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22 results for “gastrointestinal helminths”
Fig. 2. A in Gastrointestinal helminths of waterfowl (Anatidae: Anatinae) in the Lerma marshes of central Mexico: Some pathological aspects
Fig. 2. A. Proventriculus section of Oxyura jamaicensis showing a T. fissispina gravid female in the lumen of the glandular epithelium, surrounded by some giant cells (asterisk), lymphocytes and wrapped by a fibrous vascular connective tissue capsule (arrow) that displaces the proventriculus glands. Stained with H-E. B. Proventriculus of Mareca americana, showing multiple inflammatory foci consisting of lymphocytes and a few eosinophils. The cestode Gastrotaenia cygni can be observed on the glands' lumen. Stained with H-E. C. Anas acuta gizzard, where the presence of abundant nematodes (Epomidiostomun uncinatum and Amidostomum spp.) can be observed below the keratinized epithelium, surrounded by an abundant amount of mucus (asterisk) and hyperplasia of the mucus-producing cells (arrow). Stained with H-E. D. Gizzard of Anas crecca, where nematodes of the genus Amidostomum can be observed below the keratinized epithelium surrounded by an abundant amount of mucus (arrow). Stained with Masson's trichromic.
Fig. 1. A in Gastrointestinal helminths of waterfowl (Anatidae: Anatinae) in the Lerma marshes of central Mexico: Some pathological aspects
Fig. 1. A. Intestine of Anas crecca with a transparent nodule of 2 mm in diameter caused by Pseudocorynosoma constrictum penetrating the serosa. B. Proventriculus of Spatula discors with nodules (arrows): some of them whit Tetrameres sp. C. Gizzard of Mareca americana with hemorrhages (arrow) caused by the nematode Amidostomum spp. D. Gizzard of Mareca americana with a nodule of 1.5 × 2 cm in diameter and firm consistency, with the nematode Echinuria uncinata. E. Intestine of Anas crecca showing a nodule in the subserosa, containing the acanthocephalan Filicollis sp. in the intestinal lumen.
Fig. 5 in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada
Fig. 5. On the left, whole mounted Cryptocotyle lingua adult trematode stained with borax carmine (credit: Brent Wagner). On the right, distribution of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) infected with C. lingua in the Subarctic (samples (n) collected along James Bay and the St Lawrence estuary) and Humid Continental climate collected during winter 2016–2017 by trappers from Qu´ebec, Canada. Arrows indicate major waterways.
Fig. 2. A in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada
Fig. 2. A) Parasite genus richness in foxes (Vulpes vulpes, blue), coyotes (Canis latrans, orange), and wolves (Canis lupus, gray) from Qu´ebec, Canada, determined by gross examination and fecal flotation combined (N = 250). Fewer foxes were uninfected than coyotes (p = 0.006). More foxes were infected by two parasite genera than coyotes (p = 0.004). B) Parasite genus richness between Subarctic (yellow) and Humid Continental climate (green) in foxes from Qu´ebec, Canada, determined by gross examination and fecal flotation combined (N = 155). No significant difference in parasite genera was seen in foxes between Subarctic and Humid Continental climate regions. Parasites counted in both histograms were: diphyllobothriids (likely Dibothriocephalus spp.), Echinococcus spp., Taenia spp., Capillaria spp., Toxascaris sp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris sp., Uncinaria sp., Alaria sp., Cryptocotyle sp., and Metorchis sp. Parasites observed in both fecal and gross examination were only counted once. Bars represent 95% confidence intervals. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 6 in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada
Fig. 6. Distribution of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans), and wolves (Canis lupus) infected with Toxascaris leonina (left, N = 55) and Toxocara canis (right, N = 19) in the Subarctic and Humid Continental climate collected during winter 2016–2017 by hunters and trappers from Qu´ebec, Canada.
Fig. 1. K in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada
Fig. 1. K¨oppen climate regions and sampling distribution of foxes (Vulpes vulpes, N = 176), coyotes (Canis latrans, N = 77), and wolves (Canis lupus, N = 23) collected during winter 2016–2017 by hunters and trappers from Qu´ebec, Canada. Arrows indicate major waterways.
Fig. 4 in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada
Fig. 4. Mixed taeniid infections in the Humid Continental climate in coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) from Qu´ebec, Canada, following molecular analyses. Abbreviations on x-axis: E. can, Echinococcus canadensis; T. hyd, Taenia hydatigena; T. twi, T. twitchelli; T. kra, T. krabbei; T. pis, T. pisiformis-"like"; T. cra, T. crassiceps.
Fig. 3 in Host and geographic differences in prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans) and wolves (Canis lupus) in Quebec´, Canada
Fig. 3. Neighbour-joining tree of Jukes-Cantor distances among sequences of CO1 (alignment 450 bp using all sites) from Alaria available on GenBank as of 7 July 2021. Data from Alaria americana, including data from the present study, indicated by darker shaded cluster and white font. Sequences from A. alata are HM022221-3, KF751233-4, KP123416-20, KP123422-5, KX962374, KX962392, KX962395, KX962397-8, KX962402, KX962406, KX962415, KX962421, KX962433, KX962437, KX962454-5, KX962471-2, KX962481, KX962491, KY012317, MT103215-31; from Alaria sp. in Argentina KF572949, MH892076, MT328804-6; from Alaria sp. in Wisconsin, USA KT223036; from A. americana MZ605217-33 (present study) and MH536507 (indicated with an asterisk).
