"> </p>
Metabolic cost of freeze-thaw and source of CO2 production in the freeze-tolerant cricket Gryllus veletis
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Data from: The genetic architecture of freezing tolerance varies across the range of Arabidopsis thaliana
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Data from: Population structure, genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium in perennial ryegrass populations divergently selected for freezing tolerance
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Freeze-tolerance of poleward-spreading mangrove species weakened by soil properties of resident salt marsh competitor
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Data from: Phenotypic plasticity, but not adaptive tracking, underlies seasonal variation in post-cold hardening freeze tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster
<p> In temperate regions, an organism's ability to rapidly adapt to seasonally varying environments is essential for its survival. In response to seasonal changes in selection pressure caused by variation in temperature, humidity, and food availability, some organisms exhibit plastic changes in phenotype. In other cases, seasonal variation in selection pressure can rapidly increase the frequency of genotypes that offer survival or reproductive advantages under the current conditions. Little is known about the relative influences of plastic and genetic changes in short lived organisms experiencing seasonal environmental fluctuations. Cold hardening is a seasonally relevant plastic response in which exposure to cool, but nonlethal, temperatures significantly increases the organism's ability to later survive at freezing temperatures. In the present study, we demonstrate seasonal variation in cold hardening in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> and test the extent to which plasticity and adaptive tracking underlie that seasonal variation. We measured the post-cold hardening freeze tolerance of flies from outdoor mesocosms over the summer, fall, and winter. We bred outdoor mesocosm-caught flies for two generations in the lab and matched each outdoor cohort to an indoor control cohort of similar genetic background. We cold hardened all flies under controlled laboratory conditions and then measured their post-cold hardening freeze tolerance. Comparing indoor and field-caught flies and their laboratory-reared G1 and G2 progeny allowed us to determine the roles of seasonal environmental plasticity, parental effects, and genetic changes on cold hardening. We also tested the relationship between cold hardening and other factors, including age, developmental density, food substrate, presence of antimicrobials, and supplementation with live yeast. We found strong plastic responses to a variety of field- and lab-based environmental effects, but no evidence of seasonally varying parental or genetic effects on cold hardening. We therefore conclude that seasonal variation in post-cold hardening freeze tolerance results from environmental influences and not genetic changes. </p>
Data from: Phenotypic plasticity, but not adaptive tracking, underlies seasonal variation in post-cold hardening freeze tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: QTL mapping of freezing tolerance: links to fitness and adaptive trade-offs
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Identification of A Novel bZIP Transcription Factor in Camellia sinensis as A Negative Regulator of Freezing Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis
GEO Series GSE84570. Arabidopsis thaliana. 17 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Role of exogenous abscisic acid in freezing tolerance of mangrove Kandelia obovata under natural frost condition at near 32oN
GEO Series GSE219193. Kandelia obovata. 24 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
supplemental data for QTL MAPPING TO IDENTIFY LOCI AND CANDIDATE GENES ASSOCIATED WITH FREEZING TOLERANCE TRAIT IN CAMELINA SATIVA
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Study of the Efficacy and Tolerance of Intra-vaginal Treatment With a Total Freeze-dried Culture of Lcr Regenerans® in the Prevention of Relapses of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02251093. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Study of the Efficacy and Tolerance of Oral Treatment With a Total Freeze-dried Culture of Lcr Restituo® Sachets (Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Lcr35®) on Intolerance to Metformin (Diarrhoea) in Patients Wi
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02730741. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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