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Figure 1 in Current knowledge of New Caledonian marine and freshwater ichthyofauna, SW Pacific Ocean: diversity, exploitation, threats and management actions

Figure 1. – Location of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific. Dotted lines: limits of the New Caledonian EEZ, triangles: main seamounts, blue zones: UNESCO world heritage areas, and red hatched zones: fully protected marine areas. Modified from New Caledonian Government, Global seamounts database, The Pew charitable trust.

FIG. 3 in New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia

FIG. 3. — Siluriforms from the Honda Group: A1-A3, complete lapillus otolith (Holotype) of †Sciades maldonadonis n. sp. (VPPLT-832) from the Honda Group. B1-B3, dorsal spine fragment of Ariidae indet. (VPPLT-1108); C1-C3, incomplete neurocranium of Oxydoras sp. (ULA-1316); D-M, Phractocephalus sp.; D, parietosupraoccipital frontal fragment (VPPLT-1272); E, F, parieto-supraoccipital bone fragments; E, VPPLT-1128; F, VPPLT-223; G, pterotic fragment (VPPLT-442); H, sphenotic fragment, VPPLT-421; I, indeterminate fragments, VPPLT-742; J, right pectoral girdle (IGM-s/n°); K-M, pectoral spines fragments; K, M, VPPLT-043; L, ULA-44; N-P, Hoplosternum sp.; N, O, parieto-supraoccipital; N, VPPLT-1453; O, ULA-829; P, left pectoral-fin spine, VPPLT-1250; Q-T, Doradidae indet.; Q, R, parieto-supraoccipital; Q, VPPLT-921; R, ULA-2997; S, T, fragmented pectoral-fin spines; S, VPPLT-43; T, VPPLT-1442; U1, U2, cf. Acanthicus sp., pectoral-fin spine, VPPLT-469; V1, V2, cf. Hypostomus sp., left pectoral-fin spine, VPPLT-504; W, X, Loricariidae indet.; W, skull fragment, VPPLT-1375; X, portion of a caudal fin, ULA-2413. Views: B1, U1, V2, anterior; C1, D-I, N-R, V1, dorsal; A1, dorsal face; C3, left lateral; A3, X, lateral; B2, U2, posterior; B3, J, right lateral; C2, ventral; A2, ventral face; K-M, S-T, W, indet. Abbreviations: acf, anterior cranial fontanel; ad, anterior dentations; adp-cl, anterior dorsal process of cleithrum; cl, cleithrum; fr, frontal; lf, left frontal; lle, left lateral ethmoid; mes, mesethmoid; pas, parasphenoid; pd, posterior dentations; pdp-cl, posterior dorsal process of cleithrum; pp-cl, posterior process of cleithrum; rf, right frontal; rle, right lateral ethmoid; sop, parieto-supraoccipital; vtp, vomeral tooth plate. Scale bars: A, N, V, 6 mm; B, E, F, L, O, Q-S, W, X, 5 mm; C, D, H, I, K, 10 mm; G, 7 mm; J, 20 mm; M, 8 mm; P, 3 mm; T, 4 mm; U, 9 mm.

FIG. 1 in New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia

FIG. 1. — Geographical position (A) of the Honda Group's stratigraphic section (B) at La Venta site placed in the Upper Magdalena River Valley, Colombia. For details on the localities' geographic coordinates and stratigraphic position, please see Appendix 2.

F. 6 in New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia

F. 6. — Biostratigraphy of the freshwater fishes from the Honda group and palaeoenvironments. The fish fossil record is based on localities presented in Fig. 1B and Appendix. Palaeoenvironments: 1, anastomosing river interpreted by Guerrero (1997), diagram based on Li & Zhang; 2, small meandering stream interpreted by Guerrero (1997) or a sand-bed meandering river interpreted by Mora-Rojas et al.);, braided river interpreted by Villarroel et al. (1996) and Guerrero, influenced by debris flows and catastrophic flood events Mora-Rojas et al.), diagram based on Nichols (2009);, meandering river interpreted by Guerrero (1997) or a gravel-sand meandering fluvial system interpreted by Mora-Rojas et al.); 5, possible distal facies of an alluvial fan or a terminal fan in the distributary zone, suggested by Mora-Rojas et al., diagram based on Peterson.

FIG. 5 in New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia

FIG. 5. — Fish palaeodiversity from the middle Miocene Honda Group: A, overall taxa reported in the Honda group by orders, "Osteoglossiformes & others" include Arapaima Müller, 1843 and †Acregoliath Richter, 1989; B, total number of taxa by families and geological unit. The total number of taxa is based on Table 1 and Appendix 1.

