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32 results for “gut content analysis”
Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) counts and gut content analysis from lift trap transect collections along Rowley River tidal creeks associated with long term fertilization experiments, Rowley, MA.
The lift traps were used to capture mummichogs accessing the high marsh platform. Mummichogs were collected to study the effect of marsh-edge geomorphology on mummichog distribution and foraging. The TIDE project aims to simulate eutrophication on a large scale by the addition of NO3- aiming to reach 70μM concentrations from May to September every year during the growing season. This fertilization of the marsh has been going on at Sweeney Creek since the 2004 growing season through 2016 and at Clubhead Creek in 2005 and from 2009 till 2016. Years 2017-2020 are enrichment recovery years.
Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) gut content analysis from Breder trap transect collections in tidal creeks associated with long term fertilization experiments, Rowley, MA.
At PIE, mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) use the spring-cycle high tides to access the flooded high marsh platform and eat invertebrate prey, coupling the high marsh and aquatic creek food webs by gathering energy produced on the high marsh and making it available to the aquatic food web. Changes in the geomorphology of saltmarsh creek edges greatly influence the survival, biomass, and resource use of mummichog populations. Here we use gut content analysis assess the diet of mummichog on the high marsh platform during a flooding spring-cycle tide in July 2018 across 3 PIE creeks known to present different geomorphologic patterns in their low marsh zones. These data allow us to quantify the amount of terrestrial invertebrate prey mummichog consume on a single flooding tide and determine the impact altered low marsh geomorphology has on the trophic relationships in PIE food webs. These mummichog were captured in Breder traps; information about the consumer communities captured in these traps was recorded separately (LTE-TIDE-BrederTrap-Demographics). These data were included in part of the study “Habitat decoupling via saltmarsh creek geomorphology alters connection between spatially-coupled food webs” (Lesser et al. 2020) and were a portion of an MBL REU project.
Data from: Spider webs, stable isotopes and molecular gut content analysis: multiple lines of evidence support trophic niche differentiation in a community of Hawaiian spiders
1. Adaptive radiations are typically characterized by niche partitioning among their constituent species. Trophic niche partitioning is particularly important in predatory animals, which rely on limited food resources for survival. 2. We test for trophic niche partitioning in an adaptive radiation of Hawaiian Tetragnatha spiders, which have diversified in situ on the Hawaiian Islands. We focus on a community of nine species belonging to two different clades, one web building and the other actively hunting, which co-occur in wet forest on East Maui. We hypothesize that trophic niches differ significantly both 1) among species within a clade, indicating food resource partitioning, and 2) between the two clades, corresponding with their differences in foraging strategy. 3. To assess niches of the spider species, we measure a) web architecture, the structure of the hunting tool, and b) site choice, the physical placement of the web in the habitat. We then test whether differences in these parameters translate into meaningful differences in trophic niche by measuring c) stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen in the spiders' tissues, and d) gut content of spiders based on metabarcoding data. 4. We find significant interspecific differences in web architecture and site choice. Importantly, these differences are reflected in stable isotope signatures among the five web-building species, as well as significant isotopic differences between web-builders and active hunters. Gut content data also show interspecific and inter-clade differences. Pairwise overlaps of web architecture between species are positively correlated with overlaps of isotopic signature. 5. Our results reveal trophic niche partitioning among species within each clade, as well as between the web-building and actively hunting clades. Based on the correlation between web architecture and stable isotopes, it appears that the isotopic signatures of spiders' tissues are influenced by architectural differences among their webs. Our findings indicate an important link between web structure, microhabitat preference and diet in the Hawaiian Tetragnatha.
