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13 results for “geographic radiation”
Figure 5 in Geographic distribution, host plants, and morphological variation of the currently radiating phytophagous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna diekei
Figure 5. Elytra height of seven populations of Henosepilachna diekei. (A) Females; (B) males. The host plants were denoted in the parentheses as M, Mikania; L, Leucas; D, Dicliptera; P, Plectranthus. The different letter on the right shoulder of each box indicates significant difference (P <0.05) after adjustment of P-value for multiple comparisons (NS, P ≥ 0.05).
Data for the paper: An energetic view on the geographical dependence of the fast aerosol radiative effects on precipitation
<p>This is the data presented in "An energetic view on the geographical dependence of the fast aerosol radiative effects on precipitation", Dagan et al 2021 JGR.</p> <p>names of files:</p> <p>*aqua* is for aqua-planet simulations, while *AMIP* is for AMIP simulations. *id* is for the simulations with the idealised aerosol perturbations in AMIP type of simulations. sur* are for surface variables, while d_*zonal* and d_mar* present the devotion zonal and meridional cross-sections as in the paper </p> <p>The names of the variables are as in the paper. </p>
Ecological diversification preceded geographical expansion during the evolutionary radiation of Cataglyphis desert ants
<p>Biological diversity often arises as organisms adapt to new ecological conditions (i.e. ecological opportunities) or colonise suitable areas (i.e. spatial opportunities). Cases of geographical expansion followed by local ecological divergence are well described; they result in clades comprising ecologically heterogeneous subclades. In contrast, nothing is known about evolutionary radiation events in which ecological opportunities preceded spatial spread. Here, we show that the desert ant genus <em>Cataglyphis</em> likely originated in open grassland habitats in the Middle East ~18 million years ago and became a taxon of diverse species specialising in prey of different masses. Around 9 million years ago, southern Europe and northern Africa experienced aridification and were colonised by <em>Cataglyphis</em>, which was preadapted to the harsh environmental conditions. The result was the rapid accumulation of species, and the appearance of local assemblages containing species from different lineages that still displayed ancestral foraging specialties. These findings highlight that, in <em>Cataglyphis</em>, ecological diversification happened before the genus geographically spread into newly arisen suitable habitats, resulting in a clade composed of ecologically homogeneous subclades.</p>
Ecological diversification preceded geographical expansion during the evolutionary radiation of Cataglyphis desert ants
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Data from: Geographic and temporal dynamics of a global radiation and diversification in the killer whale
Global climate change during the Late Pleistocene periodically encroached and then released habitat during the glacial cycles, causing range expansions and contractions in some species. These dynamics have played a major role in geographic radiations, diversification and speciation. We investigate these dynamics in the most widely distributed of marine mammals, the killer whale (Orcinus orca), using a global data set of over 450 samples. This marine top predator inhabits coastal and pelagic ecosystems ranging from the ice edge to the tropics, often exhibiting ecological, behavioural and morphological variation suggestive of local adaptation accompanied by reproductive isolation. Results suggest a rapid global radiation occurred over the last 350 000 years. Based on habitat models, we estimated there was only a 15% global contraction of core suitable habitat during the last glacial maximum, and the resources appeared to sustain a constant global effective female population size throughout the Late Pleistocene. Reconstruction of the ancestral phylogeography highlighted the high mobility of this species, identifying 22 strongly supported long-range dispersal events including interoceanic and interhemispheric movement. Despite this propensity for geographic dispersal, the increased sampling of this study uncovered very few potential examples of ancestral dispersal among ecotypes. Concordance of nuclear and mitochondrial data further confirms genetic cohesiveness, with little or no current gene flow among sympatric ecotypes. Taken as a whole, our data suggest that the glacial cycles influenced local populations in different ways, with no clear global pattern, but with secondary contact among lineages following long-range dispersal as a potential mechanism driving ecological diversification.
MUSES Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Monthly Global 0.05º Geographic Grid Since 1981
<p>The MUltiscale Satellite remotE Sensing (MUSES) product suite includes products with different spatial and temporal resolutions for parameters such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Near-Infrared Reflectance of Vegetation (NIRv), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC), Gross Primary Production (GPP), Net Primary Production (NPP). For more information about the MUSES products, please refer to this website (<a href="https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/">https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/</a>).</p> <p>This dataset is the MUSES global FAPAR product at 0.05º spatial resolution and monthly temporal resolution. The MUSES FAPAR product is provided on Geographic grid and spans from 1981 to 2019 (continuously updated). It was generated from the MUSES LAI product at 0.05º resolution and other ancillary information using the complement to unity of the transmittance of PAR through the entire canopy (Xiao <em>et al</em>., 2015). The MUSES FAPAR values are the instantaneous values at 10:30 am local time, close approximation of daily average PAPAR values, and they are physically consistent with the corresponding MUSES LAI values. The MUSES FAPAR product is spatially complete and temporally continuous.</p> <p><strong>Dataset Characteristics:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Spatial Coverage: 180º W – 180º E, 90º S – 90º N;</li> <li>Temporal Coverage: 1981 – 2019;</li> <li>Spatial Resolution: 0.05º (approximately 5 km);</li> <li>Temporal Resolution: 1 month;</li> <li>Projection: Geographic;</li> <li>Data Format: HDF;</li> <li>Scale: 0.004;</li> <li>Valid Range: 0 – 250.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Citation </strong>(Please cite this paper whenever these data are used)<strong>:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et al</em>., Estimating the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation from the MODIS databased GLASS leaf area index product. <em>Remote Sensing of Environment</em>, 171,105-117, 2015.</li> <li>Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et al</em>., Evaluation of Three Long Time Series for Global Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Products. <em>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing</em>, 56, 5509-5524, 2018.</li> <li>Zheng Y., Xiao Z., Li J., Yang H., Song J., Evaluation of Global Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Products at 500 m Spatial Resolution. <em>Remote Sensing</em>, 14, 3304, 2022.</li> </ol> <p>If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Zhiqiang Xiao (zhqxiao@bnu.edu.cn).</p>
Data from: Geographic and temporal dynamics of a global radiation and diversification in the killer whale
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Figure 3 in Geographic distribution, host plants, and morphological variation of the currently radiating phytophagous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna diekei
Figure 3. Variation of the elytral pattern and abdominal melanism of Henosepilachna diekei. Dorsal view (top) and lateral view (middle) of habitus and ventral view of abdomen (bottom) in male specimens collected in Java (1–3), Kalimantan (4), Sulawesi (5, 6) and Lombok (7). Localities of collection were shown upper of each picture, and the host plants are denoted in the parentheses as M; Mikania, L; Leucas, A; Asystacea, C; "Coleus". Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 2 in Geographic distribution, host plants, and morphological variation of the currently radiating phytophagous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna diekei
Figure 2. Distribution and host-plant use of Henosepilachna diekei populations in South East Asia. The distribution of H. diekei was investigated in shaded islands/regions. Localities where the occurrence of H. diekei was observed were shown by the names and symbols for the host plants. Six beetle populations from five localities used for the morphological analysis were black-edged.