Gastrointestinal helminths increase Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and host variation in supershedding
<p>Co-infected hosts, individuals that carry more than one infectious agent at any one time, have been suggested to facilitate pathogen transmission, including the emergence of supershedding events. However, how the host immune response mediates the interactions between co-infecting pathogens and how these affect the dynamics of shedding remains largely unclear. We used laboratory experiments and a modeling approach to examine temporal changes in the shedding of the respiratory bacterium <em>Bordetella bronchiseptica</em> in rabbits with one or two gastrointestinal helminth species. Experimental data showed that rabbits co-infected with one or both helminths shed significantly more <em>B. bronchiseptica</em>, by direct contact with an agar petri dish than rabbits with bacteria alone. Co-infected hosts generated supershedding events of higher intensity and more frequently than hosts with no helminths. To explain this variation in shedding an infection-immune model was developed and fitted to rabbits of each group. Simulations suggested that differences in the magnitude and duration of shedding could be explained by the effect of the two helminths on the relative contribution of neutrophils and specific IgA and IgG to <em>B. bronchiseptica</em> neutralization in the respiratory tract. However, the interactions between infection and immune response at the scale of analysis that we used could not capture the rapid variation in the intensity of shedding of every rabbit. We suggest that fast and local changes at the level of respiratory tissue probably played a more important role. This study indicates that co-infected hosts are an important source of variation in shedding, and provides a quantitative explanation of the role of helminths in the dynamics of respiratory bacterial infections.</p>
Gastrointestinal helminths increase Bordetella bronchiseptica shedding and host variation in supershedding
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FIGURES 36–48. Pogonomystrongylus damaensis n. gen., n in Gastrointestinal helminths (Cestoda, Chabertiidae and Heligmonellidae) of Pogonomys loriae and Pogonomys macrourus (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the description of a new genus and two new species
FIGURES 36–48. Pogonomystrongylus damaensis n. gen., n. sp. 36. Female, anterior end, lateral view; 37. Male, transverse section, anterior body; 38. Female, transverse section, anterior body; 39. Female, posterior end, lateral view; 40. Male, transverse section, mid body; 41. Female, transverse section, mid body; 42. Dorsal ray; 43. Female, transverse section, posterior body; 44. Bursa, left lateral lobe; 45. Bursa, right lateral lobe; 46. Genital cone, lateral view; 47. Gubernaculum, lateral view; 48. Spicule tips. Abbreviations: d, dorsal; v, ventral; l, left; r, right; long arrow shows axis of orientation of synlophe. Scale bars in µm: 36, 39, 44, 45, 50; 37, 38, 40–43, 46, 48, 25; 47, 12.5.
FIGURES 24–35. Odilia dividua n in Gastrointestinal helminths (Cestoda, Chabertiidae and Heligmonellidae) of Pogonomys loriae and Pogonomys macrourus (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the description of a new genus and two new species
FIGURES 24–35. Odilia dividua n. sp. 24. Female, posterior end lateral view; 25. Male, transverse section, anterior body; 26. Female, transverse section, anterior body; 27. Female, anterior end, lateral view; 28. Male, transverse section, mid body; 29. Female, transverse section, mid body; 30. Spicule tip. 31. Male, transverse section, posterior body; 32. Synlophe, ventral ridges showing interrupted form; 33. Bursa, left lateral view; 34. Dorsal ray, dorsal view; 35. Bursa, right lateral view. Abbreviations: d, dorsal; v, ventral; l, left; r, right; long arrow shows axis of orientation of synlophe. Scale bars in µm: 24, 27, 33, 35, 50; 25, 26, 28–32, 34, 25.
FIGURES 17–23. Hasanuddinia pogonomyos n in Gastrointestinal helminths (Cestoda, Chabertiidae and Heligmonellidae) of Pogonomys loriae and Pogonomys macrourus (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the description of a new genus and two new species
FIGURES 17–23. Hasanuddinia pogonomyos n. sp. Female. 17. Anterior end, lateral view; 18. Transverse section, anterior body; 19. Ovejector, egg in utero; 20. Transverse section, mid body; 21. Transverse section, posterior body; 22. Posterior end showing prepuce; 23. Posterior end female, ovejector with egg in ovejector. Abbreviations: d, dorsal; v, ventral; l, left; r, right; dd, dorsal diverticulum; long arrow shows axis of orientation of synlophe. Scale bars in µm: 17, 19, 20, 28, 50; 18, 20, 21, 25.
