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5 results for “green-brown polymorphism”
Data from: Ontogeny of color development in two green-brown polymorphic grasshopper species
<p class="MsoNormal">Many insects, including several orthopterans, undergo dramatic changes in body coloration during ontogeny. This variation is particularly intriguing in gomphocerine grasshoppers, where the green and brown morphs appear to be genetically determined (Schielzeth & Dieker, 2020; Winter, Varma, & Schielzeth, 2021). A better understanding of how these color morphs develop during ontogeny can provide valuable insights into the evolution and ecology of such a widespread color polymorphism. Here, we focus on the color development of two green-brown polymorphic species, the club-legged grasshopper <em>Gomphocerus sibiricus </em>and the steppe grasshopper <em>Chorthippus</em> <em>dorsatus</em>. By following the color development of individuals from hatching to adulthood, we found that color morph differences begin to develop during the second nymphal stage,<span> are clearly defined by the third nymphal stage,</span> and remain stable throughout the life of an individual. Interestingly, we also observed that <span>shed skins of late nymphal stages are identifiable by color morphs based on their yellowish coloration, rather than the green that marks green body parts. </span>Furthermore, by assessing how these colors are perceived by different visual systems, we found that certain potential predators can chromatically discriminate between morphs, while others may not. These results suggest that the putative genes controlling color morph are active during the early stages of ontogeny, and that green color is likely composed of two components, one present in the cuticle and one not. In addition, the effectiveness of camouflage appears to vary depending on the specific predator involved.</p>
Data from: Evidence for morph-specific substrate choice in a green-brown polymorphic grasshopper
<p>Orthopteran insects are characterized by high variability in body coloration, in particular featuring a widespread green-brown color polymorphism. The mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of this apparently balanced polymorphism are not yet understood. To investigate whether morph-dependent microhabitat choice might contribute to the continued coexistence of multiple morphs, we studied substrate choice in the meadow grasshopper <i>Pseudochorthippus parallelus.</i> The meadow grasshopper occurs in multiple discrete, genetically determined color morphs that range from uniform brown to uniform green. We tested whether three common morphs preferentially choose differently colored backgrounds in an experimental arena. We found that a preference for green backgrounds was most pronounced in uniform green morphs. If differential choices improve morph-specific performance in natural habitats via crypsis and/or thermoregulatory benefits, they could help to equalize fitness differences among color morphs and potentially produce frequency-dependent microhabitat competition, though difference appear too small to serve as the only explanation. We also measured the reflectance of the grasshoppers and backgrounds and used visual modelling to quantify the detectability of the different morphs to a range of potential predators. Multiple potential predators, including birds and spiders, are predicted to distinguish between morphs chromatically, while other species, possibly including grasshoppers themselves, will perceive only differences in brightness. Our study provides the first evidence that morph-specific microhabitat choice might be relevant to the maintenance of the green-brown polymorphisms in grasshoppers and shows that visual distinctness of color morphs varies between perceivers.</p>
Data from: Evidence for morph-specific substrate choice in a green-brown polymorphic grasshopper
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Replicated differential expression analysis in a green-brown polymorphic grasshopper reveals role of beta-carotene-binding protein in body coloration
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Data from: Ontogeny of color development in two green-brown polymorphic grasshopper species
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