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226 results for “grooming”
Figure 6 in Grooming behaviors and fouling of the spider crab Libinia dubia (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 6. Mean time (s), with standard error bars, spent grooming body regions in 30-min isolation observations (N=142), A. Mean time grooming body regions (H=291, df=14, p<0.001), with x-axis organized by anterior body regions on the left to posterior body regions on the right. Sensory and respiratory structures were designated by gray bars: A1, A2, E, G; decoration body regions were designated by a black bars: R, RG, M, P. White bars are body regions not associated with sensory, respiratory, or decorations. B. Mean time grooming of sensory/respiratory structures (gray bars) compared to body regions where decorations (black bars) are attached (N=598, t=9.48, p<0.001). A1, first antennae; A2, second antennae; ABD, abdomen; AM, all maxillipeds; E, eye; G, gills; M, dorsal mid-carapace; LC, left P1 cheliped; M1, first maxilliped; M2, second maxilliped; 3M, third maxilliped; P, pereiopods 2–5 (walking legs); R, rostrum; RC, right P1 cheliped; RG, lateral ridge. Note: Similar letters indicate no statistical significance (p>0.05) and different letters indicate a statistical significance (p<0.05).
Figure 8. Gills from the ablation experiment, with images A–D from the side with the 3M epipod ablated and images E–H from the side with all gill grooming appendages intact. A in Grooming behaviors and fouling of the spider crab Libinia dubia (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 8. Gills from the ablation experiment, with images A–D from the side with the 3M epipod ablated and images E–H from the side with all gill grooming appendages intact. A. Dorsal view of gill, with the central axis and lamellae both fouled; inset showing "shark teeth" nodules on lamellae with minimal fouling. B. Ventral view of gill, with minimal fouling between lamellae. C. Ventral view of gill, with heavily fouled lamellae mostly of sediment. D. Fouling by a gooseneck barnacle attached to lamellae, with minimal. E. Dorsal view of gill, with the central axis and lamellae both fouled; inset showing "shark teeth" nodules on lamellae with fouling. F. Ventral view of gill, with fouling in between lamellae. G. Ventral view of gill, with fouling on gill surface and simple setae along edge. H. Fouling by a gooseneck barnacle attached to lamellae, with minimal fouling.
Figure 5 in Grooming behaviors and fouling of the spider crab Libinia dubia (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 5. Mean frequency of grooming mechanism, with standard error bars, mechanisms in 30-min isolation observations (N=142; scrape/pick: z=1.16, p=0.246; flap/brush: z=2.18, p=0.029). Note: Similar letters indicate no statistical significance (p>0.05) and different letters indicate a statistical significance (p<0.05).
Figure 4 in Grooming behaviors and fouling of the spider crab Libinia dubia (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 4. Mean frequency of grooms, with standard error bars, by grooming appendages in 30-min isolation observations (N=142). A. Mean frequency of grooms for each of the grooming appendages, with genders combined (z=3.39, p<001). B. Mean frequency of grooms for each of the grooming appendages, with the genders separated; males groomed with their 3M more than P1 (z=3.23, p=0.001) whereas females groomed with the 3M and P1 appendages equally (z=1.40, p=0.140). 3M, third maxilliped; P1, pereiopod #1 (cheliped). Note: Similar letters indicate no statistical significance (p>0.05) and different letters indicate a statistical significance (p<0.05).