Arthropod food webs in the foreland of a retreating glacier: Gut content analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM)
<p>Below- and above-ground arthropod communities were explored at a glacier foreland area in low Arctic Southwest Greenland aiming for a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the arthropod succession driven by increasing temperatures in the context of an Arctic climate change scenario. Arthropods were sampled in 2015 and 2016 along a downslope transect where the microclimate became warmer downhill a chronosequence towards a climax vegetation. The arthropod data sets were analyzed in relation to an environmental data set. Bottom-up controlled population developments were important in the early phase of the vegetation development while top-down prevailed in the later phase of the vegetation development. The shift from bottom-up to top-down cascades between arthropod predators and their potential prey populations was mainly driven by increasing temperatures away from the glacier. Structural equation modeling (SEM) shows bottom-up and top-down controlled food chains as bottom-up control was important for spider and harvestman populations while top-down control was important for ground beetle populations. These mechanisms are closely related to the hunting strategies of the predators as bottom-up mechanisms are connected to a sit-and-wait behavior while top-down mechanisms are related to active-search behavior. The SEM analyzes were supported by DNA metabarcoding as well as by the literature. A consequence of the strong top-down cascades in the later phase of the succession is high rates of intra-guild predation (IGP) among all arthropod predators. Particularly in the guts of the linyphiid spider, <em>Collinsia holmgreni </em>Thorell 1871, trophic linkages to other linyphiid and lycosid spiders were detected. The IGP ratio of <em>C. holmgreni</em> was negatively correlated with the activity density of available ground-living prey. Probably as a consequence of the high IGP among the linyphiid spiders, cold-adapted linyphiid species like <em>C. holmgreni</em> decreased in numbers downhill and became extinct in the warmer climax vegetation, where lycosid spiders dominated. SEM shows that the declining activity densities of the soil fauna, such as collembolans and mites, due to predation, are responsible for the increase in organic matter content in the topsoil.</p>
Data from: Dietary partitioning among three cryptobentic reef fish mesopredators revealed by visual analysis, metabarcoding of gut content, and stable isotope analysis
<p>Understanding how mesopredators partition their diet and the identity of consumed prey can assist in understanding the ecological role predators and prey play in ecosystem trophodynamics. Here, we assessed the diet of three common coral reef mesopredators; <em>Pseudochromis flavivertex</em>, <em>Pseudochromis fridmani</em>, and <em>Pseudochromis olivaceus</em> from the family Pseudochromidae, commonly known as dottybacks, using a combination of i) visual stomach content analysis, ii) stomach content DNA metabarcoding (18S, COI), and iii) stable isotope analysis (δ<sup>15</sup>N, δ<sup>13</sup>C). In addition, <em>P. flavivertex</em> is found in two distinct color morphs in the Red Sea, providing an opportunity to analyze intra-morph differences. These techniques revealed partitioning in the dietary composition and resource use among species. Arthropods comprised the main dietary component of <em>P. flavivertex</em> (18S > 60%; COI > 10%), and <em>P. olivaceus</em> (18S = 57.2%) while <em>P. fridmani</em> ingested predominantly mollusks (18S = 51.3%, COI = 24.6%). Despite being small predators, microplastics were found in the gut content of some of these fishes. Stable isotope analysis showed differences in species' isotopic niche breadth and trophic position. <em>Pseudochromis olivaceus</em> presented the largest isotopic niche (SEA<sub>C</sub> = 1.61‰<sup>2</sup>), while <em>P. fridmani</em> showed the smallest isotopic niche (SEA<sub>C</sub> = 0.45‰<sup>2</sup>) among species. Although the two techniques used for stomach content analysis did not show differences in the diet within color morphs of <em>P. flavivertex</em>, they differed in the isotopic niche and resource use. Despite our limited sampling, our findings provide evidence of species-specific differences in the trophic ecology of dottybacks and demonstrate their important role as predators of cryptic invertebrates and small fishes. This study highlights the importance of combining several approaches (short-term: visual analysis and DNA metabarcoding; and long-term: isotope analysis) when assessing the feeding habits of coral reef fish, as they provide complementary information necessary to delimit their niches and understand the role that small mesopredators play in coral reef ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Spider webs, stable isotopes and molecular gut content analysis: multiple lines of evidence support trophic niche differentiation in a community of Hawaiian spiders
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Data from: To pool or not to pool: Pooled metabarcoding does not affect estimates of prey diversity in spider gut content analysis
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Identification of potential western bean cutworm (<em>Striacosta albicosta</em>) predators in field corn through molecular gut-content analysis
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Data from: Dietary partitioning among three cryptobentic reef fish mesopredators revealed by visual analysis, metabarcoding of gut content, and stable isotope analysis
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Arthropod food webs in the foreland of a retreating Greenland glacier: Integrating molecular gut content analysis with Structural Equation Modelling
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Data from: Testing the validity of functional response models using molecular gut content analysis for prey choice in soil predators
Analysis of predator - prey interactions is a core concept of animal ecology, explaining structure and dynamics of animal food webs. Measuring the functional response, i.e. the intake rate of a consumer as a function of prey density, is a powerful method to predict the strength of trophic links and assess motives of prey choice, particularly in arthropod communities. However, due to their reductionist set-up, functional responses, which are based on laboratory feeding experiments, may not display field conditions, possibly leading to skewed results. Here, we tested the validity of functional responses of centipede predators and their prey by comparing them with empirical gut content data from field-collected predators. Our predator - prey system included lithobiid and geophilomorph centipedes, abundant and widespread predators of forest soils and their soil-dwelling prey. First, we calculated the body size-dependent functional responses of centipedes using a published functional response model in which we included natural prey abundances and animal body masses. This allowed us to calculate relative proportions of specific prey taxa in the centipede diet. In a second step, we screened field-collected centipedes for DNA of eight abundant soil-living prey taxa and estimated their body size-dependent proportion of feeding events. We subsequently compared empirical data for each of the eight prey taxa, on proportional feeding events with functional response-derived data on prey proportions expected in the gut, showing that both approaches significantly correlate in five out of eight predator - prey links for lithobiid centipedes but only in one case for geophilomorph centipedes. Our findings suggest that purely allometric functional response models, which are based on predator-prey body size ratios are too simple to explain predator - prey interactions in a complex system such as soil. We therefore stress that specific prey traits, such as defence mechanisms, must be considered for accurate predictions.
