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15 results for “hawkmoth pollination”
Figures 2–7. Cayman Islands Sphingidae. 2 in A checklist of the hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of the Cayman Islands: with implications for the pollination of the ghost orchid Dendrophylax fawcettii Rolfe (Orchidaceae: Angraecinae) and consideration of bat predation
Figures 2–7. Cayman Islands Sphingidae. 2) Isognathus rimosa. 3) Erinnyis obscura. 4) Phryxus caicus. 5) Predation of Pachylia ficus larva by Mangrove Cuckoo, Coccyzus minor. 6) Pachylia ficus. 7) Enyo lugubris. Photographic credits: M.C. Rose-Smyth (2, 27.i.2017; 3, 08.viii.2018; 4, 24.xiii.2015, 6, 05.iv.2018; 7, 13.ii.2018), Yves-Jacques Rey-Millet (5, 29.xii.2012).
Figures 8–11. Cayman Islands Sphingidae. 8 in A checklist of the hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of the Cayman Islands: with implications for the pollination of the ghost orchid Dendrophylax fawcettii Rolfe (Orchidaceae: Angraecinae) and consideration of bat predation
Figures 8–11. Cayman Islands Sphingidae. 8) Eumorpha vitis. 9) Eumorpha fasciatus. 10) Eumorpha satellitia posticatus. 11) Xylophanes tersa. Photographic credits: Stuart Mailer (8, 12.v.2010), Peter and Norma Davey (9, 10.ii.2018), Gary J. Goss (10, 26.vi.2017), M.C. Rose-Smyth (11, NTCI collection).
Figure 1 in A checklist of the hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of the Cayman Islands: with implications for the pollination of the ghost orchid Dendrophylax fawcettii Rolfe (Orchidaceae: Angraecinae) and consideration of bat predation
Figure 1. Collection and observation locations in the Cayman Islands. Little Cayman: 1. Nature Trail; 2. Stonewall Dr., Spyglass Hill; 3. Pirates Point; 4. South Town (Blossom Village); 5. Cross the Land Road (now Guy Banks); 6. Central Forest, south of Sparrowhawk Hill; 7. Coppice Rd. Cayman Brac: A. West End (Cotton Tree Land); B. Stake Bay (Stakes Bay in Jordan 1940); C. Arlin Reid Drive; D. Earthquake Hole; E. Spot Bay; E1. Lighthouse Trail. Grand Cayman: F. West Bay; G. Crystal Harbour; H. George Town (Georgetown in Jordan 1940); I. Ocean Club; J. Newlands; K. North Sound Estates; L. Savannah; M. Agricultural Grounds/Pavilion/Lottery Rd.; N. Valley Gardens; O. Bodden Town; P. High Rock; Q. East End; R. Colliers Wilderness Reserve; S. Queen Elizabeth II Botanic Park; T. Old Man Bay; U. Mastic Trail; V. Hutland (Hut Rd.); W. North Side; X. North Sound, Booby Cay (Booby Bay in Jordan 1940).
Figure 12 in A checklist of the hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) of the Cayman Islands: with implications for the pollination of the ghost orchid Dendrophylax fawcettii Rolfe (Orchidaceae: Angraecinae) and consideration of bat predation
Figure 12. Tongue lengths of twenty of the twenty-three species of hawkmoth found in Grand Cayman, plus that of Dolba hyloeus. Data from: Miller (1997) supplemented by Haber and Frankie (1989), Houlihan et al. (2019): and Danaher et al. (2019). Species are grouped by "pollinia carriers" and "visitors to flowers" in Florida, according to Houlihan et al. (2019) and Danaher et al. (2019) and "not observed". Colour codes are: red = species not occurring in Grand Cayman; blue = species occurring in Grand Cayman.