Figure 1 in Geographic distribution, host plants, and morphological variation of the currently radiating phytophagous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna diekei
Figure 1. Morphological characters of Henosepilachna diekei measured in the present study. (A) Dorsal and lateral views of habitus with measured body parts; BL, body length; PL, pronotum length; PW, pronotum width; EL, elytra length; EW, elytron width, EH, elytra height. (B) Lateral view of tegmen (PA, paramera; H, hair on penis guide; PG, penis guide). (C) Lateral view of penis (P, Penis; PA, ventral view of apical edge of penis).
Figure 6 in Geographic distribution, host plants, and morphological variation of the currently radiating phytophagous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna diekei
Figure 6. Variation in the structure of apical edge of penis in males of the seven populations of Henosepilachna diekei. Type I, emarginate (filled symbol); Type II, truncate (dark grey symbol); Type III, convex (light grey symbol). Solid line denotes the Wallace line. The number in each pie chart shows the number of specimen. The host plants were shown in the parentheses as M, Mikania; L, Leucas; D, Dicliptera; P, Plectranthus. The different letter on the right shoulder of each box indicates significant difference (P <0.05) after adjustment of P-value for multiple comparisons.
Figure 4 in Geographic distribution, host plants, and morphological variation of the currently radiating phytophagous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna diekei
Figure 4. Body length of seven populations of Henosepilachna diekei. (A) Females; (B) males. The host plants were denoted in the parentheses as M; Mikania, L; Leucas, D; Dicliptera, P; Plectranthus. The different letter on the right shoulder of each box indicates significant difference (P <0.05) after adjustment of P-value for multiple comparisons (NS, P ≥ 0.05).
MUSES Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) 8-Day Global 0.05º Geographic Grid Since 1981
<p>The MUltiscale Satellite remotE Sensing (MUSES) product suite includes products with different spatial and temporal resolutions for parameters such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Near-Infrared Reflectance of Vegetation (NIRv), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC), Gross Primary Production (GPP), Net Primary Production (NPP). For more information about the MUSES products, please refer to this website (<a href="https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/">https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/</a>).</p> <p>This dataset is the MUSES global FAPAR product at 0.05º spatial resolution and 8-day temporal resolution. The MUSES FAPAR product is provided on Geographic grid and spans from 1981 to 2019 (continuously updated). It was generated from the MUSES LAI product at 0.05º resolution and other ancillary information using the complement to unity of the transmittance of PAR through the entire canopy (Xiao <em>et al</em>., 2015). The MUSES FAPAR values are the instantaneous values at 10:30 am local time, close approximation of daily average PAPAR values, and they are physically consistent with the corresponding MUSES LAI values. The MUSES FAPAR product is spatially complete and temporally continuous.</p> <p><strong>Dataset Characteristics:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Spatial Coverage: 180º W – 180º E, 90º S – 90º N;</li> <li>Temporal Coverage: 1981 – 2019;</li> <li>Spatial Resolution: 0.05º (approximately 5 km);</li> <li>Temporal Resolution: 8 days;</li> <li>Projection: Geographic;</li> <li>Data Format: HDF;</li> <li>Scale: 0.004;</li> <li>Valid Range: 0 – 250.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Citation </strong>(Please cite this paper whenever these data are used)<strong>:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et al</em>., Estimating the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation from the MODIS databased GLASS leaf area index product. <em>Remote Sensing of Environment</em>, 171,105-117, 2015.</li> <li>Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et al</em>., Evaluation of Three Long Time Series for Global Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Products. <em>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing</em>, 56, 5509-5524, 2018.</li> <li>Zheng Y., Xiao Z., Li J., Yang H., Song J., Evaluation of Global Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Products at 500 m Spatial Resolution. <em>Remote Sensing</em>, 14, 3304, 2022.</li> </ol> <p>If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Zhiqiang Xiao (zhqxiao@bnu.edu.cn).</p>
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