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34 results for “hawksbill turtle”
Figure 1. a in Destination Revealed: Post-Nesting Migrations of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Moso Island, Republic of Vanuatu
Figure 1. a. Post-nesting migration of Lucy (164957-yellow line), Teslaba (164949) and Pansiko (164950) from Moso Island, Republic of Vanuatu to the region of the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. b. Post-nesting migration of Ethana (164948), Launmakala (713459), Pua Lilia (704626A-yellow line) and Tassiriki (713458) from Moso Island, Republic of Vanuatu to New Caledonia and Aneityum Island, Republic of Vanuatu.
Figure 4. a in Destination Revealed: Post-Nesting Migrations of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Moso Island, Republic of Vanuatu
Figure 4. a. Example of typical diel movement of Launmakala in her forage grounds showing period of near zero nocturnal movement indicating resting behavior and periods of positive diurnal movement indicating swimming and foraging behavior. b. Example of typical diel movement of Tassiriki in her forage grounds showing periods of near zero nocturnal movement indicating resting behavior and periods of positive diurnal movement indicating swimming and foraging behavior.
Figure 3. a in Destination Revealed: Post-Nesting Migrations of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Moso Island, Republic of Vanuatu
Figure 3. a. Internesting movements of Pua Lilia (704626A) between January 10, 2019 and March 7, 2019 off Moso Island, Republic of Vanuatu. The 95% KUD (light yellow) = 1.2 km2 and the 50% KUD (dark yellow) = 0.04 km2. b. The sum of the minimum distance moved between consecutive location fixes for Pua Lilia. The increased slope of the distances indicates increased swimming activity and correlates in each case with the time before and after the suspected nesting dates. c. Internesting tracks and KUD for Tassiriki (713458) from January 8, 2020 to February 8, 2020. The 95% KUD (light yellow) = 0.3 km2 and the 50% KUD (dark yellow) of 0.009 km2. d. The sum of the minimum distance moved between consecutive location fixes for Tassiriki. The increased slope of the distance traveled indicates increased swimming activity and correlates in each case with the time before and after the suspected nesting dates.
Figure 2 in Destination Revealed: Post-Nesting Migrations of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) from Moso Island, Republic of Vanuatu
Figure 2. Home range calculations for four post-nesting hawksbills tagged on Moso Island, Republic of Vanuatu using the kernel utilization distribution (KUD) estimator. a. 95% KUD = 28.9 km2 and b. 50% KUD = 5.7 km2 for Ethana (164948). c. 95% KUD = 7.4 km2 and d. 50% KUD = 2.0 km2 for Pua Lilia (704626A). e. 95% KUD = 1.7 km2 f. 50% KUD = 0.2 km2 for Launmakala (713459). g. 95% KUD = 7.4 km2 and h. 50% KUD = 0.6 km2 for Tassiriki (713458).
Fig. 5 in Feminization tendency of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the western Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Fig. 5. Relationship between temperature and sex ratio. The red dotted line denotes the pivotal temperature according to the TSD software and calibrated with histology of gonads from dead Hawksbill hatchlings.
Fig. 3 in Feminization tendency of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the western Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Fig. 3. Hatching success of Eretmochelys imbricata on the beaches of Chenkan, Punta Xen, and Celestún, Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico).
Fig. 2 in Feminization tendency of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the western Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Fig. 2. (a) Incubation temperatures of Eretmochelys imbricata, during the TSP, on the beaches of Chenkan, Punta Xen, and Celestún, during two incubation periods (June–July and August–September). The dotted line indicates the pivotal temperature. (b) Percentages of females in the monitored nests on the nesting beaches of the western Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico). The red asterisks show where the differences were significant (p <0.05) among nests, by beach.
Fig. 1 in Feminization tendency of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the western Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Fig. 1. Geographical locations of the monitored nests of Eretmochelys imbricata, as well as the beaches studied and their images. 1) Celestún, 2) Punta Xen, and 3) Chenkan.
