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32 results for “gypsy moth”
Figure 1 in The Solar Activity Cycles and the Outbreaks of the Gypsy Moth - Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Serbia
Figure 1. Gypsy moth outbreaks and the solar flux at 2.8 GHz in the period 1948–2016 (the solar flux at 2.8 GHz data source: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/correlation/solar.data)
Рис. 2. ТеΛо гусеницы непарного шеΛкопряΑа, погибшей от вируса яΑерного по- ΛиэΑроза. Фото Δ. Куренщикова Fig. 2. The corpse of a gypsy moth caterpillar that died from the nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Photo by D. Kurenshchikov in Sensitivity of caterpillars of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, Erebidae) from the South of Khabarovsk Territory to various strains of nuclear polyhedrosis virus
Рис. 2. ТеΛо гусеницы непарного шеΛкопряΑа, погибшей от вируса яΑерного по- ΛиэΑроза. Фото Δ. Куренщикова Fig. 2. The corpse of a gypsy moth caterpillar that died from the nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Photo by D. Kurenshchikov
Рис. 1. ГнезΑо гусениц непарного шеΛкопряΑа в кроне Αерева. Фото Δ. Куренщикова Fig. 1. The nest of gypsy moth caterpillars in the tree crown. Photo by D. Kurenshchikov in Sensitivity of caterpillars of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, Erebidae) from the South of Khabarovsk Territory to various strains of nuclear polyhedrosis virus
Рис. 1. ГнезΑо гусениц непарного шеΛкопряΑа в кроне Αерева. Фото Δ. Куренщикова Fig. 1. The nest of gypsy moth caterpillars in the tree crown. Photo by D. Kurenshchikov
Рис. 3. Снижение чисΛенности гусениц при возΑействии разΛичных географических штаммов ВЯП. СтоΛбцы: коΛичество погибших во время эксперимента гусениц поΑ опреΑеΛенной инфекционной нагрузкой. ПоказатеΛи (в процентах) привеΑены в Λевой части табΛицы. СтреΛки: минимаΛьное и максимаΛьное коΛичество погибших во время очереΑного учета гусениц и крестообразные маркеры: среΑнее коΛичество погибших во время очереΑного учета гусениц. ПоказатеΛи (в абсоΛютных значениях) в правой части табΛицы. По горизонтаΛи: номер титра, от боΛьшего к меньшему Fig. 3. Decrease in the number of caterpillars under the influence of various geographical strains of NPV. Columns: number of caterpillars killed during the experiment under a certain infectious load. Indicators (in percent) are shown on the left side of the table. Arrows: the minimum and maximum number of deaths during the next track count and cross markers: the average number of deaths during the next track count. Indicators (in absolute values) on the right side of the table. Horizontal: titre, from highest to lowest in Sensitivity of caterpillars of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, Erebidae) from the South of Khabarovsk Territory to various strains of nuclear polyhedrosis virus
Рис. 3. Снижение чисΛенности гусениц при возΑействии разΛичных географических штаммов ВЯП. СтоΛбцы: коΛичество погибших во время эксперимента гусениц поΑ опреΑеΛенной инфекционной нагрузкой. ПоказатеΛи (в процентах) привеΑены в Λевой части табΛицы. СтреΛки: минимаΛьное и максимаΛьное коΛичество погибших во время очереΑного учета гусениц и крестообразные маркеры: среΑнее коΛичество погибших во время очереΑного учета гусениц. ПоказатеΛи (в абсоΛютных значениях) в правой части табΛицы. По горизонтаΛи: номер титра, от боΛьшего к меньшему Fig. 3. Decrease in the number of caterpillars under the influence of various geographical strains of NPV. Columns: number of caterpillars killed during the experiment under a certain infectious load. Indicators (in percent) are shown on the left side of the table. Arrows: the minimum and maximum number of deaths during the next track count and cross markers: the average number of deaths during the next track count. Indicators (in absolute values) on the right side of the table. Horizontal: titre, from highest to lowest
Abb. 26-29 in Carabidae (Coleoptera) associated with gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations subjected to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner treatments in Pennsylvania.