Figure 3 in Grooming behaviors and fouling of the spider crab Libinia dubia (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 3. Frequency of grooms, with standard error bars, per body region during 30-min isolation observations (N=142; N=89 males; N=53 females) for males and females. A. Mean frequency of grooms for males and females for body regions (males: H=248, p<0.001; females: H=101, p<0.001); x-axis organized by anterior body regions on the left to posterior body regions on the right. B. Grooming frequency of sensory and respiratory structures compared to body regions where decorations are attached for males and females (sensory/respiratory: N=568, df=540, t=- 2.67, p=0.008; decorating: N=568, df=523, t=-1.97, p=0.049). A1, first antennae; A2, second antennae; ABD, abdomen; AM, all maxillipeds; E, eye; G, gills; M, dorsal mid-carapace; LC, left P1 cheliped; M1, first maxilliped; M2, second maxilliped; 3M, third maxilliped; P (_), pereiopods 2–5 (walking legs); R, rostrum; RC, right P1 cheliped; RG, lateral ridge. Note: Sensory and respiratory body regions were A1, A2, E, G; decoration body regions were R, RG, M, P. Note: Similar letters indicate no statistical significance (p>0.05) and different letters indicate a statistical significance (p<0.05).
Figure 1 in Grooming behaviors and fouling of the spider crab Libinia dubia (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 1. Relationship between grooming frequency and grooming time budget by carapace width (mm) for males and females in 30-min isolation observations (N=142). A. Mean grooming frequency by carapace width for males and females; no relationship between number of times individuals groomed and their body size (R2=0.003, y=.092x+10.3). B. Mean grooming time budget by carapace width for males and females; no relationship between time spent grooming and body size (R2=0.005, y=1.044x+48.2).
Figure 7 in Grooming behaviors and fouling of the spider crab Libinia dubia (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 7. Mean frequency and time (s), with standard error bars, of individuals behaviors in 30-min agonistic observations (N=45). A. Mean frequency of behaviors (H=82.6, df=4, p<0.001). B. Mean time budget spent performing behaviors (H=75.6, df=4, p<0.001). Note: Similar letters indicate no statistical significance (p>0.05) and different letters indicate a statistical significance (p<0.05).
Figure 2 in Grooming behaviors and fouling of the spider crab Libinia dubia (Decapoda: Epialtidae)
Figure 2. Grooming frequency and grooming time, with standard error bars, of males and females in 30-min isolation observations (N=142 total; N=89 males; N=53 females). A. Mean frequency of grooms by males and females (z=-10.3, p<0.001). B. Mean time spent grooming by males and females (z=1.95, p=0.0507). Note: Similar letters indicate no statistical significance (p>0.05) and different letters indicate a statistical significance (p<0.05).
No evidence that grooming is exchanged for coalitionary support in the short- or long-term via direct or generalized reciprocity in unrelated rhesus macaques
<p>Reciprocity is a prominent explanation for cooperation between non-kin. Studies seeking to demonstrate reciprocity often focus on direct reciprocity in the timescale of minutes to hours, whereas alternative mechanisms like generalised reciprocity and the possibility of reciprocation over longer timescales of months and years are less often explored. Using a playback experiment, we tested for evidence of direct and generalised reciprocity, across short and longer timescales. We examined the exchange of grooming for coalitionary support between female rhesus macaques in a population with a complete genetic pedigree. Females that received grooming were not more responsive to calls for coalitionary support from female groupmates compared to control females that received agonism or no interaction – even when the call belonged to a females' most recent grooming partner. Similarly, females were not more responsive to calls for support from their most frequent grooming partner of the last two years, nor if they received large amounts of grooming from all other females in their group. We interpret these results as an absence of evidence for direct or generalised reciprocity on any timescale in the exchange of grooming for coalitionary support in rhesus macaques. If grooming is exchanged for support in this population, it is with an intensity below our ability to detect or over a longer timescale than we examined. We propose by-product explanations may be responsible and highlight the importance of investigating multiple mechanisms when testing apparently cooperative behaviours.</p>