Fig. 4 in Feminization tendency of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the western Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico
Fig. 4. Representative histology sections of gonads from dead Hawksbill hatchlings in the monitored nests. (a) Testis (100 µm), (b) Ovary (100 µm), (c) Testis (20 µm), (d) Müllerian ducts of male (20 µm), (e) Ovary (20 µm), (f) Müllerian ducts of female (20 µm). The dotted areas in (a) and (b) indicate the sites of the higher magnifications shown in (c) and (e), where the dotted line indicates the cortex, M indicates the medulla region, and C indicates the cortex region.
Non-random mating within an island rookery of Hawaiian hawksbill turtles: demographic discontinuity at a small coastline scale
<p>Hawksbill sea turtles (<em>Eretmochelys</em> <em>imbricata</em>) from the Hawaiian archipelago form a small and genetically isolated population, consisting of only a few tens of individuals breeding annually. Most females nest on the island of Hawai'i, but little is known about the demographics of this rookery. This study used genetic relatedness, inferred from 135 microhaplotype markers, to determine breeding sex-ratios, estimate female nesting frequency, and assess relationships between individuals nesting on different beaches. Samples were collected during the 2017 nesting season and final data included 13 nesting females and 1,002 unhatched embryos, salvaged from 41 nests, of which 13 had no observed mother. Results show that most females used a single nesting beach laying 1–5 nests each. From female and offspring alleles the paternal genotypes of 12 breeding males were reconstructed and many showed high relatedness to their mates. Pairwise relatedness of offspring revealed one instance of polygyny but otherwise suggest a 1:1 breeding-sex ratio. Relatedness analysis and spatial-autocorrelation of genotypes indicate non-random mating among complexes of nesting beaches, for both sexes, suggesting strong natal philopatry. Nesting complexes also showed unique patterns of inbreeding across loci, further indicating that Hawaiian hawksbill turtles have demographically discontinuous nesting populations on a fine spatial scale.</p>
Non-random mating within an island rookery of Hawaiian hawksbill turtles: demographic discontinuity at a small coastline scale
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Green and hawksbill sea turtle nesting in the Gulf of Guinea: A 9-year survey
<p>Sea turtles are critical components of marine ecosystems, and their conservation is important for Ocean Governance and Global Planet Health. However, there is limited knowledge of their ecology in the Gulf of Guinea. To fill this knowledge gap, this study presents the first integrative assessment of green and hawksbill turtles in the region, combining nesting area surveys over 9 years, and telemetry data, to offer insights into these population dynamics, and behaviours including nesting preferences, morphological and reproductive parameters, diving patterns and inter-nesting core-use areas. Green turtles are likely making a recovery in São Tomé, potentially driven by sustained conservation efforts. In contrast, the status of the hawksbill turtle remains less clear. There are preliminary indications of recovery, but we interpret this cautiously. Coupled with satellite tracking, this study estimated that 482 to 736 green turtles, and 135 to 217 hawksbills, nest on the beaches of São Tomé. Their movements overlap significantly with a proposed Marine Protected Area (MPA), which suggests they may be well placed for conservation if managed appropriately. However, the presence of artisanal fisheries and emerging threats, such as sand mining and unregulated tourism, highlight the urgent need for robust management strategies that align global conservation objectives with local socioeconomic realities. This study significantly enhances our understanding of the ecology and conservation needs of the green and hawksbill turtles in the Gulf of Guinea. The insights gleaned here can contribute to the development of tailored conservation strategies that benefit these populations and the ecosystem services upon which they depend.</p>
Accelerometer, gyroscope and pressure data associated with behaviors of free-ranging hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata)
