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30 results for “fungal phylogenetics”
Species introductions cause phylogenetically structured successional pathways in natural wood-inhabiting fungal communities
<p>These files include the data and the scripts for reproducing the results presented in the manuscript "Species introductions cause phylogenetically structured successional pathways in natural wood-inhabiting fungal communities".</p> <p>Description of the files can be found from the README.docx file.</p>
Data for: Environmental responses of fruiting fungal communities are phylogenetically structured
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Through their ephemeral reproductive structures (fruiting bodies), ectomycorrhizal forest soil fungi provide a resource for a plethora of organisms. Thus, resolving what biotic and abiotic factors determine the occurrence and abundance of fruiting bodies is fundamental for understanding the dynamics of forest trophic networks. While the influence of abiotic factors such as moisture and temperature on fungal fruiting are relatively well established, little is known about how these processes interact with the evolutionary history of fungal species to determine when, where, and in which abundance fungal fruiting bodies will emerge. A specific knowledge gap relates to whether species' responses to their environment are phylogenetically structured. Here, we ask whether related fungal taxa respond similarly to climatic factors and forest habitat characteristics, and whether such correlated responses will affect the assembly of fungal fruiting communities. To resolve these questions, we fitted joint species distribution models combining data on the species composition and abundance of fungal fruiting bodies, environmental variation, and phylogenetic relationships among fungal taxa. Our results show that both site-level forest characteristics (dominant tree species and forest age) and climatic factors related to phenology (effective heat sum) greatly influence the occurrence and abundance of fruiting bodies. More importantly, while different fungal species responded unequally to their shared environment, there was a strong <span>phylogenetic signal in their responses, so that related fungal species tended to fruit under similar environmental conditions. </span>Thus, not only are fruiting bodies short-lived and patchily distributed, but the availability of similar resources will be further aggregated in time and space. These strong constraints on resource availability for fungus-associated taxa highlight the potential of fungus-based networks as a model system for studies on the ecology and evolution of resource–consumer relations in ephemeral systems of high spatiotemporal patchiness.</span></p>
Data for: Environmental responses of fruiting fungal communities are phylogenetically structured
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Data from: The molecular phylogenetics of Trachymyrmex ants and their fungal cultivars provide insights into the origin and co-evolutionary history of 'higher-attine' ant agriculture
The fungus‐growing ants and their fungal cultivars constitute a classic example of a mutualism that has led to complex coevolutionary dynamics spanning c. 55–65 Ma. Of the five agricultural systems practised by fungus‐growing ants, higher‐attine agriculture, of which leaf‐cutter agriculture is a derived subset, remains poorly understood despite its relevance to ecosystem function and human agriculture across the Neotropics and parts of North America. Among the ants practising higher‐attine agriculture, the genus Trachymyrmex Forel, as currently defined, shares most‐recent common ancestors with both the leaf‐cutter ants and the higher‐attine genera Sericomyrmex Mayr and Xerolitor Sosa‐Calvo et al. Although previous molecular‐phylogenetic studies have suggested that Trachymyrmex is a paraphyletic grade, until now insufficient taxon sampling has prevented a full investigation of the evolutionary history of this group and limited the possibility of resolving its taxonomy. Here we describe the results of phylogenetic analyses of 38 Trachymyrmex species, including 27 of the 49 described species and at least 11 new species, using four nuclear markers, as well as phylogenetic analyses of the fungi cultivated by 23 species of Trachymyrmex using two markers. We generated new genetic data for 112 ants (402 new gene sequences) and 95 fungi (153 new gene sequences). Our results corroborate previous findings that Trachymyrmex, as currently defined, is paraphyletic. We propose recognizing two new genera, Mycetomoellerius gen.n. and Paratrachymyrmex gen.n., and restricting the continued use of Trachymyrmex to the clade of nine largely North American species that contains the type species [Trachymyrmex septentrionalis (McCook)] and that is the sister group of the leaf‐cutting ants. Our fungal cultivar phylogeny generally corroborates previously observed broad patterns of ant–fungus association, but it also reveals further violations of those patterns. Higher‐attine fungi are divided into two groups: (i) the single species Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Möller); and (ii) its sister clade, consisting of multiple species, recently referred to as Leucoagaricus Singer 'clade B'. Our phylogeny indicates that, although most non‐leaf‐cutting higher‐attine ants typically cultivate species in clade B, some species cultivate L. gongylophorus, whereas still others cultivate fungi typically associated with lower‐attine agriculture. This indicates that the attine agricultural systems, which are currently defined by associations between ants and fungi, are not entirely congruent with ant and fungal phylogenies. They may, however, be correlated with as yet poorly understood biological traits of the ants and/or of their microbiomes.