Simulated hydrological effects of grooming and snowmaking in a ski resort on the local water balance
<p>Dataset to reproduce Figure 9 in Morin et. al, 2023, Simulated hydrological effects of grooming and snowmaking in a ski resort on the local water balance, Hydro. Earth. Syst. Sci.</p>
No evidence that grooming is exchanged for coalitionary support in the short- or long-term via direct or generalized reciprocity in unrelated rhesus macaques
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Data from: Developmental loss of neurofibromin across distributed neuronal circuits drives excessive grooming in Drosophila
<p>Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a monogenetic disorder that predisposes individuals to tumor formation and cognitive and behavioral symptoms. The neuronal circuitry and developmental events underlying these neurological symptoms are unknown. To better understand how mutations of the underlying gene (<i>NF1</i>) drive behavioral alterations, we have examined grooming in the <i>Drosophila</i> neurofibromatosis 1 model. Mutations of the fly <i>NF1</i> ortholog drive excessive grooming, and increased grooming was observed in adults when <i>Nf1</i> was knocked down during development. Furthermore, intact <i>Nf1</i> Ras GAP-related domain signaling was required to maintain normal grooming. The requirement for <i>Nf1</i> was distributed across neuronal circuits, which were additive when targeted in parallel, rather than mapping to discrete microcircuits. Overall, these data suggest that broadly-distributed alterations in neuronal function during development, requiring intact Ras signaling, drive key <i>Nf1</i>-mediated behavioral alterations. Thus, global developmental alterations in brain circuits/systems function may contribute to behavioral phenotypes in neurofibromatosis type 1.</p>
Figure 3 in Chaetotaxy and setal diversity of grooming legs in species of porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae)
Figure 3. (A-H) Photomicrograph (SEM) of grooming leg, Pachycheles grossimanus (Guérin, 1835), male (MZUSP 26392). (A) Left P5, ventral view. (B) Straight serrate setae on distal surface of carpus, lateral view. (C) Detail of the straight serrate setae on distal surface of carpus.(D) Pappose setae (several setae with abraded setulae) on lateroproximal surface of coxa. (E) Simple setae on lateroproximal surface of basis-ischium (arrow indicates the suture line between the basis-ischium). (F) Distal surface of chela, frontal view. (G) Sickle-shaped serrate setae on distoventral surface of propodus. (H) Tooth-like cuspidate and club-shaped setae on distal margin of propodus. Cx = coxa; BI = basis-ischium; M = merus; C = carpus; P = propodus; D = dactylus; CS = club-shaped setae; Pp = pappose setae; S0 = simple setae; S1 = sickle-shaped serrate setae; SS = straight serrate setae; TC = tooth-like cuspidate setae. Scale bars = (A) 0.3 mm; (B, D-F) 0.1 mm; (C, G) 0.01 mm; (H) 0.005 mm.
Figure 4 in Chaetotaxy and setal diversity of grooming legs in species of porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae)
Figure 4. (A, B) Photomicrograph (SEM) of grooming leg, Pachycheles grossimanus (Guérin, 1835), male (MZUSP 26392). (A) Distal margin of propodus and dactylus, frontal view showing tooth-like cuspidate and club-shaped setae. (B) Detail of tooth-like cuspidate and club-shaped setae on distal margin of propodus. (C-H) Photomicrograph (SEM) of grooming leg, Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850), male (MZUSP 24562). (C) Left P5, ventral view. (D) Straight serrate setae on distal surface of carpus. (E) Detail of the straight serrate setae on distal surface of carpus. (F) Dactylus and propodus, lateral view. (G) Tooth-like cuspidate and club-shaped setae on distal margin of dactylus. (H) Detail of tooth-like cuspidate setae on distal margin of dactylus. Cx = coxa; BI = basis-ischium; M = merus; C = carpus; P = propodus; D = dactylus; CS = club-shaped setae; Pp = pappose setae; S0 = simple setae; S1 = sickle-shaped serrate setae; SS = straight serrate setae; TC = toothlike cuspidate setae. Scale bars = (A, B, G) 0.01 mm; (C) 0.3 mm; (D, F) 0.1 mm; (E, H) 0.005 mm.
