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54 results for “habitat alteration”
Dynamic landscapes of fear and safety alter prey refuge use in freshwater habitats
The non-consumptive effects of predators on prey behavior have been studied in many different systems. However, predator-prey ecology has placed a bulk of emphasis on how fear alters prey behavior, and new studies have begun to shift focus to the importance that safety in the form of refuges has in structuring prey behavioral responses. This project focuses on changes in the safety landscape as well as changes in the fear landscape and how these changes impact crayfish behavior. Using an established bass-crayfish predator prey system, we altered shelter quality and location in relation to the presence of bass odor signals. We measured shelter use by the crayfish in response to this changing landscape.
Phlorest phylogeny derived from Grollemund et al. 2015 'Bantu expansion shows habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals'
<p>Cite the source of the dataset as:</p> <blockquote> <p>Grollemund R, Branford S, Bostoen K, Meade A, Venditti C & Pagel M. 2015. Bantu expansion shows habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 112(43), 13296-13301.</p> </blockquote>
Seed dispersal data for Warneke et al "Habitat fragmentation alters the distance of abiotic seed dispersal through edge effects and direction of dispersal"
This csv file contains seed dispersal data for five species (Carphephorus bellidifolius, Aristida beyrichiana, Liatris squarrulosa, Sorghastrum secundum, and Anthenantia villosa). Data were collected at the Savannah River Site, near Aiken, South Carolina, United States. Data were collected between November 17, 2009, to January 22, 2010 and were collected using the methods outlined in this document.
CLDF dataset derived from Grollemund et al.'s "Bantu expansion shows habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals" from 2015
<p>Cite the source of the dataset as:</p> <blockquote> <p>Grollemund, Rebecca, Branford, Simon, Bostoen, Koen, Meade, Andrew, Venditti, Chris, & Pagel, Mark (2015) Bantu expansion shows habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. doi:10.1073/pnas.1503793112.</p> </blockquote>
Chronic wasting disease alters the movement behavior and habitat use of mule deer during clinical stages of infection
<p>Integrating host movement and pathogen data is a central issue in wildlife disease ecology that will allow for a better understanding of disease transmission. We examined how adult female mule deer (<em>Odocoileus hemionus</em>) responded behaviorally to infection with chronic wasting disease (CWD). We compared movement and habitat use of CWD-infected deer (<em>n</em> = 18) to those that succumbed to starvation (and were CWD-negative by ELISA and IHC; <em>n</em> = 8) and others in which CWD was not detected (<em>n</em> = 111, including animals that survived the duration of the study) using GPS collar data from two distinct populations collared in central Wyoming, USA during 2018–2022. CWD and predation were the leading causes of mortality during our study (32 of 91 deaths attributed to CWD and 27 of 91 deaths attributed to predation). Deer infected with CWD moved slower and used lower elevation areas closer to rivers in the months preceding death compared with uninfected deer that did not succumb to starvation. Although CWD-infected deer and those that died of starvation moved at similar speeds during the final months of life, CWD-infected deer used areas closer to streams with less herbaceous biomass than deer that died of starvation. These behavioral differences may allow for the development of predictive models of disease status from movement data, which will be useful to supplement field and laboratory diagnostics or when mortalities cannot be quickly retrieved to assess cause-specific mortality. Furthermore, identifying individuals that are sick before predation events could help to assess the extent to which disease mortality is compensatory with predation. Finally, infected animals began to slow down around four months prior to death from CWD. Our approach for detecting the timing of infection-induced shifts in movement behavior may be useful in application to other disease systems to better understand the response of wildlife to infectious disease.</p>
Figures 37–40 in Morphological alteration in response to endogeic habitat and ant association in two new planthopper species from New Caledonia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae)
Figures 37–40. Notuchus ninguae sp. nov., male genitalia (holotype). (37) Anal segment, aedeagus, paramere in situ, left lateral aspect. (38–40) Aedeagus, right lateral, dorsal, and left lateral aspects, respectively. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figures 21–23 in Morphological alteration in response to endogeic habitat and ant association in two new planthopper species from New Caledonia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae)
Figures 21–23. Notuchus kaori sp. nov., male genitalia (holotype). (21) Anal segment, aedeagus, paramere in situ, left lateral aspect. (22, 23) Aedeagus, right lateral and dorsal aspects, respectively. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figures 30–36 in Morphological alteration in response to endogeic habitat and ant association in two new planthopper species from New Caledonia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae)
Figures 30–36. Notuchus ninguae sp. nov., male genitalia (holotype). (30, 31) Genital capsule, left lateral and ventrocaudal aspects, respectively. (32–34) Genital segment, left lateral, caudal, and ventral aspects, respectively. (35) Anal segment, dorsal aspect. (36) Parameres, ventrocaudal aspect. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figures 24–29 in Morphological alteration in response to endogeic habitat and ant association in two new planthopper species from New Caledonia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae)
Figures 24–29. Notuchus kaori sp. nov., nymph (5th instar). (24) Habitus, dorsal aspect. (25) Head and prothorax, dorsal aspect. (26) Head, anterior aspect. (27) Frons, anterior aspect. (28) Head and thorax, anterolateral aspect. (29) Distal margin of pedicel. Scale bars in mm.
