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23 results for “geophyte”
Life histories of the perennial geophyte Erythronium grandiflorum (Liliaceae) in Colorado subalpine transplant garden from annual measurements, 1991 onward
In an outdoor garden at Irwin, Colorado, we established glacier lily plants in open-bottomed PVC pots that protected them from gopher attack. The initial cohorts were excavated from field sites as mature corms of unknown age. Later cohorts were grown from seed, so their ages are known. Each spring since 1991, we have noted fruit and flower production. In August, after the aboveground parts have died back, we exhume the plants, wash off the soil, weigh the corms, characterize their morphology, photograph them, and replant them. If a corm splits, we replant the pieces in separate pots. The study is ongoing, with 264 plants in 2019. Main findings through 2020: plants produce 0-4 flowers per year, depending on size; most plants flower each year; death is rare, with many plants having survived the entire study; setting a fruit reduces corm substantially (cost of reproduction); plants appear to regulate weight by adjusting flower production, and by splitting; genotypes vary in splitting propensity. Oddly, mortality is higher in very large corms than in mid-sized ones. Evidence for senescence is scant.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Monocotyledonous Geophytes of Fergana Valley.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Monocotyledonous Geophytes of Fergana Valley". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/1962b370-4fd5-4b22-a30e-0adb8570688d">https://bionomia.net/dataset/1962b370-4fd5-4b22-a30e-0adb8570688d</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/1962b370-4fd5-4b22-a30e-0adb8570688d">https://gbif.org/dataset/1962b370-4fd5-4b22-a30e-0adb8570688d</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data for: From southern Africa and beyond: historical biogeography of a monocotyledonous bulbous geophyte
<p><em><strong>Aim</strong></em></p> <p>Low taxon sampling and taxonomic uncertainties still obscure our evolutionary knowledge of many taxa, especially widespread lineages across diverse landscapes. Of particular interest are those lineages inhabiting seasonal and arid landscapes, which showcase unique distributional patterns that hint at fascinating histories. Using the most comprehensive sampling to date of a widespread bulbous monocot, we hypothesize two independent dispersals to Madagascar, and that vicariance due to Miocene-driven aridification contracted a once-widespread distribution between Africa and Eurasia.</p> <p><em><strong><span>Location</span></strong></em></p> <p><span>Sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Eurasia</span></p> <p><em><strong>Taxon</strong></em></p> <p>Ledebouriinae (Scilloideae, Asparagaceae)</p> <p><em><strong>Methods</strong></em></p> <p>Using the Angiosperms353 probe set for 195 taxa (86 ingroup taxa), we perform phylogenetic reconstruction using IQ-Tree, and we infer age estimates using penalized likelihood as implemented in treePL. Capitalizing on our broad geographic sampling, which includes African, Malagasy, and Eurasian taxa, we use 'BioGeoBEARS' to reconstruct ancestral ranges and investigate the role of vicariance and dispersal. </p> <p><em><strong>Results</strong></em></p> <p>The Ledebouriinae originated within the past ~30 myr in southeastern sub-Saharan Africa, with the major subclades arising soon thereafter. Although long-distance dispersal cannot be fully ruled out, we argue that vicariance was the major process responsible for the current distribution of <em>Ledebouria</em> in Eurasia. We recover two distinct <em>Ledebouria</em> groups that overlap in eastern Africa, but are divided into mostly northern and southern clades with divergent biogeographical histories, each showing an independent dispersal to Madagascar. A similar north-south split is seen in <em>Drimiopsis</em>. Additionally, we recover a complex biogeographic history in the predominantly sub-Saharan African Ledebouria clade, with a rapid radiation at ~14 mya.</p> <p><em><strong>Main conclusions</strong></em></p> <p>The expansion of seasonal rainfall and aridity in sub-Saharan Africa, coupled with orogenic activity, may have fostered the diversification of the Ledebouriinae and many subclades. Miocene-driven aridification may have caused fragmentation of a once widespread distribution that led to their occurrence in Eurasia.</p>
Data for: From southern Africa and beyond: historical biogeography of a monocotyledonous bulbous geophyte
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FIGURE 9. Geophytes. A in Floristic composition, life forms and phytogeography of the mountains between Damghan and Shahrud, Eastern Alborz (Iran)
FIGURE 9. Geophytes. A: Allium barsczewskii, B: Allium cristophii, C: Allium scabriscapum, D: Asparagus breslerianus, E: Berula erecta, F: Gagea alexeenkoana.