FIGURES 9–16. Hasanuddinia pogonomyos n in Gastrointestinal helminths (Cestoda, Chabertiidae and Heligmonellidae) of Pogonomys loriae and Pogonomys macrourus (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the description of a new genus and two new species
FIGURES 9–16. Hasanuddinia pogonomyos n. sp. Male. 9. Cervical vesicle; 10. Transverse section, anterior body; 11. Spicule tips; 12. Transverse section, mid body; 13. Bursa; 14. Gubernaculum and genital cone, lateral view; 15. Transverse section, posterior body; 16. Dorsal ray. Abbreviations: d, dorsal; v, ventral; l, left; r, right; long arrow shows axis of orientation of synlophe. Scale bars in µm: 9, 11, 14, 16, 25; 10, 12, 13, 15, 50.
FIGURES 1–8 in Gastrointestinal helminths (Cestoda, Chabertiidae and Heligmonellidae) of Pogonomys loriae and Pogonomys macrourus (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the description of a new genus and two new species
FIGURES 1–8. Nippostrongylinae species: Nippostrongylinae sp. 1. Females. 1. Posterior end, lateral view; 2. Transverse section, mid body; 3. Anterior end, ventral view, arrow indicating deirid. Nippostrongylinae sp. 2, Males. 4. Transverse section, mid body; 5. Anterior end, lateral view, arrow indicating deirid; 6. Bursa, left lateral view; 7. Spicule tip; 8. Gubernaculum, lateral view. Abbreviations: d, dorsal; v, ventral; l, left; r, right; long arrow shows axis of orientation of synlophe. Scale bars in µm: 1–6, 50; 7, 25; 8, 12.5.
FIGURES 27–34. Rodentanema aenigma n. gen., n in The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia
FIGURES 27–34. Rodentanema aenigma n. gen., n. sp.. In all illustrations of the synlophe the dorsal aspect of the body is oriented towards the top of the page and the left side of the nematode is on the left side of the page. 27. Female, cephalic end; 28. Female, en face view; 29. Female posterior end, right lateral view; 30. Male posterior end, left lateral view, bursal rays numbered; 31. Male transverse section, mid body; 32. Female transverse section, mid body; 33. Bursa partially unrolled, left lateral and dorsal aspects, rays numbered; 34. Bursa, dorsal ray. Scale bars in µm: 27, 28, 31, 33, 34, 12.5; 29, 30, 50.; 32, 25.
FIGURES 15–26. Nugininema titokis n. gen., n in The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia
FIGURES 15–26. Nugininema titokis n. gen., n. sp. In all illustrations of the synlophe in transverse section the dorsal aspect of the body is oriented towards the top of the page and the left side of the nematode is on the left side of the page. Long arrow shows axis of orientation of synlophe; dorsal and ventral ridges (numbers with superscripts) numbered. 15. Male anterior end, right lateral view; 16. Male transverse section, anterior end; 17. Female transverse section, anterior end; 18. Female cephalic end; 19. Male transverse section, mid body; 20. Female transverse section, mid body; 21. Female posterior end, right lateral view; 22. Gubernaculum, ventral view; 23. Spicule tip. 24. Spicule anterior end, lateral view. 25. Female posterior end, lateral view. 26. Bursa, partially unrolled, right lateral view, rays numbered. Scale bars in µm: 15, 50; 16–21, 25, 26, 25; 22–24, 12.5.
FIGURES 35–43 in The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia
FIGURES 35–43. Nippostrongylinae species: Nippostrongylinae sp. 1. 35. Female anterior end, lateral view; 36. Bursa, left and right lateral lobes partially unrolled, rays numbered; 37. Male posterior end, left lateral view, rays numbered; 38. Dorsal ray; 39. Female posterior end, left lateral view. Nippostrongylinae sp. 2. 40. Female anterior end, right lateral view; 41. Female posterior end, right lateral view; 42. Ovejector; 43. Male, transverse section mid body showing the synlophe: oriented with the presumed dorsal aspect of the body towards the top of the page and the left side of the nematode on the left of the page; dorsal and ventral ridges (numbers with superscripts) numbered. Scale bars in µm: 35, 37, 39–42, 50; 36, 25; 38, 43, 12.5.
FIGURES 1–14. Syphacia niobe n in The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia
FIGURES 1–14. Syphacia niobe n.sp. 1. Female anterior end, lateral view; 2. Female, en face view; 3. Male, en face view; 4. Male, lateral view; 5. Female cephalic end, lateral view; 6. Female cephalic end, ventral view; 7. Male cephalic end, lateral view; 8. Vagina, lateral view; 9. Female mid body, transverse section. 10. Male posterior end, ventral view;11. Egg; 12. Female tail, lateral view; 13. Spicule, gubernaculum and accessory piece, lateral view. 14. Male posterior end, lateral view; Scale bars in µm: 1, 4, 100; 2, 3, 12, 50; 5, 6, 8–11, 25; 7, 14, 12.5, 13, 10.
Figure 1 in Gastrointestinal helminth communities of two gekkonid lizard species, Nactus multicarinatus and Nactus pelagicus (Squamata: Gekkonidae), from the Republic of Vanuatu, Oceania
Figure 1. Vanuatu Archipelago; islands from which Nactus were collected.
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