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15 results for “hatching time”
Data from: Temperature has an overriding role compared to photoperiod in regulating the seasonal timing of winter moth egg hatching
<p>To accurately predict species' phenology under climate change, we need to gain a detailed mechanistic understanding of how different environmental cues interact to produce the seasonal timing response. In the winter moth (<em>Operophtera brumata</em>), seasonal timing of egg hatching is strongly affected by ambient temperature and has been under strong climate change-induced selection over the past 25 years. However, it is unclear whether photoperiod received at the egg stage also influences timing of egg hatching. Here, we investigated the relative contribution of photoperiod and temperature in regulating winter moth egg development using two split-brood experiments. We experimentally shifted the photoperiod eggs received by 2-4 weeks compared to the actual calendar date and measured the timing of egg hatching, both at a constant temperature and in combination with two naturally changing temperature treatments – mimicking a cold and a warm year. We found an eight-fold larger effect of temperature compared to photoperiod on egg development time. Moreover, the very small photoperiod effects we found were outweighed by both between- and within-clutch variation in egg development time. Thus, we conclude that photoperiod received at the egg stage does likely not play a substantial role in regulating the seasonal timing of egg hatching in the winter moth. These insights into the regulatory mechanism of seasonal timing could have important implications for predicting insect climate change adaptation, as we might expect different targets of selection depending on the relative contribution of different environmental cues.</p>
Data from: Paternal hatching care regulates the timing, synchrony, and success of hatching in a coral reef fish
<p>In oviparous species, the timing of hatching is a crucial decision, but for developing embryos, assessing cues that indicate the optimal time to hatch is challenging. In species with parental care, parents can assess environmental conditions and induce their offspring to hatch. We provide the first documentation of parental hatching regulation in a coral reef fish, demonstrating that male neon gobies (<em>Elacatinus colini</em>) directly regulate hatching by removing embryos from the clutch and spitting hatchlings into the water column. All male gobies synchronized hatching within 2h of sunrise, regardless of when eggs were laid. Paternally-incubated embryos hatched later in development, more synchronously, and had higher hatching success than artificially-incubated embryos that were shaken to simulate paternal hatching cues or not stimulated. Artificially-incubated embryos displayed substantial plasticity in hatching times (range: 88 – 244 hours post-fertilization), suggesting that males could respond to environmental heterogeneity by modifying the hatching time of their offspring. Finally, paternally-incubated embryos hatched with smaller yolk sacs and larger propulsive areas than artificially-incubated embryos, suggesting that paternal effects on hatchling phenotypes may influence larval dispersal and fitness. These findings highlight the complexity of fish parental care and may have important, and currently unstudied, consequences for fish population dynamics.</p>
dataset: Transporting Tenebrio molitor Eggs: The Effect of Temperature, Humidity and Time on the Hatch Rate
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Data from: Temperature has an overriding role compared to photoperiod in regulating the seasonal timing of winter moth egg hatching
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Data from: Paternal hatching care regulates the timing, synchrony, and success of hatching in a coral reef fish
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Data from: Shifts in hatch dates do not provide pied flycatchers with a rapid ontogenetic route to adjust offspring time schedules to climate change
1. Environments change rapidly, and it is unclear whether organisms with complex life-styles, such as avian migrants, are able to adjust sufficiently. For understanding human impacts on ecosystem functioning, it is crucial to understand how well, and by which mechanisms species are able to adapt. 2. To improve the understanding of migrants' ability to adjust their annual timing to climate change, we investigated ontogenetic hatch date effects on adult spring migration timing and female egg laying dates. We experimentally delayed hatch dates of pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca by one week in three breeding seasons by delaying incubation onset. We investigate if natural and experimental (shifts in) hatch date affected timing of recruiting individuals up to at least three years after the manipulation. 3. Spring arrival dates were positively correlated to natural variation in hatch dates in three of the five years considered, but no such effects were found in egg laying. Experiments showed that delayed hatching resulted in delayed arrival and laying only in one-year old and not in older birds. These effects were mostly observed during one of the study years. 4. The discrepancy between experimental and natural hatch date effects indicate that a causal hatch date effect is not generally responsible for the correlation between hatch date and timing during adulthood. Instead, we propose that natural hatch date effects on spring arrival arise from genetic variation in migration schedules, while delays in hatching induced carry-over effects on arrival and laying dates in offspring (e.g. the experimental effect in 2010). Strong support for year-specific expression of hatch date and delay effects on time schedules imply that trait-variation can be easily obscured. The latter may explain the lack of hatch date effects on female egg laying. 5. Our results imply that plasticity in breeding phenology does not provide pied flycatchers with a non-genetic inheritance route to rapidly advance annual cycles. Instead, plasticity may rather masks (genetic) trait-variation for selection to act on, and thereby slow down micro-evolutionary adaptation to changing environments.
