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379 results for “helminth”
A droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assay to detect rare helminth parasites infecting natural host populations (Vancouver Island 2023, University of Wisconsin Madison Laboratory colony 2024)
Helminth infections represent a significant challenge to human, livestock, and wildlife health, yet they remain relatively under-studied, especially in terms of their ecological impacts. Better understanding of how these parasites spread in wildlife populations could improve our ability to predict and manage disease transmission across various species. Traditional detection methods, such as visually identifying parasites in environmental samples or infected hosts, often fall short, especially during the early stages of infection when parasite loads are minimal. In this study, we introduce a highly sensitive and precise droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay that quantifies helminth DNA in aquatic habitats, focusing on the 18S rRNA gene as a marker. These data utilize the model host-parasite system between the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus, and its cyclopoid copepod host, Acanthocyclops robustus. The molecular assays are built around creating an infection standard in the lab, where copepods were singly infected with a single tapeworm parasite. We extracted DNA from 100 infected adults and used this as a standard to translate gene copy numbers from the ddPCR reactions to actual animal values. After creating a known lab standard, we then use the generated probes and primers to detect (and quantify!) infection burdens in field samples, which include both water filter samples (eDNA) and zooplankton tows from several lakes around Vancouver Island, B.C. The data presented here include well-specific data from ddPCR runs (amplitude of individual level oil droplets in the reaction) as well as each ddPCR analysis in its entirety. In order to prove the specificity of probes and probe-primers, we include here ddPCR runs of closely related helminth species, Schistocephalus cotti and Schistocephalus pungitii. We also consider the binding to another genera of copepod, the calanoid Eurytomora. All of the data wrangling, analysis, and data visualization are included as .Rmd files in th
Helminths, polyparasitism, and the gut microbiome in the Philippines
<p>Uploaded here are the raw FASTA files associated with this publication. Labelled P1-10, and 11-220.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/e3103a63-45d0-4b24-9786-d4f3a0f6534b/OTU%20tables%2C%20annotations%20and%20code%20book.zip">OTU tables, annotations and code book.zip</a> Annotations and OTU files for International Journal of Parasitology paper "Helminths, Polyparasitism, and the Gut Microbiome in the Philippines". Data set from human helminth infections from Palapag, the Philippines. Code book contains information on headings for the annotation file. OTUs generated by AGRF. Originally uploaded here; (<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/59j46prhvf.1">https://doi.org/10.17632/59j46prhvf.1</a>) </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Figure 1 in Helminth fauna of the invasive American red-eared slider Trachemys scripta in eastern Spain: potential implications for the conservation of native terrapins
Figure 1. Sampling localities of the American red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta in eastern Spain. (A) Protected wetland 'Marjal de Peñíscola'; (B) 'Cabanes-Torreblanca' Natural Park; (C) Protected Landscape 'Desembocadura del Mijares'; (D) Protected wetland 'Marjal de Gandía'; (E) Site of Community Importance 'Marjal de La Safor'.
Fig. 1 in Helminth Fauna In Carnivoran Mammals From Uzbekistan
Fig. 1. Map showing investigated regions in Uzbekistan. 1— Northeast (Tashkent, Syrdaryn, Jizzakh regions); 2 — East (Fergana, Andijan, Namangan regions); 3 — Central (Samarkand, Bukhara, Navoi regions), 4 — Southern (Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya regions); 5 — North-Western (Khorezm region).
Fig. 2 in Helminth Fauna In Carnivoran Mammals From Uzbekistan
Fig. 2. Carnivorans of Uzbekistan and some of their helminths: a — Vulpes vulpes; b — Canis familiaris; c — C. aureus; d — Felis lybica; e — F. catus; g — F. chaus; 1 — Dioctophyma renale; 2 — Taenia hydatigena; 3 — Dirofilaria immits; 4 — Toxocara canis.
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of anthelmintic resistance in soil-transmitted helminths
<p>Anthelmintic resistance (AR) of helminth parasites against the most widely available drugs is an ongoing concern for both human and livestock-infecting species. Indeed, there has been substantial evidence of AR in livestock but less in humans, which may be due to a variety of reasons. In this paper, we develop an eco-evolutionary model that couples the life cycle of these parasites with their underlying evolution in a single biallelic genetic locus that confers resistance to treatment drugs. We determine the critical treatment frequency needed to effectively eliminate the population, for a fixed drug efficacy (without evolution) and use this to classify three qualitative distinct behaviors of the eco-evolutionary model. Then, we describe how aspects of the life cycle influence which qualitative outcome is achieved and the spread of the resistance allele, comparing across human- and livestock- infecting species. For all but one species, we find that lower fecundity rates and lower contact rates speed the spread of resistance, while lower larval death slows it down. The life cycle parameters of <em>Ancylostoma duodenale</em> and <em>Ostertagia circumcincta</em> are associated with the fastest and slowest spread of resistance, respectively. We discuss the mechanistic reason for these results.</p>
Effects of food supplementation and helminth removal on space use and spatial overlap in wild bank vole populations
<p>Animal space use and spatial overlap can have important consequences for population-level processes such as social interactions and pathogen transmission. Identifying how environmental variability and inter-individual variation affect spatial patterns and in turn influence interactions in animal populations is a priority for the study of animal behavior and disease ecology. Environmental food availability and macroparasite infection are common drivers of variation, but there are few experimental studies investigating how they affect spatial patterns of wildlife. Bank voles (<em>Clethrionomys glareolus</em>) are a tractable study system to investigate spatial patterns of wildlife and are amenable to experimental manipulations. We conducted a replicated, factorial field experiment in which we provided supplementary food and removed helminths in vole populations in natural forest habitats and monitored vole space use and spatial overlap using capture-mark-recapture methods. Using network analysis, we quantified vole space use and spatial overlap. We compared the effects of food supplementation and helminth removal and investigated the impact of season, sex, and reproductive status on space use and spatial overlap. We found that food supplementation decreased vole space use while helminth removal increased space use. Space use also varied by sex, reproductive status, and season. Spatial overlap was similar between treatments despite up to three-fold differences in population size. By quantifying the spatial effects of food availability and macroparasite infection on wildlife populations, we demonstrate the potential for space use and population density to trade off and maintain consistent spatial overlap in wildlife populations. This has important implications for spatial processes in wildlife including pathogen transmission.</p>
Fig. 2 in Wintering Rooks, Corvus Frugilegus (Aves, Corvidae), And Their Helminths In Poltava And Kyiv, Ukraine
Fig. 2. Two-dimensional view of nMDS distribution of helminth infracommunities of Corvus frugilegus from two localities.
