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57 results for “goldenrods”

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edi48/100

Climate warming and drought modify galling effects on tall goldenrod

These data and R scripts are from a study of climate change impacts on galling in goldenrod (Solidago altissima), at Kellogg Biological Station Long-Term Ecological Research (KBS LTER) site, Hickory Corners, Michigan, USA during the summers of 2021-2022 (REX 2024). This study set is part of the KBS LTER Rainfall Exclusion eXperiment (REX). Goldenrod plants with and without galls caused by Rhopalomyia solidaginis were exposed to warmed, drought, and warmed x drought treatments, and ambient (no treatment) and irrigated control conditions. Warming was achieved by use of open-top chambers for tall-stature plant communities (Welshofer et al. 2018 MEE) and a 6-week drought was implemented by use of rain-out shelters (Kahmark et al. 2024 Zenodo). L0 data are available upon request; they include the raw data from the KBS LTER REX project. The scripts that are used to clean L0 data and produce L1 data are also available upon request. The L1 data are the result of merged L0 data and are cleaned for typos and use standardized names. L1 data contain plant and gall traits from all treatments. The L2 scripts use the L1 data for statistical analyses and to create figures. Literature cited: Kahmark, K., Jones, M., Bohm, S., Baker, N., & Robertson, G. P. (2024). Rainfall manipulation shelters for agricultural research. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10607631. Rain Exclusion eXperiment (REX). (2024). https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/research/rainfall-exclusion-experiment/. https://lter.kbs.msu.edu/research/rainfall-exclusion-experiment/. Welshofer KB, Zarnetske PL, Lany NK, Thompson LAE (2018) Open-top chambers for temperature manipulation in taller-stature plant communities. Methods Ecol Evol 9:254–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12863.

openCC (other)Jan 2026View details →

edi40/100

Dynamics of Chapman's goldenrod (Solidago odora var. chapmanii) with fire at Archbold Biological Station, 1991-2000

This dataset summarizes the dynamics of Chapman's goldenrod (Solidago odora var. chapmanii) at Archbold Biological Station from 1991-2000. The data were collected from 23 quadrats, each 1 meter square. Quadrats were located across the Station, mainly in southern ridge sandhill (hickory phase), also known as oak-hickory scrub. The quadrats have a complex fire history during the study, as summarized by six fire variables indicating the years of burns and the total number of burns for each quadrat. Monitoring in quadrats started at various times from 1991-1995, usually shortly after prescribed fires. Quadrats were visited annually in the late summer or fall (August except in September and October in 1991 and 1992, respectively). With each visit, we counted the number of stems and the number of flowering stems. We also measured the heights of each stem and provided the mean height in cm for each quadrat. Because this species is clonal, we do not consider the data as representing a particular number of genetic individuals. We did not include data in plots that had burned within the previous four months. We also collected data from excavations and from observations of herbivores; these data are not included in this dataset. We found that densities decreased following fire, that flowering was concentrated in the first two years after fire, and that repeated burns reproduced these patterns. Together with other data, we suggested that Chapman's goldenrod was unusual among Florida scrub plants in having three modes of post-fire recovery (resprouting, clonal growth, seedling recruitment) and that its life history was characterized by persistence between fires (as a persistent bud bank) and strong post-fire positive responses.

openCC0Oct 2018View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Manipulation of cytosine methylation does not remove latitudinal clines in two invasive goldenrod species in Central Europe

Invasive species frequently differentiate phenotypically in novel environments within a few generations, often even with limited genetic variation. For the invasive plants Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea, we tested whether such differentiation might have happened through heritable epigenetic changes in cytosine methylation. In a two-year common-garden experiment, we grew plants from seeds collected along a latitudinal gradient in their non-native Central European range to test for trait differentiation and whether differentiation disappeared when seeds were treated with the demethylation agent zebularine. Microsatellite markers revealed no population structure along the latitudinal gradient in S. canadensis, but three genetic clusters in S. gigantea. Solidago canadensis showed latitudinal clines in flowering phenology and growth. In S. gigantea, the number of clonal offspring decreased with latitude. Although zebularine had a significant effect on early growth, likely through effects on cytosine methylation, latitudinal clines remained (or even got stronger) in plants raised from seeds treated with zebularine. Thus, our experiment provides no evidence that epigenetic mechanisms by selective cytosine methylation contribute to the observed phenotypic differentiation in invasive goldenrods in Central Europe.