Figures 14–20 in Morphological alteration in response to endogeic habitat and ant association in two new planthopper species from New Caledonia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae)
Figures 14–20. Notuchus kaori sp. nov., male genitalia (holotype). (14, 15) Genital capsule, left lateral and ventrocaudal aspects, respectively. (16–18) Genital segment, left lateral, caudal, and ventral aspects, respectively. (19) Anal segment, dorsal aspect. (20) Parameres, ventrocaudal aspect. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figures 4–13 in Morphological alteration in response to endogeic habitat and ant association in two new planthopper species from New Caledonia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae)
Figures 4–13. Notuchus kaori sp. nov., adult male (paratype). (4) Habitus, dorsal aspect. (5) Detail: right tegmen, dorsal aspect. (6) Habitus, left lateral aspect. (7) Head, anterolateral aspect. (8) Left antenna. (9) Same, pedicel with sensory plaques and macrosetae. (10) Same as in Figure 9, detail. (11) Post-tibial spur. (12) Same as in Figure 11, detail. (13) Pretarsus (arolium and claws), ventral aspect. Scale bars in mm.
Figures 2, 3 in Morphological alteration in response to endogeic habitat and ant association in two new planthopper species from New Caledonia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae)
Figures 2, 3. Notuchus kaori sp. nov., adult male. (2) Habitus with colour pattern, dorsal aspect, paratype male. (3) Colour pattern of abdomen, ventrolateral aspect (genital capsule removed), holotype male. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
Figures 41, 42 in Morphological alteration in response to endogeic habitat and ant association in two new planthopper species from New Caledonia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae)
Figures 41, 42. Paratrechina spec. (Formicidae), worker. (41) Habitus, lateral aspect. (42) Head, frontal aspect.
Figures 43, 44 in Morphological alteration in response to endogeic habitat and ant association in two new planthopper species from New Caledonia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae)
Figures 43, 44. (43) Hypochthonella caeca China and Fennah (Hypochthonellidae), endogeic species (from Hoch 1994, used with permission). (44) Notuchus larvalis Fennah (Delphacidae), obligately cavernicolous (troglobitic) species (from Hoch 1994, used with permission). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Chronic wasting disease alters the movement behavior and habitat use of mule deer during clinical stages of infection
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Effects of phylogenetic distance, niche overlap and habitat alteration on spatial co-occurrence patterns in Neotropical bats and birds
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Habitat corridors alter relative trophic position of fire ants
Habitat fragmentation disrupts species movement, leading to local extinctions and altered community structure. Habitat corridors, which connect isolated patches of habitat and facilitate movement between patches, provide a potential solution to these negative impacts. However, most studies to date have examined the movement of species alone without considering emergent effects on the community (e.g., altered trophic structure). We use large-scale, experimental landscapes and nitrogen stable isotopes ratios (delta-N-15) of a common generalist consumer (the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta) to determine how corridors affect trophic structure. Thus, because the fire ant is a species whose trophic position is flexible and whose diet typically reflects local prey availability, we assume that shifts in fire ants' trophic position between connected and isolated patches are likely to reflect shifts in patch trophic structure. We found that colonies in isolated patches had lower means and ranges of delta-N-15 than colonies in otherwise similar connected patches, suggesting that corridors may increase fire ants' trophic position and breadth, respectively. Previous work in our landscapes documented higher species richness of plants in connected than unconnected patches. Patch means of ant delta-N-15 were positively correlated with plant richness, suggesting that increased plant richness may influence the observed responses in fire ant delta-N-15. Together these results suggest that fragmentation may reduce trophic position and narrow trophic breadth of dietary generalists such as the fire ant. These shifts likely reflect an alteration of food webs in isolated patches. Our results suggest that corridors may be effective in preventing or reducing such alterations.
