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601 results for “habitat diversity”
Survey of pond habitats and aquatic diversity of Madison, Wisconsin from May to Aug 2019 and 2020 Data Set
1) Urbanization may lead to changes in local richness (alpha diversity) or in community composition (beta diversity), although the direction of change can be challenging to predict. For instance, introduced species may offset the loss of native specialist taxa, leading to no change in alpha diversity in urban areas, but decreased beta diversity (i.e., more homogenous community structure). Alternatively, because urban areas can have low connectivity and high environmental heterogeneity between sites, they may support distinct communities from one another over small geographic distances. 2) Wetlands and ponds provide critical ecosystem services and support diverse communities, making them important systems in which to understand consequences of urbanization. To determine how urban development shapes pond community structure, we surveyed 68 ponds around Madison, Wisconsin, USA, which were classified as urban, greenspace, or rural based on surrounding land use. We evaluated the influence of local abiotic factors, presence of nonnative fishes, and landscape characteristics on alpha diversity of aquatic plants, macroinvertebrates, and vertebrates. We also analyzed whether surrounding land cover was associated with changes in community composition and/or the presence of specific taxa. 3) We found a 23% decrease in mean richness (alpha diversity) from rural to urban pond sites, and a 15% decrease in richness from rural to urban greenspace pond sites. Among landscape factors, observed pond richness was negatively correlated with adjacent developed land and mowed lawns, as well as greater distances to other waterbodies. Among pond level factors, habitat complexity was associated with increased richness, while the presence of invasive fish was associated with decreased richness. 4) Beta diversity was relatively high for all ponds due to turnover in composition between sites. Urban ponds supported more introduced species, lacked a subset of native species found in rural ponds,
Soil pH, developmental stages and geographical origin differently influence the root metabolomic diversity and root-related microbial diversity of Echium vulgare from native habitats
<p>R Studio codes and ASV table used to analyze the microbiome data of our Echium vulgare microbial ecology experiment. </p>
Data from: Moth species richness and diversity decline in a 30-year time series in Norway, irrespective of species' latitudinal range extent and habitat
<p>Data from:</p> <p>Burner, R., V. Selås, S. Kobro, R. Jacobsen, A. Sverdrup-Thygeson. 2021. Moth species richness and abundance decline in a 30-year time series, irrespective of species’ latitudinal range extent and habitat. <em>Journal of Insect Conservation</em><br> </p> <p>Current contact info for corresponding author: Ryan C. Burner, rburner[at]usgs.gov</p> <p> </p> <p>These data consist of a 30-year time series (1984 to 2013) of moth captures from a single site in southeast Norway, along with trait data for many of the species and climate data for the site. The moths were collected and identified by Sverre Kobro for the entire 30-year period and we are grateful for his efforts. </p> <p> </p> <p>Abstract from manuscript:</p> <p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>Insects are reported to be in decline around the globe, but long-term datasets are rare. The causes of these trends are elusive, with land use change and climate change among the top candidates. Yet if species traits can predict rates of population change, this can help identify underlying mechanisms. If climate change is important, for example, northern species may decline as southern species expand. Land use changes, however, may impact species that rely on certain habitats.</p> <p><strong>Aims and Methods</strong></p> <p>We present 30 years of moth captures (comprising 85,149 individuals of 885 species) from a site in southeastern Norway to test for population trends that are correlated with species traits. We use time series analyses and joint species distribution models combined with local climate and habitat data.</p> <p><strong>Results and Discussion</strong></p> <p>Species richness and abundance declined by 10.1% and 13.8% per decade, respectively. Capture rates declined for 19% of species during this time as well, though 6% have increased. Annual summer weather is correlated with annual rates of abundance change for many species. But, opposite to a general expectation, many species in our study responded negatively to increasing summer temperatures. Surprisingly, neither species’ northern range limits nor the habitat in which their primary food plants grow are strong predictors of their rates of change, or their responses to climatic factors. However, species with more southerly distributions are less likely to be declining. Complex and indirect effects of both land use and climate change may play a role in these declines.</p> <p><strong>Implications for insect conservation</strong></p> <p>Our results provide additional evidence for long-term declines in insect abundance. The multifaceted causes of population changes may limit the ability of species traits to reveal which species are most at risk. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</strong></p> <p>Thanks to J. Fjelddalen, who helped with geometrid moth identifications. This project was supported by internal funding from the Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences.</p> <p> </p>
Figure 2 in Improved local inventory and regional contextualization for anuran (Amphibia) diversity assessment at an endangered habitat in southeastern Brazil
Figure 2. Rarefaction curves based on Jackknife I species-richness estimator for records of adults, tadpoles and all life stages pooled for four canga lakes at the Quadrilátero Ferrífero region, southeastern Brazil.
