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7 results for “habitat spillover”
Seasonality modulates habitat cover effects on avian cross-boundary responses and spillover
Species cross-boundary response is a key mechanism affecting species spillover into agricultural fields. However, temporal changes in edge permeability, which may depend on the seasonal availability of resources in both matrix and native habitats, remain poorly understood. Here we tested how edge crossing behavior and the associated spillover of birds into sun coffee plantations respond to landscape structure and seasonality. We monitored the movement of six insectivorous understory bird species (four forest-specialists and two forest-generalists) using an automated telemetry system along a gradient of forest cover (7-60%) during two seasons (dry vs. wet) at nine sampling sites at the Brazilian Atlantic forest. We monitored 116 individuals and obtained a total of 15,129 bird detections across seasons. Bird resistance to crossing edges was strongly driven by an interaction between seasonality and forest cover in the surrounding landscape, with higher resistance to crossing edges along the dry season and in landscapes with lower amount of forest cover. Furthermore, spillover patterns in plantations were driven by an interaction between forest cover and distance from forest edges, but this was most pronounced for forest-specialist bird species. Forest-specialists moved more intensively and farther from edges in more forested landscapes, whereas forest-generalists showed similar patterns of occupation regardless of forest cover and isolation. Our study contributes to a better understanding of avian cross-boundary responses and spillover in response to landscape structure across seasons and the factors driving bird movement decisions in anthropogenic landscapes. There are a myriad of possible mechanisms governing movement decisions, and these mechanisms may interact in complex ways and remain important foci for research within fields of tropical ecology and evolution in the tropics.
Data from: Land use type, forest cover, and forest edges modulate avian cross-habitat spillover
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Seasonality modulates habitat cover effects on avian cross-boundary responses and spillover
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Data from: Matrix type and landscape attributes modulate avian taxonomic and functional spillover across habitat boundaries in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Land use intensification drives biodiversity loss worldwide. In heterogeneous landscape mosaics, both overall forest area and anthropogenic matrix structure induce changes in biological communities in primary habitat remnants. However, community changes via cross-habitat spillover processes along forest-matrix interfaces remain poorly understood. Moreover, information on how landscape attributes affect spillover processes across habitat boundaries are embryonic. Here, we quantify avian and β-diversity (as proxies of spillover rates) across two dominant types of forest-matrix interfaces (forest-pasture and forest-eucalyptus plantation) within the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot in southeast Brazil. We also assess the effects of anthropogenic matrix type and landscape attributes (forest cover, edge density and land-use diversity) on bird taxonomic and functional β-diversity across forest-matrix boundaries. Alpha taxonomic richness was higher in forest edges than within both matrix types, but between matrix types, it was higher in pastures than in eucalyptus plantations. Although significantly higher in forests edges than in the adjacent eucalyptus, bird functional richness did not differ between forest edges and adjacent pastures. Community changes (β-diversity) related to species and functional replacements (turnover component) were higher across forest-pasture boundaries, whereas changes related to species and functional loss (nested component) were higher across forest-eucalyptus boundaries. Forest edges adjacent to eucalyptus had significant higher species and functional replacements than forest edges adjacent to pastures. Forest cover negatively influenced functional β-diversity across both forest-pasture and forest-eucalyptus interfaces. We show the importance of matrix type and the structure of surrounding landscapes (mainly forest cover) on rates of bird assemblage spillover across forest-matrix boundaries, which has profound implications to biological fluxes, ecosystem functioning and land-use management in human-modified landscapes.
Differentiating spillover: an examination of cross-habitat movement
<p>The movement of organisms between habitats is a fundamental process that occurs within all ecological disciplines. Once the organism has entered a recipient habitat, its behavior generates a movement pattern as it may remain, move on, return, or constantly move between, producing different population dynamics and environmental changes. Originally, "spillover" was one of these distinct patterns - the uni-directional movement from a donor habitat to a different, adjacent recipient habitat. However, ecological definitions of spillover have become overly generalized to include any cross-habitat movement. As spillover research has nearly doubled since 2018, it is imperative to have universal nomenclature and methods that can quantify the term. This will allow us to advance our understanding of organism behavior in dynamic landscapes. To assess how spillover has been addressed within empirical literature, we reviewed 337 studies and organized them into the ecological disciplines of agriculture, disease, fisheries, and habitat fragmentation. Each study's definition of spillover and the methods used to quantify the term was analyzed using four definition criteria that differentiates different cross-habitat movement patterns. We then determined the specificity of the definition and if the methods used matched the definition provided. Authors often define spillover as a movement (45%) but assess the location of organisms instead (96%). Additionally, 98% of studies assume direct movement out of the donor habitat, which can lead to an over-estimation of movement distance and spillover effect within the recipient habit. Overall, few studies (12%) included methods that matched their own definition, revealing a distinct mismatch. This was particularly noticeable within the fisheries discipline, likely the result of studies incorporating 1.5-fold more criteria within their definitions. There is much theory of the potential impact of organism movement, yet different movement patterns are often not differentiated empirically. Thus, the actual impact within natural systems is unclear. This ambiguity additionally limits communication and collaboration that need universal definitions and methodology. Techniques that quantify movement directly, such as tracking and capture-mark-recapture, are more suited to understanding effective long-term management implications and the impacts of disturbance on populations and communities.</p>
Data from: Matrix type and landscape attributes modulate avian taxonomic and functional spillover across habitat boundaries in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
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Differentiating spillover: an examination of cross-habitat movement
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