Habitat transitions alter the adaptive landscape and shape phenotypic evolution in needlefishes (Belonidae)
<p class="Normal1">Habitat occupancy can have a profound influence on macroevolutionary dynamics, and a switch in major habitat type may alter the evolutionary trajectory of a lineage. In this study we investigate how evolutionary transitions between marine and freshwater habitats affect macroevolutionary adaptive landscapes, using needlefishes (Belonidae) as a model system. We examined the evolution of body shape and size in marine and freshwater needlefishes and tested for phenotypic change in response to transitions between habitats. Using micro-computed tomographic (µCT) scanning and geometric morphometrics, we quantified body shape, size, and vertebral counts of 31 belonid species. We then examined the pattern and tempo of body shape and size evolution using phylogenetic comparative methods. Our results show that transitions from marine to freshwater habitats have altered the adaptive landscape for needlefishes and expanded morphospace relative to marine taxa. We provide further evidence that freshwater taxa attain reduced sizes either through dwarfism (as inferred from axial skeletal reduction) or developmental truncation (as inferred from axial skeletal loss). We propose that transitions to freshwater habitats produce morphological novelty in response to novel prey resources and changes in locomotor demands. We find that repeated invasions of different habitats have prompted predictable changes in morphology.</p>
Data from: The effects of human-altered habitat spatial pattern on frugivory and seed dispersal: a global meta-analysis
<p>Seed dispersal by frugivorous animals is important for plant mobility, regeneration, and persistence. Human-caused landscape change is thought to disrupt seed dispersal, but evidence is scarce. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis on the effects of habitat spatial pattern on frugivory and seed dispersal. We found 233 effects from 71 studies. At a patch or local scale, altered habitat spatial pattern was measured as declining patch size, increasing patch isolation, or habitat edge (vs. interior). At a landscape scale it was measured as declining amount of habitat, increasing mean patch isolation, increasing number of patches, or increasing habitat edge in the landscape.</p> <p>We found overall negative effects of altered habitat spatial pattern on: (i) the quantity of frugivory or seed dispersal, (ii) the number of species involved in a plant-frugivore interaction, and (iii) seed dispersal distance. Moderator variable analysis was only possible for the first of these. It revealed negative responses of the quantity of frugivory or seed dispersal to habitat loss at both the local scale (declining patch size), and the landscape scale (declining habitat amount), but little evidence for a response to habitat edge at either scale. In addition, altered habitat spatial pattern reduced the quantity of frugivory or seed dispersal more strongly in temperate than tropical areas. Finally, the few-recorded effects of landscape-scale fragmentation per se (increasing patch density or edge density) on the quantity of frugivory or seed dispersal were mixed and weak. Our meta-analysis reinforces the notion that habitat loss is a major threat to frugivory and seed dispersal by animals, and reveals an insufficiency of studies of the effects of habitat fragmentation per se. Thus, based on the current literature, we conclude that maintaining and increasing habitat amount is vital for maintaining seed dispersal by frugivorous animals.</p>
Data on bird communities and vegetation in relation to altitude and habitat alteration in the Kalakad - Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India
<p>The dataset contains data on bird communities and habitat collected between 1997 and 1999 from Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India, related to the following two publications:</p> <ol> <li>Raman, T. R. S., Joshi, N. V. & Sukumar, R. 2005. Tropical rainforest bird community structure in relation to altitude, tree species composition, and null models in the Western Ghats, India. <em>Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society</em> 102: 145-157. <a href="https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb10222005bomb/page/145/mode/2up">https://archive.org/details/journalofbomb10222005bomb/page/145/mode/2up</a> </li> <li>Raman, T. R. S. & Sukumar, R. 2002. Responses of tropical rainforest birds to abandoned plantations, edges, and logged forest in the Western Ghats, India. Animal Conservation 5: 201-216. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1367943002002251">http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1367943002002251 </a> </li> </ol> <p>GEOGRAPHICAL AREA: Kalakad-Mundathurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), 895 km² sanctuary located between 8°25′ to 8°53′ N and 77°10′ to 77°35′ E in Tamil Nadu state in the Western Ghats mountain range of India.</p> <p>TAXONOMIC SCOPE: Birds, trees</p> <p><strong>Supplementary information</strong></p> <p>The Appendix of Raman and Sukumar (2002) is included in the dataset as an open document format word (ODT) file.</p> <p>Three Tables from Raman et al. (2005) are included in the dataset as an open document format worksheet (ODS) file.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.