Abb. 26-29: Chorebus transversus (NIXON) (26) Kopf, Mesosoma und Metasoma mit Vorder- und Hinterflügel lateral, (27) Basis eines Fühlers, (28) Mandibel, (29) Metasoma dorsal.
Abb. 23-25 in Carabidae (Coleoptera) associated with gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations subjected to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner treatments in Pennsylvania.
Abb. 23-25: Chorebus iphias (NIXON) (23) Kopf und Mesosoma lateral, (24) Mandibel, (25) Vorderflügel.
Abb. 20-22 in Carabidae (Coleoptera) associated with gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations subjected to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner treatments in Pennsylvania.
Abb. 20-22: Lepton pajori nov.sp. (20) Mesosoma und Metasoma mit Vorder- und Hinterflügel lateral, (21) Mandibel, (22) Hinterbein.
Abb. 17-19 in Carabidae (Coleoptera) associated with gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations subjected to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner treatments in Pennsylvania.
Abb. 17-19: Lepton maehongsonensis nov.sp. (17) Kopf dorsal, (18) Mesopleurum und Metapleurum, (19) Vorder- und Hinterflügel.
Abb. 14-16 in Carabidae (Coleoptera) associated with gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations subjected to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner treatments in Pennsylvania.
Abb. 14-16: Lepton lusakaensis nov.sp. (14) Kopf, Mesosoma und Metasoma lateral, (15) Hinterbein, (16) Vorder- und Hinterflügel.
Abb. 9-13 in Carabidae (Coleoptera) associated with gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations subjected to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner treatments in Pennsylvania.
Abb. 9-13: Coelalysia zambiae nov.sp. (9) Basis eines Fühlers, (10) Mandibel, (11) Hinterbein, (12) Metascutum bis T1 dorsal, (13) Metasoma lateral.
Abb. 5-8 in Carabidae (Coleoptera) associated with gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations subjected to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner treatments in Pennsylvania.
Abb. 5-8: Coelalysia tanzaniae nov.sp. (5) Basis und Mitte eines Fühlers, (6) Hinterbein, (7) Propodeum und T1, (8) Vorder- und Hinterflügel.
Abb. 1-4 in Carabidae (Coleoptera) associated with gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), populations subjected to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner treatments in Pennsylvania.
Abb. 1-4: Coelalysia nigricapite nov.sp. (1) Seite des Pronotum und Mesopleurum lateral, (2) Praescutellarfurche, Scutellum und Postaxillae, (3) Metascutum bis T1 dorsal, (4) Vorder- und Hinterflügel.
Relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide treatments on forest resources and ecosystem: An experimental approach
<p><span class="KONAHeading1CharChar"><span>Gypsy moth outbreaks cause severe defoliation in Holarctic forests, both in North America where it is invasive, and in its native range in Eurasia. Severe defoliation can hamper timber production and impact ecological communities and processes. Aerial insecticide applications are regularly performed in outbreak areas to mitigate economic losses. These operations can be financially costly and harmful to non-target species and may disrupt species interaction networks. However, replicated studies of the relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide application on forest growth and animal communities are rare and have yet to be carried out in the species' indigenous range. </span></span></p> <p><span class="KONAHeading1CharChar"><span>Here, we review the pathways in which gypsy moth outbreaks and the chemical control of these outbreaks affect forest ecosystems. We then present an experimental design established in South Central Germany in early 2019, aiming to study the ecological and economic consequences of gypsy moth eruptions and insecticide application in oak forests. The study's full factorial design comprises forest stands with high and low defoliation risk, either treated with tebufenozide or left unsprayed, within 12 experimental blocks. Measurements of forest growth and structure, tree mortality, gypsy moth density, and composition of lepidopteran, bird, bat, ground beetle, and canopy arthropod communities will be conducted for several years. </span></span></p> <p><span class="KONAHeading1CharChar"><span>One-year intensive monitoring of gypsy moth populations and damage across the selected sites showed substantial differences in population density between plots with high and low defoliation risk and high efficacy of tebufenozide in suppressing gypsy moth populations in treated plots. In the first year of the experiment, gypsy moth density and defoliation in predicted outbreak plots differed strongly, confirming the importance of using many replicates and blocking to control spatial heterogeneity. The experiment will be running continuously during the coming years to produce short- and medium-term economic and ecological data to improve our understanding and management of gypsy moth outbreaks.</span></span></p>
Tracking invasions of a destructive defoliator, the gypsy moth (Erebidae: Lymantria dispar): population structure, origin of intercepted specimens, and Asian introgression into North America
Genetic data can help elucidate the dynamics of biological invasions, which are fueled by the constant expansion of international trade. The introduction of European gypsy moth (<i>Lymantria dispar dispar</i>) into North America is a classic example of human-aided invasion that has caused tremendous damage to North American temperate forests. Recently, the even more destructive Asian gypsy moth (mainly <i>L. d. asiatica</i> and <i>L. d. japonica</i>) has been intercepted in North America, mostly transported by cargo ships. To track invasion pathways, we developed a diagnostic panel of 60 DNA loci (55 nuclear and 5 mitochondrial) to characterize worldwide genetic differentiation within <i>L. dispar</i> and its sister species <i>L. umbrosa</i>. Hierarchical analyses supported strong differentiation and recovered five geographic groups that correspond to 1) North America, 2) Europe plus North Africa and Middle East, 3) the Urals, Central Asia, and Russian Siberia, 4) continental East Asia, and 5) the Japanese islands. Interestingly, <i>L. umbrosa</i> was grouped with <i>L. d. japonica</i>, and the introduced North American population exhibits remarkable distinctiveness from contemporary European counterparts. Each geographic group, with the exception of North America, shows additional lower-level structures when analyzed individually, which provided the basis for inference of the origin of invasive specimens. Two assignment approaches consistently identified a coastal area of continental East Asia as the major source for Asian invasion during 2014–2015, with Japan being another source. By analyzing simulation and laboratory crosses, we further provided evidence for the occurrence of natural Asian-North American hybrids in the Pacific Northwest, raising concerns for introgression of Asian alleles that may accelerate range expansion of gypsy moth in North America. Our study demonstrates how genetic data contribute to bio-surveillance of invasive species with results that can inform regulatory management and reduce the frequency of trade-associated invasions.
Relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide treatments on forest resources and ecosystem: An experimental approach
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Tracking invasions of a destructive defoliator, the gypsy moth (Erebidae: Lymantria dispar): population structure, origin of intercepted specimens, and Asian introgression into North America
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Data from: Genetic structure, admixture, and invasion success in a Holarctic defoliator, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Characterizing the current population structure of potentially invasive species provides a critical context for identifying source populations and for understanding why invasions are successful. Non-native populations inevitably lose genetic diversity during initial colonization events, but subsequent admixture among independently introduced lineages may increase both genetic variation and adaptive potential. Here we characterize the population structure of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus), one of the world's most destructive forest pests. Native to Eurasia and recently introduced to North America, the current distribution of gypsy moth includes forests throughout the temperate region of the northern hemisphere. Analyses of microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA sequences for 1738 individuals identified four genetic clusters within L. dispar. Three of these clusters correspond to the three named subspecies; North American populations represent a distinct fourth cluster, presumably a consequence of the population bottleneck and allele frequency change that accompanied introduction. We find no evidence that admixture has been an important catalyst of the successful invasion and range expansion in North America. However, we do find evidence of ongoing hybridization between subspecies and increased genetic variation in gypsy moth populations from Eastern Asia, populations that now pose a threat of further human-mediated introductions. Finally, we show that current patterns of variation can be explained in terms of climate and habitat changes during the Pleistocene, a time when temperate forests expanded and contracted. Deeply diverged matrilines in Europe imply that gypsy moths have been there for a long time and are not recent arrivals from Asia.
