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102 results for “hatchery”
Improvement of abalone hatchery and nursery production processes using organic preparation techniques
<p>France Haliotis tested the effects of different settlement cues on settlement and survival of European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata)</p>
Data from randomized control trials released hatchery salmon treated with anti-parasitic treatment
<p>Data used in the article "<strong>Parasite spillback from fish farms reduce return rate of wild salmon"</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Each release group has been used as a randomized control trials (RCT) of hatchery reared salmon smolts where half of the fish has been treated with an antiparasitic drug. Description of this method has been given in various other publications (Vollset et al. 2014, Vollset et al 2016, Skilbrei et al. 2013). The method involves rearing salmon eggs originating from the national Gene Bank to smolt size in hatchery facilities during one year, and then treating the salmon smolts with fish feed pellets coated with emamectin benzoate (SLICE®). These fish are then released into the river or transported in tanks or mobile net pens further out in the fjord before release. The fish are tagged with either coded-wire-tags (CWT; years 2000-2017) or Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT; 2015-2019) so that it is possible to identify them as they are recaptured or registered on an antenna upon their return as adults. In a few trials, another antiparasitic treatment (Substance EX) has been used, but in most cases the EB has been the only available treatment. Releases of hatchery reared salmon in freshwater have not been successful in this system, i.e. very few fish have returned from any group released in the river, lakes or estuary of Vosso. Since the release groups are also a part of a restoration effort of the Vosso salmon, some years fish have only been released in the fjord. There has been some variation in the release sites in the fjords, but for the purpose of this study we group the release groups in either group that has been released in the outer fjord (70-105 km from the river mouth) and the inner fjord (15-70 km from the river mouth), and freshwater (approx -10 to 15 km from the river mouth). The two most prevalent locations are at Manger (WGS84; 60.63918, 4.92149) and Arna (WGS84; 60.50812, 5.37777).</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Sea lice surveillance</em></p> <p> </p> <p>Sea lice surveillance on sea trout has been conducted at Herdla, the northern peninsula of the island Askøy (WGS84; 60.568972, 4.963010) since 2009. Here, trout have been caught using a trap net that has been developed specifically to capture and treat trout while minimizing sea lice loss during handling (Barlup et al. 2013). From an earlier study by Vollset et al. (2018), it has been shown that the lice numbers on sea trout on this site correlate with the infestation pressure of fish farms in the outer region of the fjord. This area is also one of the largest fish farm zones with coordinated production and fallowing in the outer fjord system where all the released salmon smolts must migrate (see Vollset et al. 2018). This is also the area where surface salinity layers permit salmon lice to overlap with out-migrating salmon smolts (Vollset et al. 2016).</p> <p> </p> <p>The number of trout caught during the monitoring season has varied with weather conditions, sampling intensity, and number of traps operated. The way that trout are handled is described in more detail in Vollset et al. (2018), but in brief, the trap chambers are checked daily, and individual trout are transferred from the trap using a hand held dip net and are either euthanized and placed in zip-lock bag or transported in a large bucket with aerated water to land. Euthanized samples are kept cold and frozen when at land, and later thawed and counted in the lab, while live samples are counted after being sedated with half dose (0.05 g/L) of MS222 and then assessed for salmon lice in a high-contrast bucket using a headlamp by trained personnel. Since 2015 the sea lice surveillance at Herdla is also operated as a part of the Norwegian national sea lice monitoring program.</p> <p>We aimed to use a standardized time period from which to assess sea lice numbers on sea trout that can be representative of the lice infestation pressure from when the tagged hatchery salmon smolts are released. When counting sea lice on sea trout, the most observable lice are large chalimus and mobile stages, while recently attached copepods are more likely to be missed. Therefore, we use total lice counts on sea trout from Julian day 135 to 165 as an assessment of the infestation pressure the salmon smolts must experience. This corresponds to approximately 15 May to 15 of June, and is based on a study on progression rate of salmon smolts from hatchery smolt in this area (Vollset et al. 2016). To account for the fact that larger fish will attract more parasites, we use parasites per gram fish per individual and average data to get one index per year. This method is expected to provide a fair index of interannual variation of the infestation pressure.