FIGURE 1 in The taxonomic status of two geophytic Euphorbia species (Euphorbiaceae) from Maharashtra, India
FIGURE 1: Plate depicting variations in E. khandallensis (including plants that were formerly determined as E. panchganiensis). A. habit ('E. panchganiensis'). B. habit ('E. khandallensis'). C.: tuberous, branched rootstock ('E. panchganiensis'). D. cyathium ('E. panchganiensis'). E. cyathium ('E. khandallensis')-slightly more mature than D, thus with a long gynophore. F. capsule ('E. panchganiensis'). G. cyathia with bracts and six glands in one inflorescence and five in the other ('E. panchganiensis'). H. cyathia with bracts, male florets and glands ('E. khandallensis'). I. capsules ('E. khandallensis'). J. leaves ('E. panchganiensis'). K. leaves ('E. khandallensis'). Photographs by Rohit Mane and Ashish Nerlekar, taken at Kaas and Lonavala for 'E. panchganiensis' and 'E. khandallensis' respectively.
FIGURE 2 in Morphological and phylogenetic relationships of the threatened geophyte Wurmbea novae-zelandiae (Colchicaceae) from New Zealand, with notes on typification
FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the concatenated plastid regions (ndhF and trnL-F). Bootstrap values are shown above branches.
FIGURE 1. Wurmbea novae-zelandiae. a in Morphological and phylogenetic relationships of the threatened geophyte Wurmbea novae-zelandiae (Colchicaceae) from New Zealand, with notes on typification
FIGURE 1. Wurmbea novae-zelandiae. a, damp seepage (centre) where W. novae-zelandiae occurs (Spider Lakes, Canterbury); b, flowering plant; c, ovoid corm with fine roots at base; d, flower nestled in crown of two basal leaves; e, flower with two locules and styles; f, flower with three locules and styles; g, leaf-like petal; h, petals showing position of nectaries 1/3 from base; i, capsules with one locule and two valves (left), two locules and four valves (centre), and three locules and six valves (right); j, small round seeds with a reticulate surface.
Figure 7 in An overview of the Cape geophytes
Figure 7. Representation of hysteranthous, synanthous, and evergreen geophytes at five localities in the Cape. Pie size is proportional to the total numbers of species (data from Reid & Dyer, 1984; Snijman, 1984; Goldblatt, 1985, 1986, 1989; Perry, 1994; Goldblatt & Manning, 1998).
Figure 6. Storage organ size for seven large Cape geophyte genera. Median, central 50 in An overview of the Cape geophytes
Figure 6. Storage organ size for seven large Cape geophyte genera. Median, central 50% of the values, and ranges are given (data from Reid & Dyer, 1984; Snijman, 1984; Goldblatt, 1985, 1986, 1989; Perry, 1994; Goldblatt & Manning, 1998). The storage organs are annually replaced in the first four genera, but not in the last three, in which they have continuous growth.
Figure 5 in An overview of the Cape geophytes
Figure 5. Diversity of reproductive and vegetative characters in some speciose geophytic genera in the Cape. Based on the characters cited in naural dichotomous keys from Linder & Kurzweil (1999) and Manning et al. (2002). Since generic-level keys were used, the ratio between vegetative and reproductive characters in each genus is likely to represent a good approximation of the reality; however, intergeneric comparisons may not be strictly valid. Phylogenetic relationships based on Meerow et al. (1999), Chase et al. (2000a), Reeves et al. (2001), and Goldblatt et al. (2005).
Figure 4 in An overview of the Cape geophytes
Figure 4. Phylogenetic relationships in the Asparagales (based on Chase et al., 2000a; Fay et al., 2000; Soltis et al., 2000; APG II, 2003; Rudall, 2003; only recognizing clades with> 50% support), indicating geophytism (Stevens, 2001) and southern African taxa (see Leistner, 2000). Numbers of genera/species indicated for each family, based on Stevens (2001).