Dataset for: Short flowers for long tongues: functional specialization in a nocturnal pollination network of an asclepiad in long-tongued hawkmoths (Biotropica)
<p><span>Since Darwin, very long and narrow floral tubes have been known to represent the main floral morphological feature for specialized long-tongued hawkmoth pollination. However, specialization may be driven by other contrivances instead of floral tube morphology. Asclepiads are plants with a complex floral morphology where primary hawkmoth pollination had never been described. We detailed here the intricate pollination mechanism of the South American asclepiad <em>Schubertia grandiflora</em>, where functional specialization on long-tongued hawkmoth pollinators occurs despite the short floral tube of this species. We studied two plant populations in the Brazilian Cerrado and recorded floral visitors using different approaches, such as light-trapped hawkmoths for pollen analysis, direct field observations, and IR motion-activated cameras. Finally, using a community-level approach we applied an ecological network analysis to identify the realized pollinator niche of <em>S. grandiflora</em> among the available niches in the pollinator community. Throughout a period of 17 years, long-tongued hawkmoths were consistently recorded as the main floral visitors and the only effective pollinators of <em>S. grandiflora</em>. Flowers rely on highly modified corona and gynostegium, and enlarged nectar chambers, to drive visitors and pollination mechanism. Despite relatively short-tube, network analysis placed <em>S. grandiflora</em> in the module including exclusively long-tongued hawkmoth pollinators and the most phenotypically specialized sphingophilous plants in the community. These results represent the first example of functional specialization in long-tongued hawkmoths in an asclepiad species. However, this specialization is uncoupled from the long floral tubes historically associated with the sphingophily syndrome.</span></p>
Data from: Evidence for diurnal bee pollination in the ancestrally hawkmoth-pollinated genus Crinum (Amaryllidaceae)
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Dataset for: Short flowers for long tongues: functional specialization in a nocturnal pollination network of an asclepiad in long-tongued hawkmoths (Biotropica)
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Data from: Papilio butterfly vs. hawkmoth pollination explains floral syndrome dichotomy in a clade of Lilium
<p>This dataset contains data described in the paper recently accepted by Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society:" Liu C-Q, Niu Y, Lu Q-B, Chen Z, Cai B, Fang Y, Gao Y-D. (2021) <i><span>Papilio</span></i> butterfly vs. hawkmoth pollination explains floral syndrome dichotomy in a clade of <i><span>Lilium</span></i>".</p> <div>The <span>Leucolirion </span>clade of <span>Lilium</span> contains species with either tepal-recurved or trumpet-shaped flowers. We hypothesized that the tepal-recurved flowers might be pollinated by butterflies and/or birds while the trumpet-shaped flowers might permit visitation by a variety of hawkmoths. <span>Lilium leucanthum</span> has trumpet shaped flowers, and some populations of this species show dark coloration on the floral outer surface, suggesting pollination by mammals. We examined the dependence of reproduction on pollinators by pollen load analysis and pollination experiments. We also analysed floral traits to contrast the two floral syndromes involving different lepidopteran groups.</div> <div> </div> <div>The tepal-recurved lilies delivered pollen by <span>Papilio</span> butterflies with pollen predominantly attached to the hindwings. The trumpet-shaped flowers attracted diverse species with proboscises of different lengths. Self-incompatibility prevails throughout the clade. Exclusion of lepidopteran visitors resulted in very low seed set. The butterfly- and hawkmoth-pollinated species display contrasting floral syndromes. Thus, the dichotomy in floral syndrome, including nectar, color, and morphology in the <span>Leucolirion</span> clade is associated with <span>Papilio</span> butterfly vs. hawkmoth pollination. Intraspecific variation in colour of the floral outer surface of <span>L</span>. <span>leucanthum</span> was also confirmed by our measurements.</div> <div> </div> <div>These data can be used in further research on the floral ecology and evolution of Lilium and may also be needed in reviews of flower-hawkmoth interactions and hawkmoth biology.</div>
Data from: Papilio butterfly vs. hawkmoth pollination explains floral syndrome dichotomy in a clade of Lilium
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Data from: Selection on floral design in Polemonium brandegeei (Polemoniaceae): female and male fitness under hawkmoth pollination
Plant-pollinator interactions promote the evolution of floral traits that attract pollinators and facilitate efficient pollen transfer. The spatial separation of sex-organs, herkogamy, is believed to limit sexual interference in hermaphrodite flowers. Reverse herkogamy (stigma recessed below anthers) and long narrow corolla-tubes are expected to promote efficiency in male function under hawkmoth pollination. We tested this prediction by measuring selection in six experimental arrays of Polemonium brandegeei, a species that displays continuous variation in herkogamy, resulting in a range of recessed to exserted stigmas. Under glasshouse conditions, we measured pollen removal and deposition, and estimated selection gradients (ß) through female fitness (seeds set) and male fitness (siring success based on 6 polymorphic microsatellite loci). Siring success was higher in plants with more nectar sugar and narrow corolla-tubes. However, selection through female function for reverse herkogamy was considerably stronger than was selection through male function. Hawkmoths were initially attracted to larger flowers, but overall preferred plants with reverse herkogamy. Greater pollen deposition and seed set also occurred in reverse herkogamous plants. Thus, reverse herkogamy may be maintained by hawkmoths through female rather than male function. Further, our results suggest that pollinator attraction may play a considerable role in enhancing female function.