Restored off-channel pond habitats create thermal regime diversity and refuges within a Mediterranean-climate watershed
<p>Cool-water habitats provide increasingly vital refuges for cold-water fish living on the margins of their historical ranges; consequently, efforts to enhance or create cool-water habitat are becoming a major focus of river restoration practices. However, the effectiveness of restoration projects for providing thermal refuge and creating diverse temperature regimes at the watershed scale remains unclear. In the Klamath River in Northern California, the Karuk Tribe Fisheries Program, the Mid-Klamath Watershed Council, and the U.S. Forest Service constructed a series of off-channel ponds that recreate floodplain habitat and support juvenile coho salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus kisutch</em>) and steelhead (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) along the Klamath River and its tributaries. We instrumented these ponds and applied multivariate auto-regressive time series models of fine-scale temperature data from ponds, tributaries, and the mainstem Klamath River to assess how off-channel ponds contributed to thermal regime diversity and thermal refuge habitat in the Klamath riverscape. Our analysis demonstrated that ponds provide diverse thermal habitats that are significantly cooler than creek or mainstem river habitats, even during severe drought. Wavelet analysis of long-term (10 years) temperature data indicated that thermal buffering (i.e. dampening of diel variation) increased over time but was disrupted by drought conditions in 2021. Our analysis demonstrates that in certain situations, human-made off-channel ponds can increase thermal diversity in modified riverscapes even during drought conditions, potentially benefiting floodplain-dependent cold-water species. Restoration actions that create and maintain thermal regime diversity and thermal refuges will become an essential tool to conserve biodiversity in climate-sensitive watersheds. </p>
Energy input, habitat heterogeneity, and host specificity on avian haemosporidian diversity at continental scales
<p>The correct identification of biotic and abiotic drivers affecting parasite diversity and assemblage composition at different spatial scales is crucial for understanding how pathogen distribution responds to anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. Here, we used a database of avian haemosporidian parasites to identify such drivers and their effect on the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon from three zoogeographic regions. We explored how parasite diversity is related to energy input (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration [PET]), to habitat heterogeneity (i.e., climatic seasonality, vegetation density, ecosystem heterogeneity, human disturbance, and host richness), and to a novel assemblage-level metric related to parasite niche overlap (degree of generalism). We found that the relative importance of the predictors differed between the three studied parasite genera and across diversity metrics. Among the most consistent predictors, host richness was positively related to the taxonomic diversity of the three genera. Energy input and human footprint explained the phylogenetic diversity of Haemoproteus. Finally, the degree of generalism explained the diversity of Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon. Our results suggest that different dimensions of haemosporidian diversity are shaped by energy input, host heterogeneity, and assembly processes related to parasite resource use within local parasite assemblages.</p>
Major changes in fish thermal habitat diversity in Canada's Arctic lakes due to climate change
<p>Climate warming is a major disruptor of fish community structure globally. We use large-scale geospatial analyses of 447,077 Canadian Arctic lakes to predict how climate change would impact lake thermal habitat diversity across the Arctic landscape. Increases in maximum surface temperature (+2.4–6.7 °C), ice-free period (+14–38 days), and thermal stratification presence (+4.2–18.9%) occur under all climate scenarios. Lakes, currently fishless due to deep winter ice, open up; many thermally uniform lakes become thermally diverse. Resilient coldwater habitat supply is predicted; however, thermally diverse lakes shift from providing almost exclusively coldwater habitat to providing substantial coolwater habitat and previously absent warmwater habitat. Across terrestrial ecozones, most lakes exhibit major shifts in thermal habitat. The prevalence of thermally diverse lakes more than doubles, providing refuge for coldwater taxa. Ecozone-specific differences in the distribution of thermally diverse and thermally uniform lakes require different management strategies for adapting fish resource use to climate change.</p>
Maintaining habitat diversity at small scales benefits wild bees and pollination services in mountain apple orchards
<p>In 2021, we conducted our study in apple orchards in South Tyrol, an Alpine region in Italy, using pan-traps, direct observations of visitation frequency, and a pollinator exclusion experiment. We investigated the scale-dependent effects of landscape heterogeneity and other parameters on wild bee assemblages and the related pollination service they provide at five spatial scales (radius 100 – 2,000 m).</p>
Fig. 2 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) diversity in agricultural and post-agricultural areas in relation to the surrounding habitats
Fig. 2. Ordination plot based on correspondence analysis (CA) of carabid species (triangles) and study sites (circles).
