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10 results for “habitat structural complexity”
Changes in the acoustic structure of Australian bird communities along a habitat complexity gradient
<p>Avian vocalizations have evolved in response to a variety of abiotic and biotic selective pressures. While there is some support for signal convergence in similar habitats that is attributed to adaptation to the acoustic properties of the environment (the ‘acoustic adaptation hypothesis’, AAH), there is also evidence for character displacement as result of competition for signal space among coexisting species (the ‘acoustic niche partitioning hypothesis’). We explored the acoustic space of avian assemblages distributed along six different habitat types (from herbaceous habitats to warm rainforests) in south eastern Queensland, Australia. We employed three acoustic diversity indices (acoustic richness, evenness, and divergence) to characterize the signal space. In addition, we quantified the phylogenetic and morphological structure (in terms of both body mass and beak size) of each community. Acoustic parameters showed a moderately low phylogenetic signal, indicating labile evolution. Although, we did not find meaningful differences in acoustic diversity indices among habitat categories, there was a significant relationship between the regularity component (evenness) and vegetation height indicating that acoustic signals are more evenly distributed in dense habitats. After accounting for differences in species richness, the volume of acoustic space (i.e., acoustic richness) decreased as the level of phylogenetic and morphological resemblance among species in a given community increased. Additionally, we found a significantly negative relationship between acoustic divergence and divergence in body mass indicating that the less different species are in their body mass, the more different their songs are likely to be. This implies the existence of acoustic niche partitioning at community level. Overall, while we found mixed support for the AAH, our results suggest that community-level effects may play a role in structuring acoustic signals within avian communities in this region. This study shows that signal diversity estimated by diversity metrics of community ecology based on basic acoustic parameters can provide additional insight into the structure of animal vocalizations. <br> </p>
Figure 3. Structurally complex high rugosity coral-dominated reef habitat. Image shows fixed transect 01 from the start pin looking toward a 180 in Fishes of War in the Pacific National Historic Park
Figure 3. Structurally complex high rugosity coral-dominated reef habitat. Image shows fixed transect 01 from the start pin looking toward a 180° heading in the Asan Beach unit (NPS photo).
Habitat structural complexity predicts cognitive performance and behavior in western mosquitofish
<p>Urbanization and stream order alter freshwater habitat complexity (defined as the degree of variation in physical habitat structure). More complex habitats have more variation in habitat structure. Habitat complexity affects species composition and shapes animal ecology, behavior, and cognition. We used a delayed detour test to measure whether motor self-regulation and behavior of Western mosquitofish, <em>Gambusia affinis, </em>varied with habitat structural complexity that was quantified for nine populations. We predicted that motor self-regulation, motivation, and risk-taking behavior would increase with increasing habitat complexity, yet we found the opposite relationship. Lower complexity habitats offer less refuge which could increase predation pressure and select for greater risk-taking by fish with greater motor self-regulation. Our findings provide insight into how habitat complexity is related to cognitive processes and behavioral outcomes, and provide an explanation for why some species have a higher tolerance for urbanized environments.</p>
Data and codes for "Habitat structural complexity increases age-class coexistence and population growth rate through relaxed cannibalism in medaka fish"
<p>The zip file contains readme files, as well as data and codes to reproduce results and figures from the paper.</p>
Changes in the acoustic structure of Australian bird communities along a habitat complexity gradient
<p><span>Avian vocalizations have evolved in response to a variety of abiotic and biotic selective pressures. While there is some support for signal convergence in similar habitats that is attributed to adaptation to the acoustic properties of the environment (the 'acoustic adaptation hypothesis', AAH), there is also evidence for character displacement as a result of competition for signal space among coexisting species (the 'acoustic niche partitioning hypothesis'). We explored the acoustic space of avian assemblages distributed along six different habitat types (from herbaceous habitats to warm rainforests) in southeastern Queensland, Australia. We employed three acoustic diversity indices (acoustic richness, evenness, and divergence) to characterize the signal space. In addition, we quantified the phylogenetic and morphological structure (in terms of both body mass and beak size) of each community. Acoustic parameters showed a moderately low phylogenetic signal, indicating labile evolution. Although, we did not find meaningful differences in acoustic diversity indices among habitat categories, </span><span>there was a significant relationship between the regularity component (evenness) and vegetation height indicating that acoustic signals are more evenly distributed in dense