<p> </p> <p> </p> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>In this paper, we explored the use of transfer learning across species and taxa, employing fully convolutional neural networks to predict the behaviors of critically endangered hawksbill sea turtles from acceleration data. For this purpose, fully convolutional neural networks (V-net and U-net) were pre-trained on a dataset of green turtles (Zenodo link) and human data (Intensive Care Unit (ICU) HAR dataset, <a href="https://doi.org/10.24432/C54S4K" target="_new" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.24432/C54S4K</a>) before being fine-tuned on the hawksbill dataset. The results reveal a 8% and 4% improvement in F1-score with transfer learning from the green turtle and human datasets, respectively, compared to training the models from random weight initialization (without transfer learning). </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p> <p>The dataset comprised the raw acceleration, gyroscope and depth sequence of 6 free-ranging hawksbill sea turtles associated with the behaviors. The indiviuals were equipped with a on-board video recorder combined with an accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer and luminosity, temperature and depth sensors using four suction cups and an automatic release system over a two-day periods (see Jeantet et al. 2020 for details and the associated article). The accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer recorded at 20 Hz and the pressure, temperature and luminosity sensors at 1 Hz. The cameras were programmed to record until nightfall (6 pm) and resume at daybreak (6 am). The magnetometer, luminosity and temperature data are provided but not used in the associated study. </p> <p> </p> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>For each individual, the data collected by the devices was correlated with observed behaviors from video recordings. Unlabeled sequences, mostly comprising night recordings, were excluded, resulting in the creation of one file per day of deployment for each individual. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>To process the depth data and increase the sampling rate to 20 Hz, we used a linear interpolation technique. We called this new variable "Pressure_corr". Additionally, we calculated the pressure difference ("Pressure_diff") between each measuring point (originally at 1 Hz).</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p> </p> <p>"In total, 69.7 hours of multi-sensor sequences were labelled from six different hawksbill turtles (approximately 11.6 hours of recording per individual, max = 17.8 hours, min = 6.3 hours, standard deviation = 3.6 hours). The predominant behavior observed in the videos was <em>Feeding</em>, totaling over 38.6 hours, followed by <em>Resting</em> and <em>Swimming</em>, with 19.1 hours and 7.9 hours, respectively. The other behaviors were expressed in minority (<em>Breathing</em>: 2.2 hours, <em>Gliding</em>: 1 hour, <em>Scratching</em>: 0.8 hour and <em>Other</em>: 0.1 hour). " </p> <p> </p> <p>The folder contains 10 Python matrices, each with 15 columns (AccX, AccY, AccZ, GyrX, GyrY, GyrZ, MagX, MagY, MagZ, Depth, Light, Temperature, Pressure_corr, Pressur_diff, Behavior) and a number of rows corresponding to the deployment duration. The title of each file indicates the camera number used (CC-09-XX) and the deployment day (DD-MM-YYYY), with the last digit specifying whether the matrix corresponds to the first or second day of deployment.</p> <p> </p> <p>The folder also contains two dictionaries (behInd_to_behName, behName_to_behInd) that specify the behaviors associated with each number used as a label in the Behavior column. Additionally, there is a dictionary (dico_info) that provides the names of the matrix columns and the frequence of recording.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
A seven-year record of fluctuating core body temperatures of nesting leatherback and hawksbill sea turtles
<p>Sea turtles experience considerable changes in water temperatures during migrations and seasonal movements that will influence their body temperatures. Nothing is known of how sea turtles' core body temperatures vary from season to season at nesting sites. Over seven consecutive seasons we measured the surface temperatures of freshly laid eggs as proxies of core body temperatures of sea turtles using non-contact infrared thermometers. We estimated the temperatures of two species that have contrasting migration patterns - leatherbacks, which are adapted to migrate between tropical breeding sites to cold temperate waters, and hawksbills that are confined to the tropics and sub-tropics. We found considerable year-to-year variations in temperatures in both species (means ranging from 30.4°C to 31.5°C in leatherbacks), hawksbills the more so (28.1°C to 30.3°C). These differences will likely be modified by both natural seasonal variations and anthropogenic changes in global ocean temperatures and resulting changes in currents and water temperatures local to nesting beaches. These previously unrecognised fluctuations in body temperatures of nesting turtles have, it is argued, potential for predicting environmental tolerances, reproductive success, and nest site selection by sea turtles, and contribute to predictions of which rookeries may remain viable or not during future ocean warming.</p>
A seven-year record of fluctuating core body temperatures of nesting leatherback and hawksbill sea turtles
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Green and hawksbill sea turtle nesting in the Gulf of Guinea: A 9-year survey
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Data from: Assessing the impacts of satellite tagging on growth rates of immature hawksbill turtles
