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25 results for “groundwater invertebrates”
Data from: Invertebrate diversity in groundwater filled lava caves is influenced by both neutral and niche-based processes
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Understanding which factors shape and maintain biodiversity is essential to understand how ecosystems respond to crises. Biodiversity in ecological communities is a result of the interaction of various factors which can be classified as neutral or niche-based. The importance of these processes has been debated, but many scientists believe that both processes are important. Here we examined the importance of neutral vs. niche-based factors for shaping invertebrate communities. We hypothesized that if neutral processes are the main drivers of community structure we would not see any clear relationship between the structure of community and ecological factors. If niche-based processes are important we should see clear relationships between community structure and variation in ecological variables.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Groundwater-filled lava caves near Lake Mývatn, Iceland.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We collected various ecological variables from these caves. Invertebrate communities were collected on the hard bottom using stone scrubbing and from epibenthic traps. Results: Both communities were species-poor, with low densities of invertebrates, showing the resource-limited and oligotrophic nature of these systems. Unusually for Icelandic freshwater ecosystems, the benthic communities were not dominated by Chironomidae (Diptera) larvae, but rather by crustaceans, mainly Cladocera. The epibenthic communities were not shaped by environmental variables, suggesting that they may be structured primarily by neutral processes. The benthic communities were shaped by the availability of energy, and to some extent pH, suggesting that niche-based processes were important drivers of community structure, although neutral processes may still be relevant. </p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: The results suggest that both processes are important for invertebrate communities in freshwater, and research should focus on understanding both of these processes. The ponds we studied are representative of a number of freshwater ecosystems that are extremely vulnerable to human disturbance, making it even more important to understand how their biodiversity is shaped and maintained.</p>
Data from: Invertebrate diversity in groundwater filled lava caves is influenced by both neutral and niche-based processes
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Data from: Invertebrate biodiversity in cold groundwater fissures in Iceland
Iceland has an abundance of fissures that are parallel to the Mid-Atlantic ridge where bedrock cracks as a result of continental rifting. Some fissures penetrate the aquifer and expose the groundwater within the bedrock, becoming springs. As such, groundwater fissures have uniform and constant physical and chemical environment but they can differ greatly in morphology. In addition, there is often great variation in depth within fissures and substrate types contrast between vertical rock wall and more heterogenous horizontal bottom. The variation in morphological environment may create dissimilar habitats with unique characteristics and/or influence distribution of resources. Our objective was to study macrozoobenthos communities in cold groundwater fissures in Iceland in relation to physical habitat by comparing invertebrate diversity and density both between fissures with different morphological characteristics as well as between substrate types and depths within fissures. Samples were collected in two fissures in SW Iceland, Silfra and Flosagjá. Assemblages were similar between fissures except for higher densities of cladocerans in Flosagjá fissure. Within fissures, there was significant difference in Shannon diversity between substrate types in Flosgjá and ostracods were found in significantly higher densities on bottom. The distribution of all other taxa groups was homogenous in both fissures regardless of depth gradient and substrate. Invertebrates were found to be living within and around a biofilm that covered the entire substrate. These biofilm mats are made from Cyanobacteria and benthic diatoms, which are successful under low light conditions and may minimize any effect of the heterogeneous habitat creating a uniform and suitable microhabitat for invertebrates regardless of depth and substrate type.
Supplementary material 2 from: Glanville K, Schulz C, Tomlinson M, Butler D (2016) Biodiversity and biogeography of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. Subterranean Biology 17: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.7542
Biogeography of undescribed families and/or genera of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. : Explanation note: This dataset contains a supplementary table of undescribed families and/or genera of groundwater invertebrates by higher rank in each subregion of Queensland, Australia.
Supplementary material 1 from: Glanville K, Schulz C, Tomlinson M, Butler D (2016) Biodiversity and biogeography of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. Subterranean Biology 17: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.7542
Biogeography of described families and genera of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. : Explanation note: This dataset contains a supplementary table of described families and genera of groundwater invertebrates by higher rank in each subregion of Queensland, Australia.
Supplementary material 1 from: Knight L, Brancelj A, Hänfling B, Cheney C (2015) The groundwater invertebrate fauna of the Channel Islands. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4792
Table 2: Invertebrate taxa recorded from wells and boreholes on Jersey: Explanation note: List of taxa recorded on Jersey.
Supplementary material 4 from: Knight L, Brancelj A, Hänfling B, Cheney C (2015) The groundwater invertebrate fauna of the Channel Islands. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4792
Table 5: Invertebrate taxa recorded from wells and boreholes on Sark: Explanation note: List of taxa recorded on Sark.
Supplementary material 3 from: Knight L, Brancelj A, Hänfling B, Cheney C (2015) The groundwater invertebrate fauna of the Channel Islands. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4792
Table 4: Invertebrate taxa recorded from wells and boreholes on Alderney: Explanation note: List of taxa recorded on Alderney.