</p> <p> </p> <p>Table 1 Description of column names in csv file</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Name</td> <td>Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td>release_year</td> <td>Year of release as smolts</td> </tr> <tr> <td>release_place</td> <td>Name of release place location</td> </tr> <tr> <td>release_date</td> <td>Date of release as smolts</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Released</td> <td>Number of hatchery smolt released</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Recaptured</td> <td>Number of hatchery smolt recaptured as adults</td> </tr> <tr> <td>treat</td> <td>Treatment (either treatment or control)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>tag</td> <td>Tag type (either CWT or PIT)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>release_category</td> <td>Release place (either river, outer fjord or inner fjord)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>lpg</td> <td>Lice per gram fish on trout during surveillance from 15 of May to 15 of June the year of release</td> </tr> <tr> <td>pr</td> <td>Percent (%) recaptures as adults</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
Effects of Salinity on the Reproductive Cycle of the Mangrove Oyster Crassostrea tulipa in Hatchery Conditions
<p>Aim: Development of hatchery techniques for <i>Crassostrea gasar</i> seed supplies, including animal conditioning using salinity manipulation.</p><p>A protocol for conditioning using salinity manipulation for <i>C. gasar</i> was developed based on review of existing literature and data from previous projects. The protocol was tested and evaluated by university partners in southern Brazil, refined by Embrapa and then transferred to industry partners.</p>
Fig. 1 in Induced spawning and early ontogeny in hatchery-reared catfish Zungaro jahu (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)
Fig. 1. Steromicroscopic images of fresh oocytes (a; 1.6 mm in diameter), eggs (b-k; ~2.4 mm in diameter), embryos (l-m; ~2.4 mm in diameter), and free embryo (l-n; 4.3 mm TL) of jahu in hatchery conditions. a) recently spawned oocyte covered by the jelly coat (arrow); b) egg showing a large perivitelline space and two blastomeres of same size (45 min post fertilization, PF); c) dorsal view of egg seen in b; d) egg with four blastomeres of same size (50 min PF); e) egg with eight blastomeres of same size (50 min PF); f) egg with sixteen blastomeres of same size (1 h 15 min PF); g) egg with thirty-two blastomeres of same size (1 h 20 min PF); h) morula stage (2 h 10 min PF); i) half of the yolk sphere (circa 50% epiboly) was covered with the blastoderm (4 h 50 min PF); j) formation of the yolk plug circa 90% epiboly (6 h 30 min PF); k) end of epiboly with closure of embryo ring (blastopore) (7 h 30 min PF); l) embryo exhibiting optic calyx (OC), otic vesicle (OV), Kupffer's vesicle (KV), and 13 somites (10 h 30 min); m) embryo within egg envelop exhibiting free, beating tail (13 h 30 min PF); n) free embryo, the almost transparent body is involved by the primordial fin fold; head and anterior part of body over the yolk sac; non-pigmented retina; mouth is closed; notochord slightly flexed; 39.1 ± 2.0 miotomes (circa 6 h post hatching).
Reproductive success of hatchery- and natural-spawning sockeye salmon, Auke Creek, Alaska
<p>Evaluating salmon hatchery supplementation programs requires assessing not only program objectives but identifying potential risks to wild populations as well. Such evaluations can be hampered by difficulty in distinguishing between hatchery- and wild-born returning adults. Here, we conducted three years (2011–2013) of experimental hatchery supplementation of sockeye salmon in Auke Lake, Juneau, Alaska where a permanent weir allows sampling and genotyping of every returning adult (2008–2019). We identified both hatchery- and wild-born returning adults with parentage assignment, quantified the productivity (adult offspring/spawner) of hatchery spawners relative to that of wild spawners, and compared run timing, age, and size at age between hatchery- and wild-born adults. Hatchery-spawning females produced approximately six to 50 times more returning adults than did naturally spawning females. Supplementation had no discernable effect on run timing and limited consequences for size at age, but we observed a distinct shift to younger age at maturity in the hatchery-born individuals in all three brood years. The shift appeared to be driven by hatchery-born fish being more likely to emigrate after one, rather than two, years in the lake but the cause is unknown. In cases when spawning or incubation habitat is limiting sockeye salmon production, hatchery supplementation can be effective for enhancing the number of returning adult fish but not without the risk of phenotypic change in the recipient population, which can be an undesired outcome of hatchery supplementation. This study adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that phenotypic change within a single generation of captive spawning might be widespread in salmon hatchery programs.</p>
Figure 2 in Efficacy of low-dose EarthTec QZ treatment for the control of New Zealand mud snails Potamopyrgus antipodarum in a hatchery environment
Figure 2. Mean percent of active individuals with standard error (SE) plotted against days of treatment for three species of snail at Page Springs Hatchery.
Fig. 6 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species
Fig. 6. Most important ecomorphological attributes for Brycon orbignyanus in the morphological differentiation among treatments, according to the ANOVA and the DCA, concomitantly. Treatments with a different letter above their ranges differed significantly.