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

dryad36/100

Phylogeographic and demographic modelling analyses of the multiple origins of the rheophytic goldenrod Solidago yokusaiana

Understanding adaptation mechanisms is important in evolutionary biology. Parallel adaptation provides good opportunities to investigate adaptive evolution. To confirm parallel adaptation, it is effective to examine whether the phenotypic similarity has one or multiple origins and to use demographic modelling to consider the gene flow between ecotypes. Solidago yokusaiana is a rheophyte endemic to the Japanese Archipelago that diverged from Solidago virgaurea. This study examined the parallel origins of S. yokusaiana by distinguishing between multiple and single origins and subsequent gene flow. The haplotypes of non-coding chloroplast DNA and genotypes at 14 nuclear simple sequence repeat (nSSR) loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed by double-digest restriction-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) were used for phylogeographic analysis; the SNPs were also used to model population demographics. Some chloroplast haplotypes were common to S. yokusaiana and its ancestor S. virgaurea. Also, the population genetic structures revealed by nSSR and SNPs did not correspond to the taxonomic species. The demographic modelling supported the multiple origins of S. yokusaiana in at least four districts and rejected a single origin with ongoing gene flow between the two species, implying that S. yokusaiana independently and repeatedly adapted to frequently flooding riversides.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Evolution of invasion syndrome in invasive goldenrod is not constrained by genetic trade-offs

A suite of plant traits is thought to make weed populations highly invasive, including vigorous growth and reproduction, superior competitive ability, and high dispersal ability. Using a breeding design and a common garden experiment, we tested whether such an "invasion syndrome" has evolved in an invasive range of Solidago altissima, and whether the evolution is likely to be genetically constrained. We found an overall shift in invasive phenotypes between native North American and invasive Japanese populations. The invasive populations were taller and produced more leaves, suggesting a superior ability to exploit limited resources. The populations also produced more allelopathic compounds that can suppress competitor growth. Finally, invasive populations produced more seeds, which are smaller and are released from a greater height, indicating a potential for superior dispersal ability than the native populations. Quantitative genetics analyses found a large amount of additive genetic variation in most focal traits across native and invasive populations, with no systematic differences in its magnitude between the ranges. Genetic covariances among three traits representing invasion strategies (leaf mass, polyacetylene concentration and seed size) were small. The R metric, which measures the effect of genetic covariances on the rate of adaptation, indicated that the covariance neither constrains nor accelerates concerted evolution of these traits. The results suggest that the invasion syndrome in S. altissima has evolved in the novel range due to ample additive genetic variation, and relatively free from genetic trade-offs.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

dryad36/100

A geographic mosaic of coevolution between Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) and its host plant tall goldenrod Solidago altissima (L.)

A geographic mosaic of coevolution has produced local reciprocal adaptation in tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima (L.), and the goldenrod ball gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch 1855). The fly is selected to induce gall diameters that minimize mortality from natural enemies, and the plant is selected to limit gall growth that reduces plant fitness. We conducted a double reciprocal transplant experiment where S. altissima and E. solidaginis from three sites were grown in gardens at each site to partition the gall morphology variation into fly genotype, plant genotype, and the environment components. The host plant gall diameter induced by each E. solidaginis population was adapted to inhibit local natural enemies from ovipositing on or consuming enclosed larvae. Reciprocally, increasing the gall size induced by the local fly population increased the resistance of the local plant host population to gall growth. Differences among sites in natural enemies produced a mosaic of hotspots of coevolutionary arms races between flies selecting for greater gall diameter and plants for smaller diameters, and coldspots where there is no selection on plant or fly for a change in gall diameter. In contrast, the geographic variations of gall length and gall shape were not due to coevolutionary interactions.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Data for: Genome material costs and functional tradeoffs in the autopolyploid Solidago gigantea (Giant Goldenrod) series