Fig. 3 in Wintering Rooks, Corvus Frugilegus (Aves, Corvidae), And Their Helminths In Poltava And Kyiv, Ukraine
Fig. 3. Prevalence (A, B) and relative abundance (C, D) of helminths in the samples collected from wintering rooks, Corvus frugilegus in Poltava (A, C) and Kyiv (B, D).
Fig. 1 in Wintering Rooks, Corvus Frugilegus (Aves, Corvidae), And Their Helminths In Poltava And Kyiv, Ukraine
Fig. 1. Males of Microtetrameres helix Cram, 1927 subspecies: A — Microtetrameres helix helix; B — Microtetrameres helix asiaticus.
Fig. 3 in Helminth communities of two populations of Myotis chiloensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Argentinean Patagonia
Fig. 3. Intestinal location of the endoparasites of Myotis chiloensis, represented by the number of helminths found infecting each intestinal region from the bats from a. Manso, b. Luis Ruiz.
Fig. 2 in Helminth communities of two populations of Myotis chiloensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Argentinean Patagonia
Fig. 2. Endoparasites of Myotis chiloensis. a. Ochoterenatrema sp. (ventral view), b. Paralecithodendrium sp. (ventral view), c. Parabascus limatulus (ventral view), d. Parabascus sp. (dorsal view), e. Postorchigenes cf. joannae (dorsal view), f. Vampirolepis sp. 1 (scolex), g. Vampirolepis sp. 2 (scolex), h. Allintoshius baudi (male's bursa), i. Physocephalus sp. (encysted larvae), j. Physaloptera sp. (anterior region). Scale bar = 100 μm.
Fig. 4 in Helminth communities from amphibians inhabiting agroecosystems in the Pampean Region (Argentina)
Fig. 4. Helminth prevalence (A), abundance (B) and richness (C) at infracommunity level, in relation to land use and host species. B. pulchella (Bp), L. latrans (Ll), R. fernandezae (Rf).
Fig. 1 in Review Of The Helminths Parasitic In Rare Aquatic Birds In Ukraine
Fig. 1. Localities of the material collection: — based on collection and literature; — based on collection; — based on literature.
Fig. 1 in New Records Of Helminths Of The Corncrake, Crex Crex (Aves, Rallidae) From Ukraine
Fig. 1. General view of the trematodes found in the corncrake in Ukraine: Brachylaima fuscata (A), Prosthogonimus ovatus (B), Prosthogonimus cuneatus (C). Scale bars 500 µm.
Fig. 2. Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi. A in New Records Of Helminths Of The Corncrake, Crex Crex (Aves, Rallidae) From Ukraine
Fig. 2. Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi. A — anterior part of body, lateral view; B — apical view of anterior extremity, optical section at level of cuticular ring; C — posterior part of body, lateral view; D — position of apical structures (papillae and amphids), en face view. Scale bars 50 µm.
Fig. 4 in Helminth Diversity In Teleost Fishes From The Area Of The Ukrainian Antarctic Station "Akademik Vernadsky", Argentine Islands, West Antarctica
Fig. 4. Cluster analysis of the similarity between the helminth communities in five teleost fish species off the area of the UAS "Akademik Vernadsky", Argentine Islands, and West Antarctica.
Fig. 3 in Helminth Diversity In Teleost Fishes From The Area Of The Ukrainian Antarctic Station "Akademik Vernadsky", Argentine Islands, West Antarctica
Fig. 3. Proportion (in %) of helminth species parasitize five Antarctic teleost fishes off the area of the UAS "Akademik Vernadsky" on larval and adult stages.
Fig. 2 in Helminth Diversity In Teleost Fishes From The Area Of The Ukrainian Antarctic Station "Akademik Vernadsky", Argentine Islands, West Antarctica
Fig. 2. Intensity of teleost fish infection off the area of the UAS "Akademik Vernadsky" by five parasite taxa (proportion of different parasite taxa is in %).
Fig. 1 in Helminth Diversity In Teleost Fishes From The Area Of The Ukrainian Antarctic Station "Akademik Vernadsky", Argentine Islands, West Antarctica
Fig. 1. Proportion (%) of five parasite taxa found in teleost fish off the area of the UAS "Akademik Vernadsky", Argentine Islands, West Antarctica.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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