Figure 7 in Chaetotaxy and setal diversity of grooming legs in species of porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae)
Figure 7. (A-C) Photomicrograph (SEM) of grooming leg, Porcellana platycheles (Pennant, 1777), male (MZUSP 16261). (A) Left P5, lateral view. (B) Dactylus and distal half of propodus, lateral view. (C) Tooth-like cuspidate setae on distal margin of dactylus and propodus. (D-H) Photomicrograph (SEM) of grooming leg, Porcellana sayana (Leach, 1820), male (MZUSP 28138). (D) Left P5, ventral view. (E) Dactylus and distal third of propodus, lateral view. (F) Distal surface of propodus and dactylus, frontal view. (G) Distal margin of propodus and dactylus, frontal view, with tooth-like cuspidate, club-shaped and simple setae. (H) Detail of tooth-like cuspidate setae and club-shaped setae on distal margin of propodus. Note in E distinct gap between fixed and movable fingers when chela is closed, and in H the tooth-like cuspidate setae provided with minute, unevenly sized, slightly acuminate teeth. Cx = coxa; BI = basis-ischium; M = merus; C = carpus; P = propodus; D = dactylus; CS = club-shaped setae; Pp = pappose setae; S0 = simple setae; S1 = sickle-shaped serrate setae; SS = straight serrate setae; TC = tooth-like cuspidate setae. Scale bars = (A, D) 0.3 mm; (B, E, F) 0.1 mm; (C, G, H) 0.01 mm.
Figure 1 in Chaetotaxy and setal diversity of grooming legs in species of porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae)
Figure 1. (A-H) Photomicrograph (SEM) of grooming leg, Megalobrachium pacificum Gore & Abele, 1974, female (MZUSP 33040). (A) Left P5, ventral view. (B) Simple setae on distomesial surface of coxa. (C) Pappose setae on distolateral surface of basis-ischium. (D) Pappose setae on lateral surface of merus. (E) Straight serrate setae on distal surface of carpus, ventral view. (F) Detail of the straight serrate setae on distal surface of carpus. (G) Sickle-shaped serrate setae on distoventral surface of dactylus. (H) Tooth-like cuspidate setae and club-shaped setae on distal margin of dactylus (chelae). Cx = coxa; BI = basis-ischium; M = merus; C = carpus; P = propodus; D = dactylus; CS = club-shaped setae; Pp = pappose setae; S0 = simple setae; S1 = sickle-shaped serrate setae; SS = straight serrate setae; TC = tooth-like cuspidate setae; TP = terminal pore. Scale bars = (A) 0.3 mm; (B, C, E-H) 0.01 mm; (D) 0.1 mm.
Figure 8 in Chaetotaxy and setal diversity of grooming legs in species of porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae)
Figure 8. (A) Megalobrachium roseum (Rathbun, 1900). Schematic representation of the thoracic sternum in ventral view. (B, C) Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850), male, dorsal view (MZUSP 18688). (B) Grooming leg (arrow) folded in Z-form in resting position outside the branchial chamber. (C) Grooming leg (arrow) kept inside the branchial chamber. Abbreviations: CxP1-P5, coxae of pereiopods 1 to 5; CxMxp3, coxae of maxiliped 3; ThSt III-VIII, thoracic sternites III to VIII; 3/4-6/7, thoracic sternal sutures; MA, membranous area. Scale bar: (A) = 1 mm. (B, C) = 5 mm.