Data from: The molecular phylogenetics of Trachymyrmex ants and their fungal cultivars provide insights into the origin and co-evolutionary history of 'higher-attine' ant agriculture
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Data from: A selective fungal transport organ (mycangium) maintains coarse phylogenetic congruence between fungus-farming ambrosia beetles and their symbionts
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The avian mycobiome: Phylogenetic trees and alignments for key fungal groups
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Data from: Phylogenetic distribution of symbiotic bacteria from Panamanian amphibians that inhibit growth of the lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
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Data from: Plant traits determine the phylogenetic structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities
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Data from: A new promising phylogenetic marker to study the diversity of fungal communities: the Glycoside Hydrolase 63 gene
In molecular ecology, the development of efficient molecular markers for fungi remains an important research domain. Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was proposed as universal DNA barcode marker for fungi, but this marker was criticized for Indel-induced alignment problems and its potential lack of phylogenetic resolution. Our main aim was to develop a new phylogenetic gene and a putative functional marker, from single-copy gene, to describe fungal diversity. Thus, we developed a series of primers to amplify a polymorphic region of the Glycoside Hydrolase GH63 gene, encoding exo-acting α-glucosidases, in basidiomycetes. These primers were validated on 125 different fungal genomic DNAs, and GH63 amplification yield was compared with that of already published functional markers targeting genes coding for laccases, N-acetylhexosaminidases, cellobiohydrolases and class II peroxidases. Specific amplicons were recovered for 95% of the fungal species tested, and GH63 amplification success was strikingly higher than rates obtained with other functional genes. We downloaded the GH63 sequences from 483 fungal genomes publicly available at the JGI mycocosm database. GH63 was present in 461 fungal genomes belonging to all phyla, except Microsporidia and Neocallimastigomycota divisions. Moreover, the phylogenetic trees built with both GH63 and Rpb1 protein sequences revealed that GH63 is also a promising phylogenetic marker. Finally, a very high proportion of GH63 proteins was predicted to be secreted. This molecular tool could be a new phylogenetic marker of fungal species as well as potential indicator of functional diversity of basidiomycetes fungal communities in term of secretory capacities.
Supplementary material 2 from: Si H-L, Su Y-M, Zheng X-X, Ding M-Y, Bose T, Chang R-L (2021) Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Coniochaeta isolates recovered from Inner Mongolia and Yunnan revealed three new endolichenic fungal species. MycoKeys 83: 105-121. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.71140
Figure S2. ML tree generated from LSU sequence data
Figure 3 from: Si H-L, Su Y-M, Zheng X-X, Ding M-Y, Bose T, Chang R-L (2021) Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Coniochaeta isolates recovered from Inner Mongolia and Yunnan revealed three new endolichenic fungal species. MycoKeys 83: 105-121. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.71140
Figure 3 Morphological characters of Coniochaeta sinensis sp. nov. (HMAS 350269) a, b cultures on PDA from the surface and reverse c, d conidiogenous cells e conidiogenous cell that is producing conidia f chlamydospores g, h conidia. Scale bars: 10 μm.