FIG. 2 in New clues on the palaeodiversity of the middle Miocene freshwater ichthyofauna from the Tatacoa Desert, Colombia

FIG. 2. — Stingrays (A1-G2) and cichlids (H1-L2) from the Honda Group: A1, A2, cf. Potamotrygon sp. tooth (VPPLT 10000); B1-F, isolated dermal bucklers; B1, B2, VPPLT-1415; C, E, VPPLT-1245; D, VPPLT-1126; F, VPPLT-1239; G1, G2, isolated caudal spines (VPPLT-42) of Potamotrygonidae indet.; H1-H4, left dentary of cf. Astronotus sp. (VPPLT-668A); I1, I2, left dentary of the extant Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) (ANSP s/n); J1-J3, left dentary of cf. Cichla sp. (VPPLT-668B); K1-K3, left dentary of the extant Cichla Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (PIMUZ A/I 4897); L1, L2, indet. cichlid anal spine (VPPLT-1164). Views: L1, anterior; B, C-G1, H3, I2, J3, K3, dorsal; A1, labial; A2, lingual-lateral; H1, I1, J2, K1-K2, left lateral; L2, lateral; B2, profile; H4, J1, right lateral; G2, H2, ventral. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; B, 1 cm; C, E, I1, J, K2, 5 mm; D, H, 7 mm; F, K1, L, 6 mm; G, K3, 4 mm; I2, 3 mm.

FIGURE 15 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 15. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Neoplecostomus espiritosantensis; (B) Neoplecostomus microps; (C) Neoplecostomus pirangaensis; (D) Oligosarcus acutirostris; (E) Oligosarcus argenteus; (F) Oligosarcus macrolepis; (G) Oligosarcus solitarius; (H) Ophthalmolebias bokermanni; (I) Ophthalmolebias ilheusensis; (J) Ophthalmolebias perpendicularis; (K) Ophthalmolebias rosaceus; (L) Ophthalmolebias suzarti; (M) Otothyris lophophanes; (N) Otothyris travassosi; (O) Pachyurus adspersus; (P) Paragenidens grandoculis; (Q) Pareiorhaphis bahiana; (R) Pareiorhaphis lineata; (S) Pareiorhaphis lophia; (T) Pareiorhaphis mucurina.

FIGURE 14 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 14. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Megaleporinus garmani; (B) Megaleporinus reinhardti; (C) Microcambeva draco; (D) Microcambeva jucuensis; (E) Microcambeva mucuriensis; (F) Microcambeva watu; (G) Microglanis minutus; (H) Microglanis parahybae; (I) Microglanis pataxo; (J) Microlepidogaster discus; (K) Microlepidogaster roseae; (L) Mimagoniates microlepis; (M) Mimagoniates sylvicola; (N) Moenkhausia costae; (O) Moenkhausia diamantina; (P) Moenkhausia vittata; (Q) Mucurilebias leitaoi; (R) Nematocharax varii; (S) Nematocharax venustus; (T) Neoplecostomus doceensis.

FIGURE 13 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 13. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Ituglanis cahyensis; (B) Ituglanis paraguassuensis; (C) Ituglanis parahybae; (D) Ituglanis payaya; (E) Kalyptodoras bahiensis; (F) Kolpotocheirodon figueiredoi; (G) Kryptolebias ocellatus; (H) Lepidocharax burnsi; (I) Lepidocharax diamantina; (J) Leporinus bahiensis; (K) Leporinus melanopleura; (L) Leporinus melanopleurodes; (M) Leporinus taeniatus; (N) Lignobrycon myersi; (O) Loricariichthys castaneus; (P) Loricariichthys melanurus; (Q) Megaleporinus brinco; (R) Megaleporinus conirostris; (S) Megaleporinus elongatus; (T) Megaleporinus gaiero.

FIGURE 11 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 11. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Harttia intermontana; (B) Harttia loricariformis; (C) Hasemania piatan; (D) Hemigrammus brevis; (E) Hemigrammus marginatus; (F) Henochilus wheatlandii; (G) Hirtella carinata; (H) Hisonotus thayeri; (I) Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus; (J) Hoplias brasiliensis; (K) Hoplias intermedius; (L) Hoplias aff. malabaricus; (M) Hoplosternum littorale; (N) Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus; (O) Hyphessobrycon brumado; (P) Hyphessobrycon itaparicensis; (Q) Hyphessobrycon micropterus; (R) Hyphessobrycon negodagua; (S) Hyphessobrycon parvellus; (T) Hyphessobrycon veredus.

FIGURE 12 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 12. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Hyphessobrycon vinaceus; (B) Hypomasticus copelandii; (C) Hypomasticus mormyrops; (D) Hypomasticus santanai; (E) Hypomasticus steindachneri; (F) Hypomasticus thayeri; (G) Hypostomus affinis; (H) Hypostomus auroguttatus; (I) Hypostomus brevicauda; (J) Hypostomus jaguar; (K) Hypostomus leucophaeus; (L) Hypostomus nigrolineatus; (M) Hypostomus scabriceps; (N) Hypostomus unae; (O) Hypostomus wuchereri; (P) Hypsolebias nudiorbitatus; (Q) Hypsolebias ocellatus; (R) Imparfinis borodini; (S) Imparfinis minutus; (T) Ituglanis agreste.