Premise of study: Increased genomic "material costs" of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) atoms inherent to organisms with larger genome sizes (GS) has been proposed to limit growth under nutrient scarcities and promote growth under nutrient enrichments. Such responsiveness may reflect a nutrient-dependent diploid versus polyploid advantage that could have vast ecological and evolutionary implications, but direct evidence that material costs increase with ploidy-level and/or influence cytotype-dependent growth, metabolic, and/or resource-use tradeoffs is limited. Methods: We grew diploid, auto-tetraploid, and auto-hexaploid Solidago gigantea plants under one of four ambient and enriched N:P treatments and measured traits related to material costs, primary and secondary metabolism, and resource-use. Key results: Relative to diploids, polyploids invested more N and P into cells and tetraploids grew more following N-enrichments, suggesting that material costs increase with ploidy-level. Polyploids also generally exhibited strategies that could minimize material-cost-constraints over both long (reduced monoploid GS) and short (more extreme transcriptome downsizing, reduced photosynthesis rates and terpene concentrations, enhanced N-use efficiencies) evolutionary time periods. Furthermore, polyploids had lower transpiration rates but higher water-use-efficiencies than diploids, both of which were more pronounced under nutrient-limiting conditions. Conclusions: Collectively we found that NP material costs increase with ploidy-level but that material-cost-constraints might be lessened by organismal resource allocation/investment mechanisms that can also alter ecological dynamics and selection. Our results enhance mechanistic understanding of how global increases in nutrients might provide a release from material-cost-constraints in polyploids that could impact ploidy (or GS)-specific performances, cytogeographic patterning, and multispecies community structuring.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Investigating the effects of whole genome duplication on phenotypic plasticity: Implications for the invasion success of Giant Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea)

Polyploidy commonly occurs in invasive species and phenotypic plasticity (PP, the ability to alter one's phenotype in different environments), is predicted to be enhanced in polyploids and contribute to their invasive success. However, empirical support that increased PP is frequent in polyploids and/or confers invasive success is limited. Here, we investigated if polyploids are more pre-adapted to become invasive than diploids via the scaling of trait values and PP with ploidy-level, and if post-introduction selection has led to a divergence in trait values and PP responses between native- and non-native cytotypes. We grew diploid, tetraploid (from both native North American and non-native European ranges), and hexaploid Solidago gigantea in pots outside with low, medium, and high soil nitrogen and phosphorus (NP) amendments, and measured traits related to growth, asexual reproduction, physiology, and insects/pathogen resistance. We found little evidence to suggest that polyploidy and post-selection shaped mean trait and PP responses. To examine invasion dynamics, we compared diploids to tetraploids (as their introduction into Europe was more likely), and found that tetraploids had greater pathogen resistance, photosynthetic capacities, and water-use efficiencies and generally performed better under NP enrichments. Furthermore, tetraploids invested more into roots than shoots in low NP and into shoots than roots in high NP and this resource strategy is beneficial under variable NP conditions. Lastly, native-tetraploids exhibited greater plasticity in biomass accumulation, clonal-ramet production and water-use efficiency. Cumulatively, tetraploid S. gigantea possesses traits that might have pre-disposed and enabled them to become successful invaders. Our findings highlight that trait expression and invasive species dynamics are nuance while also providing insight into the invasion success and cyto-geographic patterning of S. gigantea that can be broadly applied to other invasive species with polyploid complexes.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

dryad36/100