Figure 2 from: Si H-L, Su Y-M, Zheng X-X, Ding M-Y, Bose T, Chang R-L (2021) Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Coniochaeta isolates recovered from Inner Mongolia and Yunnan revealed three new endolichenic fungal species. MycoKeys 83: 105-121. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.71140
Figure 2 Morphological characters of Coniochaeta fibrosae sp. nov. (HMAS 350271) a, b cultures on PDA from the surface and reverse c swollen conidia d, e swollen conidia germinate hyphae f, g conidiogenous cells h conidia. Scale bars: 10 μm.
Supplementary material 1 from: Si H-L, Su Y-M, Zheng X-X, Ding M-Y, Bose T, Chang R-L (2021) Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Coniochaeta isolates recovered from Inner Mongolia and Yunnan revealed three new endolichenic fungal species. MycoKeys 83: 105-121. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.71140
Figure S1. ML tree generated from ITS sequence data
Figure 1 from: Si H-L, Su Y-M, Zheng X-X, Ding M-Y, Bose T, Chang R-L (2021) Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Coniochaeta isolates recovered from Inner Mongolia and Yunnan revealed three new endolichenic fungal species. MycoKeys 83: 105-121. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.71140
Figure 1 Maximum Likelihood tree constructed using ITS+LSU dataset. Bootstrap support values ≥ 75% and posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95 are indicated above the nodes as ML / PP. The isolates obtained in this study are shown in bold. T = ex-type isolates.
Figure 4 from: Si H-L, Su Y-M, Zheng X-X, Ding M-Y, Bose T, Chang R-L (2021) Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Coniochaeta isolates recovered from Inner Mongolia and Yunnan revealed three new endolichenic fungal species. MycoKeys 83: 105-121. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.71140
Figure 4 Morphological characters of Coniochaeta mongoliae sp. nov. (HMAS 350270) a, b cultures on PDA from the surface and reverse, c, d conidiogenous cells e, f chlamydospores g, h conidia. Scale bars: 10 μm.
Figure 1 from: Kirika PM, Divakar PK, Crespo A, Mugambi G, Orock EA, Leavitt SD, Gatheri GW, Lumbsch HT (2016) Phylogenetic studies uncover a predominantly African lineage in a widely distributed lichen-forming fungal species. MycoKeys 14: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.14.8971
Figure 1 - Phylogenetic relationships among Parmelinella taxa based on a maximum-likelihood (ML) analysis of a concatenated, three locus dataset (ITS, nuLSU & mtSSU rDNA). Since the ML and Bayesian inference topologies were identical, only the ML topology is shown here. Posterior probabilities ≥ 0.95/ ML bootstrap values ≥ 70% are given above the branches.
Supplementary material 2 from: Grewe F, Lagostina E, Wu H, Printzen C, Lumbsch HT (2018) Population genomic analyses of RAD sequences resolves the phylogenetic relationship of the lichen-forming fungal species Usnea antarctica and Usnea aurantiacoatra. MycoKeys 43: 91-113. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.43.29093
Overview of RADseq results after individual steps of RAD analyses :
Figure 3 from: Grewe F, Lagostina E, Wu H, Printzen C, Lumbsch HT (2018) Population genomic analyses of RAD sequences resolves the phylogenetic relationship of the lichen-forming fungal species Usnea antarctica and Usnea aurantiacoatra. MycoKeys 43: 91-113. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.43.29093
Figure 3 Genomic variation by non-parametric DAPC. ADAPC plot of the densities of U.antarctica (blue) and U.aurantiacoatra (green) on the first retained discriminant function B Bar plot of group membership probabilities.
Figure 2 from: Grewe F, Lagostina E, Wu H, Printzen C, Lumbsch HT (2018) Population genomic analyses of RAD sequences resolves the phylogenetic relationship of the lichen-forming fungal species Usnea antarctica and Usnea aurantiacoatra. MycoKeys 43: 91-113. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.43.29093
Figure 2 Pairwise Gst, G'st and D distribution. Pairwise values of Nei's Gst (green), Hedrick's G'st (blue) and Jost's D (yellow) are plotted by their frequency.
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