Figure 6 in Chaetotaxy and setal diversity of grooming legs in species of porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae)
Figure 6. (A-D) Photomicrograph (SEM) of grooming leg, Pisidia brasiliensis Haig in Rodrigues da Costa, 1968, male (MZUSP 23355). (A) Right P5, ventral view (arrow indicates the male gonopore). (B) Dactylus and distal third of propodus, lateral view. (C) Distal margin of propodus and dactylus with tooth-like cuspidate, club-shaped and simple setae. (D) Tooth-like cuspidate and club-shaped setae on distal margin of propodus. Note in D the inner and outer parts of tooth and terminal pore. (E-H) Photomicrograph (SEM) of the grooming leg, Polyonyx gibbesi Haig, 1956, male (MZUSP 19524). (E) Left P5, ventral view. (F) Distal surface of propodus and dactylus, frontal view. (G) Detail of distal surface of propodus and dactylus, frontal view. (H) Tooth-like cuspidate setae and club-shaped setae on distal margin of propodus. Note in H the tooth-like cuspidate setae provided with minute, unevenly sized, slightly acuminate teeth. Cx = coxa; BI = basis-ischium; M = merus; C = carpus; P = propodus; D = dactylus; CS = club-shaped setae; Pp = pappose setae; S0 = simple setae; S1 = sickle-shaped serrate setae; SS = straight serrate setae; TC = tooth-like cuspidate setae; TP = terminal pore. Scale bars = (A, F) 0.1 mm; (B, C, G) 0.01 mm; (D, H) 0.005 mm; (E) 0.3 mm.
Figure 5 in Chaetotaxy and setal diversity of grooming legs in species of porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae)
Figure 5. (A-F) Photomicrograph (SEM) of grooming leg, Petrolisthes tuberculatus (Guérin, 1835), male (MZUSP 25888). (A) Left P5, ventral view. (B) Distal surface of propodus and dactylus, lateral view. (C) Propodus and dactylus, lateral view. (D) Sickle-shaped serrate setae on distal surface of propodus. (E) Dactylus and distal third of propodus, lateral view. (F) Tooth-like cuspidate and club-shaped setae on distal margin of propodus. (G, H) Photomicrograph (SEM) of grooming leg, Pisidia longicornis (Linnaeus, 1767), male (MZUSP 18730). (G, H) Photomicrograph (SEM) of grooming leg, Pisidia longicornis (Linnaeus, 1767), male (MZUSP 18730). (G) Left P5, ventral view (arrow indicates the hinged articulation and the extensive area of arthrodial membrane between merus and carpus). (H) Tooth-like cuspidate setae on distal margin of dactylus. Note in B scattered club-shaped setae on the closing surface of dactylus, and in F tooth-like cuspidate setae furnished with a strong, single median spine. Cx = coxa; BI = basis-ischium; M = merus; C = carpus; P = propodus; D = dactylus; CS = club-shaped setae; Pp = pappose setae; S0 = simple setae; S1 = sickle-shaped serrate setae; SS = straight serrate setae; TC = tooth-like cuspidate setae. Scale bars = (A, G) 0.3 mm; (B, H) 0.005 mm; (C, E) 0.1 mm; (D, F) 0.01 mm.
Figure 2 in Chaetotaxy and setal diversity of grooming legs in species of porcelain crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellanidae)
Figure 2. (A-H) Photomicrograph (SEM) of grooming leg, Megalobrachium roseum (Rathbun, 1900), female (MZUSP 33143). (A) Left P5, ventral view. (B) Pappose setae on distolateral surface of basis-ischium. (C) Straight serrate setae on distal surface of carpus, ventral view. (D) Detail of the straight serrate setae on distal surface of carpus. (E) Distal surface of chela (propodus and dactylus), frontal view. (F) Dactylus and distal third of propodus, lateral view. (G) Distal margin of propodus and dactylus with tooth-like cuspidate and club-shaped setae. (H) Detail of tooth-like cuspidate setae on distal margin of propodus and dactylus. Note in F distinct gap between fixed and movable fingers when chela is closed. Cx = coxa; BI = basis-ischium; M = merus; C = carpus; P = propodus; D = dactylus; CS = club-shaped setae; Pp = pappose setae; S0 = simple setae; S1 = sickle-shaped serrate setae; SS = straight serrate setae;TC = tooth-like cuspidate setae. Scale bars = (A) 0.1 mm; (B-D, G) 0.01 mm; (E, F) 0.05 mm; (H) 0.005 mm.
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