Data from: Selection on Polemonium brandegeei (Polemoniaceae) flowers under hummingbird pollination: in opposition, parallel, or independent of selection by hawkmoths?
Particular floral phenotypes are often associated with specific groups of pollinators. However, flowering plants are often visited, and may be effectively pollinated by more than one type of animal. Therefore, a major outstanding question in floral biology asks: what is the nature of selection on floral traits when pollinators are diverse? This study examined how hummingbirds selected on the floral traits of Polemonium brandegeei, a species pollinated by both hummingbirds and hawkmoths. In array populations of P. brandegeei, we measured pollen movement, and female (seeds set) and male (seeds sired) fitness under hummingbird pollination. We then compared the patterns of selection by hummingbirds with our previous study examining selection by hawkmoths. We documented contrasting selection on sex organ positioning through female function, with hummingbirds selecting for stigmas exserted beyond the anthers and hawkmoths selecting for stigmas recessed below the anthers. Furthermore, hummingbirds selected for longer and wider corolla tubes, and hawkmoths selected for narrower corolla tubes. Therefore, contrasting selection by hawkmoths and hummingbirds may account for variation in sex organ arrangements and corolla dimensions in P. brandegeei. We documented how floral traits under selection by multiple pollinators can result in either an intermediate "compromise" between selective pressures (sex organs) or apparent specialization (corolla tube length) to one pollinator.
Evidence for hawkmoth pollination in the chiropterophilous African baobab (Adansonia digitata)
<p>Chiropterophily, or<b> </b>bat pollination, is typically considered a highly specialized pollination system that has evolved independently numerous times across the<b> </b>angiosperm phylogeny, with distinct lineages often converging on a similar suite of floral traits. The African baobab, <em>Adansonia digitata</em>, occurs widespread across continental Africa and introduced throughout much of the tropics, possesses floral traits classically associated with bat pollination, namely nocturnal anthesis, pendulous white flowers, and a "musky" fragrance. Despite this, our observations and pollination exclusion experiments in South African baobab populations suggested little if any role for bats, but instead showed that hawkmoths are the main pollinators. <span>Hand pollination indicated strong self-incompatibility and crossing experiments suggest minimal diurnal receptivity. </span>Furthermore, our analyses of floral volatiles revealed not only sulfur-containing compounds, commonly associated with bat pollination, but also a high concentration of the sesquiterpene <span>β-caryophyllene, a compound generally more typical of hawkmoth pollination</span>. <span>Comparing previous pollination studies and </span>published floral scent profiles from West Africa suggests that the classic bat pollination system in baobabs may be more labile than previously thought. This study provides an empirical example of a species that most likely evolved due to bat pollination yet has some degree of generality and possible geographic variation in floral traits and pollinator visitation patterns across its range.</p>
Data from: Selection on Polemonium brandegeei (Polemoniaceae) flowers under hummingbird pollination: in opposition, parallel, or independent of selection by hawkmoths?
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Data from: Selection on floral design in Polemonium brandegeei (Polemoniaceae): female and male fitness under hawkmoth pollination
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Evidence for hawkmoth pollination in the chiropterophilous African baobab (Adansonia digitata)
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