Data from: Plastic hatching timing by red-eyed treefrog embryos interacts with larval predator identity and sublethal predation to affect prey morphology but not performance
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Data from: Shifts in hatch dates do not provide pied flycatchers with a rapid ontogenetic route to adjust offspring time schedules to climate change
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Data from: Hatching late in the season requires flexibility in the timing of song learning
Most songbirds learn their songs from adult tutors, who can be their father or other male conspecifics. However, the variables that control song learning in a natural social context are largely unknown. We investigated whether the time of hatching of male domesticated canaries has an impact on their song development and on the neuroendocrine parameters of the song control system. Average age difference between early- and late-hatched males was 50 days with a maximum of 90 days. Song activity of adult tutor males decreased significantly during the breeding season. While early-hatched males were exposed to tutor songs for on average the first 99 days, late-hatched peers heard adult song only during the first 48 days of life. Remarkably, although hatching late in the season negatively affected body condition, no differences between both groups of males were found in song characteristics either in autumn or in the following spring. Similarly, hatching date had no effect on song nucleus size and circulating testosterone levels. Our data suggest that late-hatched males must have undergone accelerated song development. Furthermore, the limited tutor song exposure did not affect adult song organization and song performance.
Does hatch date set the clock? Timing of post-fledging movements for families of a colonially breeding, long-distance migratory songbird
<p><span>Factors that influence the development of migration timing in juvenile songbirds have implications for the ability of individuals to respond positively to rapid environmental changes. We investigated the impacts of nest timing on the post-fledging movement timing of juveniles and adults of a migratory songbird. We tested whether first egg date and environmental factors predicted the initiation of post-fledging stages: fledge date for juveniles, and colony departure date for both adults and juveniles. At breeding colonies of purple martin (<i>Progne subis</i>) in southern Ontario, Canada, we monitored nests to determine the date of nest initiation ('first egg date') and deployed 122 coded radio-frequency tracking tags on young and adults to determine the timing of post-fledging stages. We found that first egg date, the number of nestmates and age of parents were the main predictors of fledge date. Of these three factors, only first egg date was carried through post-fledge to influence colony departure date for juvenile birds, but this relationship weakened between first egg date and departure date. Nestmates tended to fledge together (range 0-4 days) but exhibited greater variation in colony departure timing (range 0-11 days). Further, while first egg influenced departure date, increasing variation between fledge and departure led to some birds departing breeding colonies at a younger age, suggesting in influence of local environmental factors (e.g. social or photoperiod change) in departure decisions. The timing of adult colony departure date was independent of first egg dates. In sum, our results suggest a role for 1<sup>st</sup> egg dates in setting timing of post-breeding movements, but with variation introduced between fledge and departure dates. Experimental manipulations of photoperiod in a wild setting are needed and future research should investigate whether the timing of movement driven by nesting timing, holds across the rest of migration or even the lifetime of birds. </span></p>
Does hatch date set the clock? Timing of post-fledging movements for families of a colonially breeding, long-distance migratory songbird
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Data from: Fluctuating thermal environments and time-dependent effects on fruit fly egg-hatching performance
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Data from: The effect of egg size on hatch time and metabolic rate: theoretical and empirical insights on developing insect embryos
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Data from: Hatching late in the season requires flexibility in the timing of song learning
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Investigating Micro-Manipulation Procedures for Assisted Hatching Timing
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06377917. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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