Fig. 3 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species
Fig. 3. Condition factors (CFs) for Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus. The ANOVA was significant for both species (p <0.0001), demonstrating significant differences among the treatments. The results of the Tukey tests specifying which CFs were different from each other is demonstrated by the letters A, B, and C. Different letters indicate significant differences among the treatments.
Fig. 5 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species
Fig. 5. Most important ecomorphological attributes for Prochilodus lineatus in the morphological differentiation among treatments, according to the ANOVA and the DCA, concomitantly. Treatments with a different letter above their ranges differed significantly.
Fig. 7 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species
Fig. 7. The log of the distance from the centroid plus 1 [log (DC+1)] for Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus. The ANOVA was significant for both species (p <0.0001), demonstrating significant differences among the treatments. The results of the Tukey tests, specifying which DCs were different from each other, are demonstrated by the letters A, B, and C. Different letters indicate significant differences among the treatments.
Fig. 4 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species
Fig. 4. Projection of the four treatments [C = control; L = logs; M = macrophytes; and B = both (logs+macrophytes)] in the first two axes of the Principal Component Analysis for Prochilodus lineatus and for Brycon orbignyanus.
Male sexual signaling and expected effects of hatchery-induced sperm competition vary with water depth at which whitefish are caught
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Salmonids like whitefish (<em>Coregonus</em> spp.) are often propagated in supportive breeding. Spawners are caught from their spawning locations, their gametes mixed, and the resulting offspring reared in a protected environment before being released into the wild. This procedure can affect sexual selection, for example, by enhancing the importance of sperm competition or by reducing the relevance of sexual signals. While it is often unclear how sperm competitiveness is affected by a male's overall genetic quality, there is accumulating evidence that sexual signals reveal good genes and that mate choice based on such signals can increase offspring viability (Auld et al. 2019). Therefore, supportive breeding may affect the genetic variance and the mean genetic quality of next generations. We sampled whitefish from various locations along a depth gradient to test how male characteristics that are likely to affect sexual selection under natural conditions correlate with characteristics that affect hatchery-induced sperm competition. Whitefish are external fertilizers, and multi-male spawning and hence sperm competition is common under natural conditions. Mate choice is not sufficiently understood but could be based on breeding tubercles. These are small conical structures that grow on scales before the breeding sea- son and fall off shortly afterwards. The size of breeding tubercles varies much among males and has repeatedly been found to correlate positively with offspring viability (Wedekind et al. 2001; Keka ̈la ̈inen et al. 2010). Male dominance is typically depend- ent on body size (Auld et al. 2019) and could also be relevant in whitefish. Body size itself can reflect individual inbreeding coefficients (Su et al. 1996) and be an indicator of heritable genetic quality in small or structured populations (Neff and Pitcher 2008). In another fish with a somewhat comparable mating system, the size of breeding tubercles and male size was not correlated but could both be used to predict male reproductive success under close to natural conditions (Jacob et al. 2009). We study whitefish from Lake Hallwil (Switzerland). This lake has suffered so much from anthropogenic eutrophication that it is being artificially aerated since 1985. Three hatcheries around the lake are likely to have played a key role in maintaining the whitefish population, as concluded also from a recent mark–recapture experiment (Vonlanthen 2015). However, eutrophication combined with possible hybridization in hatcheries can have led to a speciation reversal (Vonlanthen et al. 2012) and may thereby have destroyed any genetic structure linked to water depth. Hatchery protocols now focus on maintaining over-all genetic variance by pooling milt of many males before adding the mix to eggs of multiple females. Milt volume varies among sires, for example, because males often lose milt when being pulled up from deep locations (Figure 1), an effect that likely depends on how much the swim bladder is inflated by the change in pressure. This variance in milt volume is likely to affect the genetic variance that, in combination with the average genetic quality, may then affect the long-term survival of a population. The extent to which hatchery protocols affect genetic quality can be estimated by the correlations between male quality indicators and traits that affect hatchery-induced sperm competition, that is, sperm number, velocity, and longevity (summarized here as "milt potency," see also Supplementary Material). Many breeding protocols are likely to promote genetic quality if male attractiveness or dominance are positively correlated to milt potency. If there are no such correlations or negative ones because of life-history trade-offs, hatchery-induced sperm competition is likely to reduce the average genetic quality in future generations. We sampled fish from various depths and determined their age, size, breeding ornamentation, and milt potency (see methods in the Supplementary Material) to test whether and how different male characteristics affect reproductive success in supportive breeding in a heavily managed population.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Haliotis tuberculata sp. hatchery and algae settlement cues
<p>Data set of experimental settlement induction of Haliotis tuberculata sp. using red and green algal substrates.</p>
