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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Glass Frog Calls

This dataset contains 5296 audio files in .WAV format, corresponding to calls of two glass frog species: Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni (Hf) and Espadarana prosoblepon (Ep), recorded under controlled laboratory conditions. We further increased the dataset size using noise injection-based data augmentation in one species (Ep), and artificially shifting call frequency in both species. The dataset contains four labelled classes: Hf (1250 calls), Hf-shifted (1250 calls), Ep (1398 calls) and Ep-shifted (1398 calls); each class is in a separate folder. Noise injected files, with white and pink noise, were generated using noise factors of 0.010 and 0.020, respectively, using the random and powerlaw_psd_gaussian functions from numpy (v1.26.4) and colorednoise (v2.2.0) Python libraries. Frequency shifting placed calls in upper or lower parts of spectrum, incorporating additional variability and was used to create two new classes. Hf call frequency was increased by a factor of +4 semitones (4/12), while Ep call frequency was decreased by the same factor (-4), using librosa (v0.10.2) in Python (effects.pitch_shift). Modified calls (‘Hf-shifted’ and ‘Ep-shifted’, respectively) more closely resemble the calls of the other species in terms of their frequency band. Derived audio files partially share file names: '1104-18211-ROI1_pN.WAV' is the 'pink noise' version of '1104-18211-ROI1.WAV', etc. The audio collection is accompanied by a data table (.csv) with no missing or null values, and consists of 4 columns: “File_name”; “Data_Augmentation”, whether the file had noise injection or not, and its type (white or pink); “Frequency_Shift”, whether the audio frequency was artificially shifted or not; and “Class”, which includes the respective labels. The dataset is suitable for machine learning tasks, audio signal processing and statistical analysis.

Fig. 3 in New records, range extension and call description for the stream-breeding frog Hyloscirtus lascinius (Rivero, 1970) in Venezuela

Fig. 3. Habitat of Hyloscirtus lascinius at Campamento Guacharaca, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia state (A). Males calling from a branch; (B) and from a rocky wall; (C) at the edge of the creek in Campamento Guacharaca. Photos: F.J.M. RojasRunjaic.

Fig. 2 in New records, range extension and call description for the stream-breeding frog Hyloscirtus lascinius (Rivero, 1970) in Venezuela

Fig. 2. Distribution of Hyloscirtus lascinius in Venezuela and Colombia. 1: Campamento Guacharaca, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia state, Venezuela. 2: San Luis, Mérida state, Venezuela. 3: Road Santa Cruz de Mora-La Macana, Mérida state, Venezuela. 4: Quebrada Ovalles, Mérida state, Venezuela. 5: Quebrada De La Rana, Mérida state, Venezuela. Yellow triangle: Tabor, Tamá massif, Táchira state, Venezuela (type locality); White pentagon: Chinácota, Norte de Santander department, Colombia (Sánchez 2010); The record of headwaters of Río Táchira, Norte de Santander, Colombia (Ruiz-Carranza et al. 1996) and additional localities between Delicias and Tabor (Rivero 1970) are included in the yellow triangle that indicates the type locality.

Fig. 1 in New records, range extension and call description for the stream-breeding frog Hyloscirtus lascinius (Rivero, 1970) in Venezuela

Fig. 1. Hyloscirtus lascinius from Venezuela. (A) Campamento Guacharaca, Sierra de Perijá, Zulia state; (B) Near La Macana, Mérida state; (C) Quebrada La Rana, Mérida state. Photos: F.J.M. Rojas-Runjaic (A) and C.L. Barrio-Amorós (B and C).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in The highly variable release call of the missing Northern Darwin's Frog, Rhinoderma rufum

Fig. 1. Spectrograms and oscillograms of multi-note release calls emitted by males of Rhinoderma rufum. Two representative calls are shown, one having mainly harmonic structure (A, individual 1 in Table 1) and another having mainly chaotic structure (B, individual 2 in Table 1). Sample rate: 44.1 kHz, frequency bandwidth: 20 Hz. The oscillograms and spectrograms were obtained using the package Seewave (Sueur et al. 2018).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Fig. 3 in Forensic bioacoustics? The advertisement calls of two locally extinct frogs from Colombia

Fig. 3. Full-scale audiospectrogram (top) and oscillogram (bottom) of the advertisement call of Gastrotheca guentheri. The note duration (nd), dominant frequency (df), and fundamental frequency (ff) are indicated.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in Forensic bioacoustics? The advertisement calls of two locally extinct frogs from Colombia