Fig. 2 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) distribution in a rural landscape based on habitat diversity and habitat characteristics
Fig. 2. Cluster analysis of the results (individual years separated) based on Euclidian distance as distance measure and agglomeration according to Ward. Numbers indicate the percentage of replicates where each node is still supported (Hammer 2012)
Fig. 3 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) distribution in a rural landscape based on habitat diversity and habitat characteristics
Fig. 3. Ordination plot based on correspondence analysis (CA) of the results (individual years separated) for study sites (open circles) and species (open triangles)
Fig. 5 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) distribution in a rural landscape based on habitat diversity and habitat characteristics
Fig. 5. Ordination plot based on correspondence analysis (CA) of the results (years for the study sites pooled) for study sites (open circles) and species (open triangles)
Fig. 1 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) distribution in a rural landscape based on habitat diversity and habitat characteristics
Fig. 1. Scheme of the research object "Krzywda" (a) and location of the study sites (1-6) (b) (After Bùaszkiewicz & Schwerk (2013), modified).
Fig. 4 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) distribution in a rural landscape based on habitat diversity and habitat characteristics
Fig. 4. Cluster analysis of the results (years for the study sites pooled) based on Euclidian distance as distance measure and agglomeration according to Ward. Numbers indicate the percentage of replicates where each node is still supported (Hammer 2012)
Figure 3 in Diversity and community structure of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) in the dominant habitats of Machakhela National Park (Georgia, Caucasus)
Figure 3. The results of the cluster analysis of the different forest habitats in Machakhela National Park.
Figure 1 in Diversity and community structure of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) in the dominant habitats of Machakhela National Park (Georgia, Caucasus)
Figure 1. Distribution of the sites of the sample collection of the oribatid mite diversity in the Machakhela National Park.
Correlation of urban avian species diversity present in heterogenous habitat types of the Silk city, Odisha, Eastern India
<p>This is the complete metadata and the R code required to do the analysis of the paper regarding birds of Berhampur city.</p>
Fig. 3 in Diversity Of Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) And Physico-Chemical Characterization Of Their Larval Habitats In Tizi-Ouzou Area, Algeria
Fig. 3. Mosquito breeding sites (site 01, a; site 02, b; site 03, c; site 04, d; site 05, e; site 06, f); site 07, g).
Fig. 4 in Hydro Power Development And Its Impacts On The Habitats And Diversity Of Montane Birds Of Western Himalayas
Fig. 4. Ordination of 56 bird species on the first two canonical axes with biplot for key environmental variables derived from Euclidean distance. The ordination showed altitude, tree density, shrub density, canopy cover, and disturbance to be the environmental variables influencing distribution of bird in the study area.
Fig. 3 in Hydro Power Development And Its Impacts On The Habitats And Diversity Of Montane Birds Of Western Himalayas
Fig. 3. Species accumulation patterns of birds in five different habitat types of Sainj Valley, Himachal Pradesh. Estimated species richness Jackknife 1 is shown.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.