Figure 3 in An overview of the Cape geophytes
Figure 3. Geographic patterns of diversity in the Cape (at the quarter-degree scale), in two major geophyte families: A, Iridaceae; B, Orchidaceae (data from Proches et al., 2005).
Figure 2 in An overview of the Cape geophytes
Figure 2. The study area, largely equivalent to the fynbos and succulent karoo biomes (the distribution at quarter-degree scale, based on Low & Rebelo, 1998).
Figure 1 in An overview of the Cape geophytes
Figure 1. Geophyte diversity in the five mediterranean-climate regions of the world. Data from Cowling et al. (1996) and Parsons & Hopper (2003), with an additional estimate of 1335 species for the Mediterranean Basin (S. Proches, unpubl. data). Data for the Cape, as compiled in this paper.
Comparative transcriptomics of a monocotyledonous geophyte reveals shared molecular mechanisms of underground storage organ formation
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Data from: Geophytism in monocots leads to higher rates of diversification
● Geophytes, plants with buds on underground structures, are found throughout the plant tree of life. These below ground structures allow plants to inhabit highly seasonal and disturbance-prone environments across ecosystems. Past researchers have hypothesized the bulbous, cormous and tuberous habits promote diversification, but this had yet to be tested. ● Using a comprehensive monocot data set of almost 13,000 taxa, we investigated the effects of the geophytic habit on diversification using both state-dependent and state-independent models. ● We found that geophytes exhibit increased rates of diversification relative to non-geophytes. State-dependent analyses recovered higher yet similar rates of diversification for bulbous, cormous and tuberous taxa compared to rhizomatous and non-geophytic taxa. However, the state-independent model returned no difference in rates among the different traits. ● Geophytism shows higher rates of diversification relative to non-geophytes but we find little support for the hypothesis that the evolution of the bulb, corm or tuber appears to provide a diversification increase relative to rhizomatous and non-geophytic taxa. Our broad scale analysis highlights the overall evolutionary importance of the geophytic habit (i.e., belowground bud placement). However, our results also suggest that belowground morphological diversity alone cannot explain this rate increase. In order to further test the evolutionary significance of these underground structures, future studies should consider them in combination with other biotic and abiotic factors.
Geophyte ecophysiology and traits
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Premise of the study: </b>In semi-arid regions, decreasing rainfall presents a challenge to perennial seedlings that must reach sufficient size to survive the first year's seasonal drought. Attaining a large storage organ size has been hypothesized to enhance drought resilience in geophytes, but building larger storage organs requires greater growth rates, and paradoxically, some traits conferring faster growth are highly sensitive to drought. We examine if tuber size confers greater drought resilience in seedlings of four closely related geophytic species of <i>Pelargonium</i>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods:</b> We imposed two drought treatments when seedlings were two months old: chronic low water and acute water restriction for ten days. Plants in the acute dry-down treatment were then rewatered at control levels. We compared morphological and ecophysiological traits at two, three and six months of age and used mixed-effects models to identify traits determining tuber biomass at dormancy. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Key results:</b> Despite ten-fold variation in size, species had similar physiological trait values under well-watered conditions. Chronic and acute droughts negatively affected tuber size at the end of the season, but only in the two species with large tubers. Chronic drought did not affect physiological traits of any species, but in response to acute drought, larger species showed reduced photosynthetic performance. Canopy area was the best predictor of final tuber biomass. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Conclusions:</b> Contradictory to the hypothesis that large tubers provide greater drought resiliency, in <i>Pelargonium </i>seedlings smallness actually increased drought tolerance, although at the expense of more vigorous growth compared to species with larger tubers under well-watered conditions. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Kiepiel and Johnson – American Journal of Botany 2024 – Scent-mediated bee pollination and myrmecochory in an enigmatic geophyte with pyrogenic flowering and subterranean development of fleshy fruits
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FIGURE 1. Peperomia tubericordata A in Peperomia tubericordata (Piperaceae), a new geophytic species from Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Peperomia tubericordata A. general habit; B. part of fruiting rachis.
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