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6 results for “fungal mycelium”
Modelling of excitation propagation on computer models of insoles colonised by fungal mycelium. Videos and potential difference recordings.
<p>We used an artistic image of the mycelium network projected onto a $364 \times 985$ nodes grid. <br> The original image $M=(m_{ij})_{1 \leq j \leq n_i, 1 \leq j \leq n_j}$, $m_{ij} \in \{ r_{ij}, g_{ij}, b_{ij} \}$, where $n_i=364$ and $n_j=985$, and $1 \leq r, g, b \leq 255$, was converted to a conductive matrix $C=(m_{ij})_{1 \leq i,j \leq n}$ derived from the image as follows: $m_{ij}=1$ if $r_{ij}>170$, $g_{ij}>170$ and $b_{ij}<200$; a dilution operation was applied to $C$. </p> <p>FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) equations is a qualitative approximation of the Hodgkin-Huxley model of electrical activity of living cells:<br> \begin{eqnarray}<br> \frac{\partial v}{\partial t} & = & c_1 u (u-a) (1-u) - c_2 u v + I + D_u \nabla^2 \\<br> \frac{\partial v}{\partial t} & = & b (u - v),<br> \end{eqnarray}<br> where $u$ is a value of a trans-membrane potential, $v$ a variable accountable for a total slow ionic current, or a recovery variable responsible for a slow negative feedback, $I$ {is} a value of an external stimulation current. The current through intra-cellular spaces is approximated by<br> $D_u \nabla^2$, where $D_u$ is a conductance. The term $D_u \nabla^2 u$ governs a passive spread of the current. The terms $c_2 u (u-a) (1-u)$ and $b (u - v)$ describe the ionic currents. The term $u (u-a) (1-u)$ has two stable fixed points $u=0$ and $u=1$ and one unstable point $u=a$, where $a$ is a threshold of an excitation.</p> <p>We integrated the system using the Euler method with the five-node Laplace operator, a time step $\Delta t=0.015$ and a grid point spacing $\Delta x = 2$, while other parameters were $D_u=1$, $a=0.13$, $b=0.013$, $c_1=0.26$. We controlled excitability of the medium by varying $c_2$ from 0.05 (fully excitable) to 0.015 (non excitable). Boundaries are considered to be impermeable: $\partial u/\partial \mathbf{n}=0$, where $\mathbf{n}$ is a vector normal to the boundary. </p> <p>To record dynamics of excitation in the network, as if in laboratory experiments, we simulated electrodes by calculating a potential $p^t_x$ at an electrode location $x$ as $p_x = \sum_{y: |x-y|<2} (u_x - v_x)$. Configuration of electrodes $1, \cdots, 16$ is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:mycelium}c. Time-lapse snapshots provided in the paper were recorded at every 100\textsuperscript{th} time step, and we display sites with $u >0.04$; videos and figures were produced by saving a frame of the simulation every 100\textsuperscript{th} step of the numerical integration and assembling the saved frames into the video with a play rate of 30 fps. </p> <p>Insole_01: Excitation started at electrode E2</p> <p>Insole_10: Excitation started at electrode E1</p> <p>Insole_11: Excitation started at electrodes E1 and E2</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary materials (processed data) for paper "Electrical signal transfer characteristics of mycelium-bound composites and fungal fruiting bodies."
<p>Processed data for paper "Electrical signal transfer characteristics of mycelium-bound composites and fungal fruiting bodies."</p>
Supplementary materials (raw data) for paper "Electrical signal transfer characteristics of mycelium-bound composites and fungal fruiting bodies"
<p>Raw data (B&K 891, C60 and VNA instruments) for the paper "Electrical signal transfer characteristics of mycelium-bound composites and fungal fruiting bodies"</p>
Percentage distribution of plant-fixed carbon in orchid shoots and roots, protocorms, and mycorrhizal fungal mycelium and amount (total and concentration) of carbon transferred to protocorms and mycorrhizal fungal mycelium by green orchids in each experimental microcosm
<p> The minute 'dust seeds' of some terrestrial orchids preferentially germinate and develop as mycoheterotrophic protocorms near conspecific adult plants. In this paper we tested the hypothesis that mycorrhizal mycelial connections provide a direct pathway for transfer of recent photosynthate from conspecific green orchids to achlorophyllous protocorms. Mycelial networks of <em>Ceratobasidium cornigerum </em>connecting green <em>Dactylorhiza fuchsii</em> plants with developing achlorophyllous protocorms of the same species were established on oatmeal or water agar before the shoots of green plants were exposed to <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>. After incubation for 48 hours, the pattern of distribution of fixed carbon was visualised in intact entire autotrophic/protocorm systems using digital autoradiography and quantified in protocorms by liquid scintillation counting. The data presented here represent the percentage distribution of the <sup>14</sup>C fixed by the orchids in our experimental systems to plant shoots, roots, protocorms and the mycorrhizal mycelium. We also show the total amount of <sup>14</sup>C present in plant shoots and protocorms when grown in each of the three media tested (100% water agar, 100% oatmeal agar, and 50:50 water: oatmeal agar). We also show the amount of carbon (total and concentration) transferred from green orchids to protocorms and mycorrhizal mycelium in each microcosm across the three media treatments.</p>
Percentage distribution of plant-fixed carbon in orchid shoots and roots, protocorms, and mycorrhizal fungal mycelium and amount (total and concentration) of carbon transferred to protocorms and mycorrhizal fungal mycelium by green orchids in each experimental microcosm
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Data from: Carbon use efficiency of mycorrhizal fungal mycelium increases during the growing season but decreases with forest age across a Pinus sylvestris chronosequence
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