Supplementary material 2 from: Knight L, Brancelj A, Hänfling B, Cheney C (2015) The groundwater invertebrate fauna of the Channel Islands. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4792
Table 3: Invertebrate taxa recorded from wells, boreholes and springs on Guernsey: Explanation note: List of taxa recorded on Guernsey.
Data from: Invertebrate biodiversity in cold groundwater fissures in Iceland
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Figure 1 from: Knight L, Brancelj A, Hänfling B, Cheney C (2015) The groundwater invertebrate fauna of the Channel Islands. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4792
Figure 1 - The location of the Channel Islands in the English Channel (map from Robins et al. 2012).
Figure 10 from: Glanville K, Schulz C, Tomlinson M, Butler D (2016) Biodiversity and biogeography of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. Subterranean Biology 17: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.7542
Figure 10 - Scatterplots showing the relationship between stygofauna taxon richness per sample and different physico-chemical variables; In Figure 10 the scatterplots presented are based on available data in the Queensland Subterranean Aquatic Fauna database where: depth to groundwater is available for 113 samples in meters below ground level (mbgl); electrical conductivity is available for 137 samples in microSiemens per centimetre (μS/cm); pH is available for 130 samples; and temperature is available for 77 samples in degrees Celsius (°C).
Figure 5 from: Glanville K, Schulz C, Tomlinson M, Butler D (2016) Biodiversity and biogeography of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. Subterranean Biology 17: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.7542
Figure 5 - Biogeography of described families in Queensland, Australia; In Figure 5 the total number of subregions a described family has been recorded inhabiting is indicated by numerical figures located to the right of the bars and the total number of samples is indicated by numerical figures located along the y-axis.
Figure 4 from: Glanville K, Schulz C, Tomlinson M, Butler D (2016) Biodiversity and biogeography of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. Subterranean Biology 17: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.7542
Figure 4 - Stygofauna discovery rates by lithology in Queensland, Australia; In Figure 4 the discovery rate of stygofauna is indicated by numerical figures located above the columns, the total number of samples is indicated by numerical figures located along the x-axis, and the average stygofauna discovery rate (28%) is plotted as a grey, dashed line.
Figure 8 from: Glanville K, Schulz C, Tomlinson M, Butler D (2016) Biodiversity and biogeography of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. Subterranean Biology 17: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.7542
Figure 8 - Distribution of described families across different lithologies in Queensland, Australia; In Figure 8 the total number of lithologies is indicated by numerical figures located to the right of the bars and the total number of samples is indicated by numerical figures located along the y-axis.
Figure 7 from: Glanville K, Schulz C, Tomlinson M, Butler D (2016) Biodiversity and biogeography of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. Subterranean Biology 17: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.7542
Figure 7 - Diversity of described families across different lithologies in Queensland, Australia; In Figure 7 the total number of described families is indicated by numerical figures located above the columns and the total number of samples is indicated by numerical figures located along the x-axis.
Figure 6 from: Glanville K, Schulz C, Tomlinson M, Butler D (2016) Biodiversity and biogeography of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. Subterranean Biology 17: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.7542
Figure 6 - Diversity of described families in different IBRA subregions in Queensland, Australia; In Figure 6 the total number of described families is indicated by numerical figures located to the right of the bars and the total number of samples is indicated by numerical figures located along the y-axis.
Figure 9 from: Glanville K, Schulz C, Tomlinson M, Butler D (2016) Biodiversity and biogeography of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. Subterranean Biology 17: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.7542
Figure 9 - Comparison of systemic composition of described families from Australia and the World Average; In Figure 9 the systemic composition of described stygofauna families is compared between the Pilbara region (Western Australia, Australia) derived from Eberhard et al. (2005), Queensland (Australia), and the World Average derived from Eberhard et al. (2005).
Figure 3 from: Glanville K, Schulz C, Tomlinson M, Butler D (2016) Biodiversity and biogeography of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. Subterranean Biology 17: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.7542
Figure 3 - Distribution of stygofauna sampling effort by lithology in Queensland, Australia; In Figure 3 the total number of samples is indicated by numerical figures located above the columns and the percentage of samples is indicated by numerical figures along the x-axis.
Figure 2 from: Glanville K, Schulz C, Tomlinson M, Butler D (2016) Biodiversity and biogeography of groundwater invertebrates in Queensland, Australia. Subterranean Biology 17: 55-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.17.7542
Figure 2 - Outline map of Queensland, Australia highlighting the location of stygofauna sampling sites and other localities; In Figure 2 an outline map shows the location of all 582 stygofauna sampling sites and other key localities mentioned in the text (e.g. Bowen Basin, Murray–Darling Basin, Proserpine–Sarina Lowlands IBRA region).
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