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6 results for “gametophytic self incompatibility”
Data from: Breakdown of gametophytic self-incompatibility in subdivided populations
In many hermaphroditic flowering plants self-fertilization is prevented by self-incompatibility (SI), often controlled by a single locus, the S-locus. In single isolated populations, the maintenance of SI depends chiefly on inbreeding depression and the number of SI alleles at the S-locus. In subdivided populations, however, population subdivision has complicated effects on both the number of SI alleles and the level of inbreeding depression, rendering the maintenance of SI difficult to predict. Here, we explore the conditions for the invasion of a self-compatible mutant in a structured population. We find that the maintenance of SI is strongly compromised when a population becomes subdivided. We show that this effect is mainly caused by the decrease of the local diversity of SI alleles rather than by a change in the dynamics of inbreeding depression. Strikingly, we also find that the diversity of SI alleles at the whole population level is a poor predictor of the maintenance of SI. We discuss the implications of our results for the interpretation of empirical data on the loss of SI in natural populations.
Data from: Breakdown of gametophytic self-incompatibility in subdivided populations
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Data from: No evidence for Fabaceae Gametophytic self-incompatibility being determined by Rosaceae, Solanaceae, and Plantaginaceae S-RNase lineage genes
Background: Fabaceae species are important in agronomy and livestock nourishment. They have a long breeding history, and most cultivars have lost self-incompatibility (SI), a genetic barrier to self-fertilization. Nevertheless, to improve legume crop breeding, crosses with wild SI relatives of the cultivated varieties are often performed. Therefore, it is fundamental to characterize Fabaceae SI system(s). We address the hypothesis of Fabaceae gametophytic (G)SI being RNase based, by recruiting the same S-RNase lineage gene of Rosaceae, Solanaceae or Plantaginaceae SI species. Results: To address if Fabaceae GSI is RNase based we first looked for the presence of SSK1 like genes (described only in species having RNase based GSI), in the Trifolium pratense, Medicago truncatula, Cicer arietinum, Glycine max, and Lupinus angustifolius genomes. Since we find these genes in Fabaceae species, we characterize the S-lineage T2-RNase genes in these genomes. Except for T. pratense, all species are self-compatible (SC). Nevertheless, in T. pratense, but also in M. truncatula and C. arietinum we identify S-RNase lineage genes that in phylogenetic analyses cluster with Pyrinae S-RNases. In M. truncatula and C. arietinum genomes, where large scaffolds are available, these sequences are surrounded by F-box genes that in phylogenetic analyses also cluster with S-pollen genes. In T. pratense the S-RNase lineage genes show, however, expression in tissues not involved in GSI. Moreover, levels of diversity are lower than those observed for other S-RNase genes. The M. truncatula and C. arietinum S-RNase and S-pollen like genes phylogenetically related to Pyrinae S-genes, are also expressed in tissues other than those involved in GSI. To address if other T2-RNases could be determining Fabaceae GSI, here we obtained a style with stigma transcriptome of Cytisus striatus, a species that shows significant difference on the percentage of pollen growth in self and cross-pollinations. Expression and polymorphism analyses of the C. striatus S-RNase like genes revealed that none of these genes, is the S-pistil gene. Conclusion: We find no evidence for Fabaceae GSI being determined by Rosaceae, Solanaceae, and Plantaginaceae S-RNase lineage genes. Since none of the C. striatus T2-RNase genes expressed in style with stigma is involved in GSI specificity, there is no evidence that T2-RNase lineage genes could be determining GSI in this species. Therefore, to characterize the Fabaceae S-pistil gene(s), expression analyses, levels of diversity, and segregation analyses in controlled crosses are needed for those genes showing high expression levels in the tissues where GSI occurs.
Data from: Genetic architecture of inbreeding depression and the maintenance of gametophytic self-incompatibility
Gametophytic self-incompatibility is a widespread genetic system, which enables hermaphroditic plants to avoid self-fertilization and mating with close relatives. Inbreeding depression is thought to be the major force maintaining self-incompatibility; however, inbreeding depression is a dynamical variable that depends in particular on the mating system. In this paper we use multilocus, individual based simulations to examine the co-evolution of self-incompatibility and inbreeding depression within finite populations. We focus on the conditions for the maintenance of self-incompatibility when self-compatible mutants are introduced in the population by recurrent mutation, and compare simulation results with predictions from an analytical model treating inbreeding depression as a fixed parameter (thereby neglecting effects of purging within the self-compatible sub-population). In agreement with previous models, we observe that the maintenance of self-incompatibility is associated with high inbreeding depression and is facilitated by high rates of self-pollination. Purging of deleterious mutations by self-compatible mutants has little effect on the spread of those mutants as long as most deleterious alleles have weak fitness effects: in this case, the genetic architecture of inbreeding depression has little effect on the maintenance of self-incompatibility. By contrast, purging may greatly enhance the spread of self-compatible mutants when deleterious alleles have strong fitness effects.
Data from: No evidence for Fabaceae Gametophytic self-incompatibility being determined by Rosaceae, Solanaceae, and Plantaginaceae S-RNase lineage genes
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Data from: Genetic architecture of inbreeding depression and the maintenance of gametophytic self-incompatibility
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