Fig. 1. Geographic location (A) and general view (B) of Reserva Natural La Planada (Department of Nariño, Colombia; (C) Paruwrobates andinus and (D) Gastrotheca guentheri from Reserva Natural La Planada, Colombia. Photos by I. De la Riva (B) and P.A. Burrowes (C–D).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Fig. 2 in Forensic bioacoustics? The advertisement calls of two locally extinct frogs from Colombia

Fig. 2. Full-scale oscillogram (top), and expanded oscillogram and its audiospectrogram (bottom) of the advertisement call of Paruwrobates andinus. Call groups (A, B, and C), inter-call group interval (ci), and background noise (bn) are represented in the full-scale oscillogram. The note duration (nd), inter note interval (ni), dominant frequency (df), and fundamental frequency (ff) are indicated in the expanded box.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2010View details →

Figure 2 in Vocalizations of the Brazilian torrent frog Hylodes heyeri (Anura: Hylodidae): Repertoire and influence of air temperature on advertisement call variation

Figure 2. Territorial call of Hylodes heyeri from the Municipality of Morretes, Parana´, Brazil. Recorded on 11 January 2002, at 22.4°C. (A) Power spectrum; (B) spectrogram; (C) oscillogram.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2010View details →

Figure 3 in Vocalizations of the Brazilian torrent frog Hylodes heyeri (Anura: Hylodidae): Repertoire and influence of air temperature on advertisement call variation

Figure 3. Mean number of advertisement calls (bars) emitted by males of Hylodes heyeri during 5 min of monitoring each hour, and air temperature (line).

Figure 3 in Assessing the taxonomic status of tropical frogs through bioacoustics: geographical variation in the advertisement calls in the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Anura)

Figure 3. Discriminant function analyses of the number of pulses, call length, and dominant frequency of species belonging to the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis group. Ellipses only intend to facilitate the observation of groups. BV, Eleutherodactylus cf. cruralis from the Bellavista Mountains; EC, Eleutherodactylus cruralis; ED, Eleutherodactylus discoidalis; EI, Eleutherodactylus ibischi; HO, Eleutherodactylus cf. cruralis from La Hoyada; EM, Eleutherodactylus madidi.

Figure 2 in Assessing the taxonomic status of tropical frogs through bioacoustics: geographical variation in the advertisement calls in the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Anura)

Figure 2. Oscillogram and sound spectrogram of the advertisement call of: (A) Eleutherodactylus cruralis from Rurrenabaque, Amazonian rainforest; (B) E. cf. cruralis from Bellavista Mountains; (C) E. cf. cruralis from La Hoyada; (D) Eleutherodactylus discoidalis from Campos de Pinos; (E) Eleutherodactylus ibischi from Samaipata Road; (F) Eleutherodactylus madidi from Eslabón.

Figure 4 in Assessing the taxonomic status of tropical frogs through bioacoustics: geographical variation in the advertisement calls in the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Anura)

Figure 4. Scatterplot for (A) number of pulses and call length, (B) dominant frequency and number of pulses, and (C) dominant frequency and call length of species and populations of the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis group. Lines correspond to normally distributed probability ellipses (0.99, N = 194). BV, Eleutherodactylus cf. cruralis from the Bellavista Mountains; EC, Eleutherodactylus cruralis; ED, Eleutherodactylus discoidalis; EI, Eleutherodactylus ibischi; HO, Eleutherodactylus cf. cruralis from La Hoyada; EM, Eleutherodactylus madidi.

Figure 1 in Assessing the taxonomic status of tropical frogs through bioacoustics: geographical variation in the advertisement calls in the Eleutherodactylus discoidalis species group (Anura)

Figure 1. Map of the Andes of Bolivia showing the studied localities (see also Table 1). 1, Eslabón; 2, Chalalán; 3, Rurrenabaque; 4, Chapare, 500 m; 5, Mataracú; 6, La Hoyada; 7, Samaipata road; 8, Bellavista Mt; 9, Masicurí; 10, Campos de Pinos.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