habitats. After accounting for differences in species richness, the volume of acoustic space (i.e., acoustic richness) decreased as the level of phylogenetic and morphological resemblance among species in a given community increased. </span><span>Additionally, we found a significantly negative relationship between acoustic divergence and divergence in body mass indicating that the less different species are in their body mass, the more different their songs are likely to be. This implies the existence of acoustic niche partitioning at the community level. Overall, while we found mixed support for the AAH,</span> <span>our results suggest that community-level effects may play a role in structuring acoustic signals within avian communities in this region. This study shows that signal diversity estimated by diversity metrics of community ecology based on basic acoustic parameters can provide additional insight into the structure of animal vocalizations. </span></p>
Habitat structural complexity predicts cognitive performance and behavior in western mosquitofish
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Changes in the acoustic structure of Australian bird communities along a habitat complexity gradient
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Data from: Structural complexity of hunting habitat and territoriality increase the reversed sexual size dimorphism in diurnal raptors
Despite numerous efforts and many hypotheses to explain the selective pressures that may have favoured reversed sexual dimorphism (RSD) in raptors ‐ i.e. that the female is larger than the male ‐ some drivers of RSD are still unknown. Here we analyse how much variation in RSD is explained by hunting habitat structure, territoriality or territory size. We do so using data on diurnal raptors from the New World and the Western Palearctic – i.e. Cathartidae, Pandionidae, Accipitridae and Falconidae, the largest bird group showing RSD ‐ taking into account the phylogenetic relationships among species. Our results identify the type of the main prey as a major factor explaining RSD in raptors. We also found RSD to increase with increasing structural complexity in the hunting habitat from open or semi‐open habitats to forest interior. RSD also increased with increasing degree of territoriality of the species (non‐territorial < facultative < territorial). Finally, for territorial species RSD increased with increasing size of nesting territory. A model comprising only three predictor variables (prey type, structural complexity of hunting habitat and territoriality) explained up to 50% of the variation in RSD of European and American diurnal raptor species, and up to 40% of the variation in RSD when only territorial species were considered. Our results highlight the relevance of spatial facets of the niche – e.g. hunting habitat, territoriality and territory size ‐ in exerting selective pressures on the body size of diurnal raptors. These selective pressures, joint with already known trophic factors – e.g. diet ‐ are decisive for the evolution of the RSD, a key trait in the functional ecology of raptors. Our findings open up new perspectives in the study of sexual size divergence in birds.
Data set and analytic codes supporting "Direct observation to assess the effects of habitat structure and complexity on resource-use behaviour of butterflies: a study case in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia"
<p>This deposit contains data set and analytic codes (with a meta data) supporting "Direct observation to assess the effects of habitat structure and complexity on resource-use behaviour of butterflies: a study case in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia".</p> <p>We investigated how habitat structure and complexity within smallholding oil palm plantations affected resource-use behaviours of two common butterfly species in the study areas (oil palm plantations in Banting, Selangor, Malaysia): Leptosia nina (Pieridae) and Ypthima spp. (Nymphalidae). Using direct-observation methods we developed, we followed seven and nine individuals of each species respectively, for three minutes in smallholder-owned immature monoculture and polyculture oil palm, and mature monoculture oil palm plantations. We recorded distance travelled by each individual from both straight line and the sums of distances between all perching points, and the position and characteristics of each perch location, where the individual landed. We compared our observations to control runs, generated by pairing observed distances travelled, but selecting the direction for each movement at random. By comparing the distance travelled and characteristics of locations used by butterflies and paired control points across habitats, we assessed how individuals in the two species used the local environment and whether this differed with habitat structure and complexity.</p> <p>Funding and research permission: Jardine Foundation, the Cambridge Trust, and Tim Whitmore Fund funded MFH, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) funded JS (USN: 304338625), and BBSRC (BB/T012366/1) funded the establishment of the plots and surveys of environmental parameters. Research permission was granted by the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) of Malaysia’s Prime Minister’s Department for MFH (Ref: EPU 40/200/19/3727) and JS (Ref: MEA 40/200/19/3705).</p>
Data from: Structural complexity of hunting habitat and territoriality increase the reversed sexual size dimorphism in diurnal raptors
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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