Molecular gut content analysis indicates the inter- and intra-guild predation patterns of spiders in conventionally managed vegetable fields
<p>Inter- and intra-guild interactions are important in the coexistence of predators and their prey, especially in highly disturbed vegetable cropping systems with sporadic food resources. Assessing the dietary range of a predator taxon characterized by diverse foraging behavior using conventional approaches, such as visual observation and conventional molecular approaches for prey detection, has serious logistical problems.<i> </i>In this study, we investigated the trophic interactions of a functionally diverge group of predators -spiders- to accomplish the ultimate goal that is the predation of spiders on major crop pests. We used high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and biotic interaction networks to precisely annotate the predation spectrum and highlight the predator–predator and predator-prey interactions in Brassica fields. The prey taxa in the gut of spiders were mainly enriched with insects (including dipterans, coleopterans, orthopterans, hemipterans and lepidopterans) and arachnids (such as Araneae) along with a wide range of other prey factions. Despite the generalist foraging behavior of spiders, the community structure analysis and interaction networks highlighted the overrepresentation of particular prey taxa in the gut of each spider family, as well as showed the intra-family predation between different spiders. Identifying the diverse trophic niche proportions underpins the importance of spiders as predators of pests in highly disturbed agroecosystems. More specifically, combining HTS with advanced ecological community analysis reveals the preferences and biological control potential of particular spider taxa, so provides a valuable evidence base for targeted conservation biological control efforts in complex trophic networks.</p>
Fig. 2 in Gut-content analysis in four species, combined with comparative analysis of trophic traits, suggests an araneophagous habit for the entire family Palpimanidae (Araneae)
Fig. 2 Comparison of relative 1 conspeccfics spcders cnsects 1 frequency of conspecifics (can- A B nibalism), heterospecific spiders 0.9 0.9 (araneophagy), and insects in 0.8 0.8 the gut of P . gibbulus A, P . 0.7 0.7 potteri B , Diaphorocellus C and frequency Otiothops D . Proportions are 0.6 0.6 estimated per all individuals in e 0.5 0.5 a class (male, female, juvenile). 0.4 0.4 Frequency of cannibalism can be overestimated (see "Discus- Rela 0.3 0.3 sion" for more details), thus 0.2 0.2 should be interpreted with 0.1 0.1 caution 0 0 male female female juvencle adult juvencle adult
Fig. 3 in Gut-content analysis in four species, combined with comparative analysis of trophic traits, suggests an araneophagous habit for the entire family Palpimanidae (Araneae)
Fig. 3 Phylogeny of Palpimanidae plus three other families on the genus level, with estimates of the probabilities of each of five traits at nodes. The fuller the symbol, the higher the probability of a presence of the trait. For trait values at terminals see Table S7
Data from: Molecular analysis of parasitoid linkages (MAPL): gut contents of adult parasitoid wasps reveal larval host
Metamorphosing insects often have complex and poorly known life-histories. In particular, what they feed on during their larval stages remains unknown for the vast majority of species and its documentation only results from difficult and time-intensive field observations, rearing or dissections. Through the application of a DNA analysis of gut contents in adult parasitoid wasps, we were able to selectively sequence a diagnostic DNA marker that permitted the identification of the host used by these wasps during their larval stages. By reproducing these results in species with different life-histories, we excluded other potential sources of host DNA, confirming that after ingestion by the parasitoid larva the host DNA can persist through metamorphosis in the abdominal contents of the adult wasp. Our discovery considerably extends the applicability of molecular analysis of gut contents by enabling documentation of the food used by insects during their larval stages and thus increasing the accuracy and precision of food web-studies. The 24% success rate of our approach is surprisingly high considering the challenging context for host DNA preservation, and we discuss the factors possibly affecting this rate. We propose Molecular Analysis of Parasitoid Linkages (MAPL) as a new method to document host-parasitoid associations at a faster pace and with unrivalled precision. Because of the key regulatory role of parasitoid wasps in ecosystems, which makes them the most commonly used biological control agents, MAPL will have immediate applications in both basic and applied biological sciences.
Molecular gut content analysis indicates the inter- and intra-guild predation patterns of spiders in conventionally managed vegetable fields
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Data from: A cost-efficient and simple protocol to enrich prey DNA from extractions of predatory arthropods for large-scale gut content analysis by Illumina sequencing
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Data from: Testing the validity of functional response models using molecular gut content analysis for prey choice in soil predators
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Data from: Molecular analysis of parasitoid linkages (MAPL): gut contents of adult parasitoid wasps reveal larval host
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Data from: Assessing changes in arthropod predator-prey interactions through DNA-based gut content analysis - variable environment, stable diet
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