"The sound comes from a meadow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. The meadow is at an elevation of 2400 meters near a mountain named Olancha Peak, which is 3700 meters in altitude. Ihave a group of friends with which Ibackpack (trek) into the mountains. Our goal was to spend some time in the mountains and hike to the top of Olancha Peak (…) By the time we reached the meadow, we were in a forest and there was still snow on the ground in some places. We took the trip in June of 2006. The Sierra Nevada Mountains are a large mountain range. Much of the range is protected by national parks or preserved areas we call 'wilderness areas' (…) Ihave been backpacking for nearly 40 years and Iwill hopefully continue with this challenging activity for 40 years more! Many of my friends are much younger than Iam and it gives me much satisfaction to be able to have as much or more stamina for this activity than they have! When we are on these trips, we hike up peaks, catch fish, drink some whiskey around campfires and enjoy our time in the beautiful solitude. My memories of this trip were of the steep, hot hike from the desert to the cool meadow; the overall beauty of the nature, the absolute solitude of our campsite near the meadow; the strenuous hike to the top of Olancha Peak; the camaraderie of my friends; and, of course the sound of the frogs in the meadow. The frog sounds were astounding to me and Iwould listen in awe of the creature's instinctual desire to reproduce and continue the existence of their kind. Surely there were different species in the meadow for some of the frog sounds were different than others. The sounds only occurred after the Sun went down for the evening. Istood next to the creek in the meadow and recorded the sounds using my digital camera." [Peter/plentz1960]16 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice

"The sound comes from a meadow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. The meadow is at an elevation of 2400 meters near a mountain named Olancha Peak, which is 3700 meters in altitude. Ihave a group of friends with which Ibackpack (trek) into the mountains. Our goal was to spend some time in the mountains and hike to the top of Olancha Peak (…) By the time we reached the meadow, we were in a forest and there was still snow on the ground in some places. We took the trip in June of 2006. The Sierra Nevada Mountains are a large mountain range. Much of the range is protected by national parks or preserved areas we call 'wilderness areas' (…) Ihave been backpacking for nearly 40 years and Iwill hopefully continue with this challenging activity for 40 years more! Many of my friends are much younger than Iam and it gives me much satisfaction to be able to have as much or more stamina for this activity than they have! When we are on these trips, we hike up peaks, catch fish, drink some whiskey around campfires and enjoy our time in the beautiful solitude. My memories of this trip were of the steep, hot hike from the desert to the cool meadow; the overall beauty of the nature, the absolute solitude of our campsite near the meadow; the strenuous hike to the top of Olancha Peak; the camaraderie of my friends; and, of course the sound of the frogs in the meadow. The frog sounds were astounding to me and Iwould listen in awe of the creature's instinctual desire to reproduce and continue the existence of their kind. Surely there were different species in the meadow for some of the frog sounds were different than others. The sounds only occurred after the Sun went down for the evening. Istood next to the creek in the meadow and recorded the sounds using my digital camera." [Peter/plentz1960]16

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Variant call file for mountain yellow-legged frog (MYLF) selection analysis

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publicMay 2023View details →

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Túngara frog call-timing decisions arise as internal rhythms interact with fluctuating chorus noise

For chorusing males, optimally timing their calls relative to nearby rivals' calls and fluctuations in background chorus noise is crucial for reproductive success. A caller's acoustic environment will vary by chorus density and the properties of his chorus-mates' calls and will fluctuate unpredictably due to chorusing dynamics emerging among his chorus-mates. Thus, callers must continuously monitor moment-to-moment fluctuations in the acoustic scene they perceive at the chorus for advantageous times to call. In live experimental choruses, we investigated the factors influencing túngara frog call-timing responses to chorus-mates' calls on an interaction-by-interaction basis, revealing that intrinsic and extrinsic factors influenced call-timing decisions. Callers were more likely to overlap calls from smaller chorus-mates and chorus-mates at intermediate distances, as well as calls containing lower frequencies and exhibiting lower final amplitude minima. Consequently, variation among males in call properties led to variation in levels of call-interference received when calling in the same social environment. Additionally, callers were more likely to overlap chorus-mates' calls after experiencing extended periods of inhibition and were less likely to overlap synchronized chorus-mates' calls relative to single calls. In chorusing species, female choice is influenced by inter-caller dynamics, selecting for male call-timing strategies which, in turn, constitute the selective environment further refining these same strategies. Thus, understanding the specific factors driving call-timing decisions is essential for understanding how sexual selection operates in chorusing taxa.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

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Fig. 4 in New records, range extension and call description for the stream-breeding frog Hyloscirtus lascinius (Rivero, 1970) in Venezuela

Fig. 4. Oscillogram (A) and spectrogram (B) of the advertisement call of Hyloscirtus lascinius.