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3 results for “grass damage”
Data for “Herbivory damage but not plant disease under experimental warming is dependent on weather for three subalpine grass species”, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, Colorado, 2015-2017.
Both theory and prior studies predict that climate warming should increase attack rates by herbivores and pathogens on plants. However, past work has often assumed that variation in abiotic conditions other than temperature (e.g., precipitation) do not alter warming responses of plant damage by natural enemies. Studies over short time periods span low variation in weather, and studies over long-time scales often neglect to account for fine-scale weather conditions. Here, we used a 20+ year field warming experiment to investigate if warming affects herbivory and disease are dependent on variation in ambient weather observed over three years. We studied three common grass species in a subalpine meadow in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. We visually estimated herbivory and disease every two-weeks during the growing season and evaluated weather conditions during the previous two- or four-week time interval (two-week average air temperature, two- and four-week cumulative precipitation) as predictors of the probability and amount of damage. Herbivore attack was 13% more likely and amount of damage was 29% greater in warmed plots than controls across the focal species, but warming treatment had little affect on plant disease. Herbivory presence and damage increased the most with experimental warming when preceded by wetter, rather than drier, fine-scale weather, but preceding ambient temperature did not strongly interact with elevated warming to influence herbivory. Disease presence and damage increased, on average, with warmer weather and more precipitation regardless of warming. The effect of warming over reference climate on herbivore damage is dependent on and amplified by fine-scale weather variation, suggesting more boom-and-bust damage dynamics with increasing climate variability. However, the mean effect of regional climate change is likely reduced monsoon rainfall, for which we predict a reduction in insect herbivore damage. Plant disease was generally unrelated
FIGURES 1–6 in A new genus and species of Australian pergid sawfly (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Pergidae) causing damage on grass (Poaceae)
FIGURES 1–6, Dalia graminis: 1, Antenna in lateral view, 2, Head in dorsal view, 3, Fore wing, 4, Hind wing, 5, Lancet, 6, Full grown larva.
FIGURES 7–9 in A new genus and species of Australian pergid sawfly (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Pergidae) causing damage on grass (Poaceae)
FIGURES 7–9, Dalia graminis: 7, Larva feeding on host plant, 8, Eonymph removed from cocoon, with remains of cocoon on right, 9, Cocoon.
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