Data from: Gypsy moth herbivory induced volatiles and reduced parasite attachment to cranberry hosts
Interactions between species can have cascading effects that shape subsequent interactions. For example, herbivory can induce plant defenses that affect subsequent interactions with herbivores, pathogens, mycorrhizae, and pollinators. Parasitic plants are present in most ecosystems, and play important roles in structuring communities. However, the effects of host herbivory on parasitic plants, and the potential mechanisms underlying such effects, are not well known. We conducted a greenhouse study to ask whether gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) damage, host cultivar, and their interaction affected preference of the stem parasite dodder (Cuscuta spp.) on cranberry hosts (Vaccinium macrocarpum). We then assessed the mechanisms that could underlie such effects by measuring induced changes in phytohormones and secondary compounds. We found that damage by gypsy moths delayed dodder attachment by approximately 0.3 days when dodder stems were added 2 days after damage, and reduced attachment by more than 50% when dodder stems were added 1 week after host plant damage. Gypsy moth damage significantly increased jasmonic acid (JA) levels, total volatile emissions, and the flavonol, quercetin aglycone, suggesting possible mechanisms underlying variation in dodder ability to locate or attach to hosts. Dodder preference also differed between cranberry cultivars, with the highest attachment on the cultivar that had significantly lower levels of total volatile emissions and total phenolic acids, suggesting that volatile composition and phenolics may mediate dodder preference. Our results indicate that herbivory can reduce subsequent attachment by a highly damaging parasitic plant, demonstrating the potential importance of early damage for shaping subsequent species interactions.
Data from: Variation in growth and developmental responses to supraoptimal temperatures near latitudinal range limits of gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.), an expanding invasive species
Variation in thermal performance within and between populations provides the potential for adaptive responses to increasing temperatures associated with climate change. Organisms experiencing temperatures above their optimum on a thermal performance curve exhibit rapid declines in function and these supraoptimal temperatures can be a critical physiological component of range limits. The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is one of the best-documented biological invasions and factors driving its spatial spread are of significant ecological and economic interest. The present study examines gypsy moth sourced from different latitudes across its North American range for sensitivity to high temperature in constant temperature growth chamber experiments. Supraoptimal temperatures result in higher mortality in northern populations compared with populations from the southern range extent (West Virginia and coastal plain of Virginia, U.S.A.). Sublethal effects of high temperature on traits associated with fitness, such as smaller pupal mass, are apparent in northern and West Virginia populations. Overall, the results indicate that populations near the southern limits of the range are less sensitive to high temperatures than northern populations from the established range. However, southern populations are lower performing overall, based on pupal mass and development time, relative to northern populations. This suggests that there may be a trade-off associated with decreased heat sensitivity in gypsy moth. Understanding how species adapt to thermal limits and possible fitness trade-offs of heat tolerance represents an important step toward predicting climatically driven changes in species ranges, which is a particularly critical consideration in conservation and invasion ecology.
2016 Gypsy Moth Assessment - Southern New England
<p>This dataset accompanies our 2017 manuscript "Near-real-time monitoring of insect defoliation using Landsat time series". Files include both inputs and products from our 2016 asessment of gypsy moth defoliation for Southern New England.</p> <p>Input datasets, which are generated for individual Landsat WRS-2 Path/Rows, include predicted "synthetic" images for relatively clear Landsat acquisiton dates during the 2016 outbreak season (mid-May through mid-September), as well as per-pixel estimates of model RMSE.</p> <p>Intermediate datasets include raw and standardized residual estimates generated as part of near-real-time defoliation monitoring</p> <p>Final products include masked and umasked versions of a season-integrated assessment of defoliation.</p>
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