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Data from: Genetic variation, multiple paternity and measures of reproductive success in the critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
The Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico contains some of the largest breeding groups of the globally distributed and critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). An improved understanding of the breeding system of this species and how its genetic variation is structured among nesting areas is required before the threats to its survival can be properly evaluated. Here, we genotype 1195 hatchlings and 41 nesting females at 12 microsatellite loci to assess levels of multiple paternity, genetic variation and whether individual levels of homozygosity are associated with reproductive success. Of the 50 clutches analyzed, only 6% have multiple paternity. The distribution of pairwise relatedness among nesting localities (rookeries) was not random with elevated within-rookery relatedness, and declining relatedness with geographic distance indicating some natal philopatry. Although there was no strong evidence that particular rookeries had lost allelic variation via drift, younger turtles had significantly lower levels of genetic variation than older turtles, suggesting some loss of genetic variation. At present there is no indication that levels of genetic variation are associated with measures of reproductive success such as clutch size, hatching success, and frequency of infertile eggs.
Data from: Reconstructing paternal genotypes to infer patterns of sperm storage and sexual selection in the hawksbill turtle
Postcopulatory sperm storage can serve a range of functions, including ensuring fertility, allowing delayed fertilization and facilitating sexual selection. Sperm storage is likely to be particularly important in wide-ranging animals with low population densities, but its prevalence and importance in such taxa, and its role in promoting sexual selection, are poorly known. Here, we use a powerful microsatellite array and paternal genotype reconstruction to assess the prevalence of sperm storage and test sexual selection hypotheses of genetic biases to paternity in one such species, the critically endangered hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata. In the majority of females (90.7%, N = 43), all offspring were sired by a single male. In the few cases of multiple paternity (9.3%), two males fertilized each female. Importantly, the identity and proportional fertilization success of males were consistent across all sequential nests laid by individual females over the breeding season (up to five nests over 75 days). No males were identified as having fertilized more than one female, suggesting that a large number of males are available to females. No evidence for biases to paternity based on heterozygosity or relatedness was found. These results indicate that female hawksbill turtles are predominantly monogamous within a season, store sperm for the duration of the nesting season and do not re-mate between nests. Furthermore, females do not appear to be using sperm storage to facilitate sexual selection. Consequently, the primary value of storing sperm in marine turtles may be to uncouple mating and fertilization in time and avoid costly re-mating.
Data from: High rates of growth recorded for hawksbill sea turtles in Anegada, British Virgin Islands
Management of species of conservation concern requires knowledge of demographic parameters, such as rates of recruitment, survival, and growth. In the Caribbean, hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) have been historically exploited in huge numbers to satisfy trade in their shells and meat. In the present study, we estimated growth rate of juvenile hawksbill turtles around Anegada, British Virgin Islands, using capture–mark–recapture of 59 turtles over periods of up to 649 days. Turtles were recaptured up to six times, having moved up to 5.9 km from the release location. Across all sizes, turtles grew at an average rate of 9.3 cm year−1 (range 2.3–20.3 cm year−1), and gained mass at an average of 3.9 kg year−1 (range 850 g–16.1 kg year−1). Carapace length was a significant predictor of growth rate and mass gain, but there was no relationship between either variable and sea surface temperature. These are among the fastest rates of growth reported for this species, with seven turtles growing at a rate that would increase their body size by more than half per year (51–69% increase in body length). This study also demonstrates the importance of shallow water reef systems for the developmental habitat for juvenile hawksbill turtles. Although growth rates for posthatching turtles in the pelagic, and turtles larger than 61 cm, are not known for this population, the implications of this study are that Caribbean hawksbill turtles in some areas may reach body sizes suggesting sexual maturity in less time than previously considered.
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