FIGURE 10 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 10. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Eigenmannia sp.; (B) Erythrinus erythrinus; (C) Euryochus thysanos; (D) Geophagus cf. brasiliensis; (E) Geophagus diamantinensis; (F) Geophagus itapicuruensis; (G) Geophagus multiocellus; (H) Geophagus obscurus; (I) Geophagus rufomarginatus; (J) Geophagus santosi; (K) Glanidium botocudo; (L) Glanidium melanopterum; (M) Glaphyropoma rodriguesi; (N) Glaphyropoma spinosum; (O) Gymnotus bahianus; (P) Gymnotus capitimaculatus; (Q) Gymnotus aff. carapo; (R) Gymnotus interruptus; (S) Gymnotus cf. pantherinus; (T) Harttia garavelloi.

FIGURE 7 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 7. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Astyanax turmalinensis; (B) Astyanax varii; (C) Astyanax vermilion; (D) Atlantirivulus depressus; (E) Atlantirivulus nudiventris; (F) Atlantirivulus unaensis; (G) Australoheros ipatinguensis; (H) Australoheros oblongus; (I) Brycon dulcis; (J) Brycon ferox; (K) Brycon howesi; (L) Brycon insignis; (M) Brycon opalinus; (N) Brycon vermelha; (O) Brycon vonoi; (P) Callichthys callichthys; (Q) Cetopsorhamdia iheringi; (R) Characidium bahiense; (S) Characidium clistenesi; (T) Characidium cricarense.

FIGURE 6 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 6. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Acentronichthys leptos; (B) Acestrorhynchus falcatus; (C) Acestrorhynchus lacustris; (D) Acinocheirodon melanogramma; (E) Ammoglanis multidentatus; (F) Anablepsoides bahianus; (G) Ancistrus multispinis; (H) Apareiodon itapicuruensis; (I) Aspidoras kiriri; (J) Aspidoras maculosus; (K) Aspidoras psammatides; (L) Astyanax brevirhinus; (M) Astyanax brucutu; (N) Astyanax epiagos; (O) Astyanax jacobinae; (P) Astyanax lorien; (Q) Astyanax microschemos; (R) Astyanax pardensis; (S) Astyanax rupestris; (T) Astyanax sincora.

FIGURE 5 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 5. Bioregions of the freshwater ichthyofauna of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, their main drainages and supporting species.

FIGURE 3 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 3. Sample of Siluriformes species (Auchenipteridae and Loricariidae) endemic to the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Glanidium botocudo (Photo by Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro 2013c), (B) Euryochus thysanos (Photo by Pereira & Reis 2017); (C) Hirtella carinata (Photo by Pereira et al. 2014); (D) Pareiorhaphis lineata (Photo by Pereira et al. 2017); (E) Pareiorhaphis lophia (Photo by Pereira & Zanata 2014); (F) Pareiorhaphis mucurina (Photo by Pereira et al. 2018); (G) Pareiorhaphis nasuta (Photo by Pereira et al. 2007); (H) Pareiorhaphis proskynita (Photo by Pereira & Britto 2012); (I) Pareiorhaphis ruschii (Photo by Pereira et al. 2012); (J) Pareiorhaphis scutula (Photo by Pereira et al. 2010); (K) Pareiorhaphis vetula (Photo by Pereira et al. 2016); (L) Parotocinclus adamanteus (Photo by Pereira et al. 2019); (M) Hypostomus jaguar (Photo by Zanata et al. 2013); (N) Hypostomus leucophaeus (Photo by Zanata & Pitanga 2016).

FIGURE 2 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 2. Sample of Characiformes species endemic to the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Hypomasticus santanai, (B) Leporinus bahiensis, (C) Leporinus melanopleurodes, (D) Megaleporinus brinco, (E) Megaleporinus gaiero (Photos by J.L.O. Birindelli); (F) Brycon dulcis; (G) Brycon ferox; (H) Brycon howesi; (I) Brycon vermelha; (J) Brycon vonoi (Photos by Lima 2017); (K) Astyanax brucutu (Photo by Zanata et al. 2017); (L) Astyanax epiagos; (M) Astyanax jacobinae (Photos by Zanata & Camelier 2008); (N) Astyanax lorien; (O) Astyanax rupestris (Photos by Zanata et al. 2018); (P) Astyanax varii (Photo by Zanata et al. 2019); (Q) Astyanax vermillion; (R) Deuterodon burgerai (Photos by Zanata & Camelier 2009); (S) Hasemania piatan (Photo by Zanata & Serra 2010); (T) Hyphessobrycon brumado (Photo by Zanata & Camelier 2010); (U) Characidium deludens (Photo by Zanata & Camelier 2015); (V) Characidium helmeri (Photo by Zanata et al. 2015); (W) Characidium kamakan (Photo by Zanata & Camelier 2015); (X) Characidium samurai (Photo by Zanata & Camelier 2014).

FIGURE 1 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 1. Maps of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Geographic location of the ecoregion in Brazil and South America, adjacent ecoregions, hydrographic system, and state political division. BA (Bahia), ES (Espírito Santo), MG (Minas Gerais), RJ (Rio de Janeiro), SE (Sergipe); (B) Hypsometric map of the ecoregion; (C) Basins draining the ecoregion; (D) Sampling records of freshwater fishes in the ecoregion. Each point may represent more than one sampling site.