Juvenile life history, migration, and habitat use of natural- versus hatchery-origin Chinook salmon
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Genetic parentage reveals the (un)natural history of Central Valley Hatchery steelhead
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Male sexual signaling and expected effects of hatchery-induced sperm competition vary with water depth at which whitefish are caught
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Reproductive success of hatchery- and natural-spawning sockeye salmon, Auke Creek, Alaska
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Data from: Limited hatchery introgression into wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations despite reoccurring stocking
Due to increased anthropogenic pressures on many fish populations, supplementing wild populations with captive-raised individuals has become an increasingly common management practice. Stocking programs can be controversial due to uncertainty about the long-term fitness effects of genetic introgression on wild populations. In particular, introgression between hatchery and wild individuals can cause declines in wild population fitness, resiliency, and adaptive potential, and contribute to local population extirpation. However, low survival and fitness of captive-raised individuals can minimize the long-term genetic consequences of stocking in wild populations, and to date the prevalence of introgression in actively stocked ecosystems has not been rigorously evaluated. We quantified the extent of introgression in 30 populations of wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a Pennsylvania watershed, and examined the correlation between introgression and 11 environmental covariates. Genetic assignment tests were used to determine the origin (wild vs. captive-raised) for 1742 wild-caught and 300 hatchery brook trout. To avoid assignment biases, individuals were assigned to two simulated populations that represented the average allele frequencies in wild and hatchery groups. Fish with intermediate probabilities of wild ancestry were classified as introgressed, with threshold values determined through simulation. Even with reoccurring stocking at most sites, over 93% of wild-caught individuals probabilistically assigned to wild origin, and only 6% of wild-caught fish assigned to introgressed. Models examining environmental drivers of introgression explained less than 3% of the among-population variability, and all estimated effects were highly uncertain. This was not surprising given overall low introgression observed in this study. Our results suggest that introgression of hatchery-derived genotypes can occur at low rates, even in actively stocked ecosystems and across a range of habitats. However, a cautious approach to stocking may still be warranted, as the potential effects of stocking on wild population fitness and the mechanisms limiting introgression are not known.
Multiple decades of stocking has resulted in limited hatchery introgression in wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations of Nova Scotia
<p>Many populations of freshwater fishes are threatened with losses, and increasingly, the release of hatchery individuals is one strategy being implemented to support wild populations. However, stocking of hatchery individuals may pose long-term threats to wild populations, particularly if genetic interactions occur between wild and hatchery individuals. One highly prized sport fish that has been heavily stocked throughout its range is the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). In Nova Scotia, Canada, hatchery brook trout have been stocked since the early 1900s, and despite continued stocking efforts, populations have suffered declines in recent decades. Before this study, the genetic structure of brook trout populations in the province was unknown; however, given the potential negative consequences associated with hatchery stocking, it is possible that hatchery programs have adversely affected the genetic integrity of wild populations. To assess the influence of hatchery supplementation on wild populations, we genotyped wild brook trout from 12 river systems and hatchery brook trout from two major hatcheries using 100 microsatellite loci. Genetic analyses of wild trout revealed extensive population genetic structure among and within river systems and significant isolation-by-distance. Hatchery stocks were genetically distinct from wild populations, and most populations showed limited to no evidence of hatchery introgression (<5% hatchery ancestry). Only a single location had a substantial number of hatchery-derived trout and was located in the only river where a local strain is used for supplementation. The amount of hatchery stocking within a watershed did not influence the level of hatchery introgression. Neutral genetic structure of wild populations was influenced by geography with some influence of climate and stocking indices. Overall, our study suggests that long-term stocking has not significantly affected the genetic integrity of wild trout populations, highlighting the variable outcomes of stocking and the need to evaluate the consequences on a case-by-case basis</p>
Water supply improvement and isolation of native microalgae study at Primar Hatchery
<p>Revise the estuarine water collection and treatment structure to improve the water quality of the Primar hatchery of <i>Crassostrea gasar </i>and produce isolated native microalgae feed for larvae of <i>C. gasar</i></p><p> </p><p>Based on previous projects and literature, a system to improve the catchment structure and treatment of estuarine water used at Primar's hatchery was developed. Further, samples of native microalgae were collected at a location close to the Primar hatchery. The microalgae were isolated and experimental production, subsequent tests, evaluations and adjustments were performed before pilot production of native microalgae for feeding of <i>C. gasar</i> was done. </p><p>The data was collected during 2020 and 2023 at Primar hatchery, Brazil. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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