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3,329 results for “heterogeneity”
Spatial heterogeneity of within-stream methane concentrations North Temperate Lakes LTER, 2014
Streams, rivers, and other freshwater features may be significant sources of CH4 to the atmosphere. However, high spatial and temporal variabilities hinder our ability to understand the underlying processes of CH4 production and delivery to streams and also challenge the use of scaling approaches across large areas. We studied a stream having high geomorphic variability to assess the underlying scale of CH4 spatial variability and to examine whether the physical structure of a stream can explain the variation in surface CH4. A combination of high-resolution CH4 mapping, a survey of groundwater CH4 concentrations, quantitative analysis of methanogen DNA, and sediment CH4 production potentials illustrates the spatial and geomorphic controls on CH4 emissions to the atmosphere.
PRP02 Plant diversity, richness, and plant species cover in konza prairie restoration heterogeneity plots, since 1998
The experiment is a randomized complete block design with four whole plot hetereogeneity treatments replicated within each of four blocks (n=16 whole plots). The whole plot treatments were created using different combinations of soil depth and nutrient manipulations. The control plots contained no depth or nutrient manipulations. The maximum hetereogeneity plots contained three 2 m x 8 m vertical strips assigned to ambient, enriched and reduced N treatments and four 2 m x 6 m horizontal strips assigned to deep and shallow soil to result in six treatment combinations. The maximum heterogeneity plots are a split-block design. Every plot contained 12 subplots (2 m x 2 m) for sampling. Prior to sowing, all of the plots were excavatedto a depth of approximately 25 cm. Natural limestone slabs were laid in strips assigned to the shallow soil treatment. The soil from all plots was then replaced, leveled, and disked (2-3 cm deep). In February 1998, we incorporated sawdust (49% C; C:N ratio=122) into the strips assigned to the reduced-N treatment. The average C concentration and bulk density in the surface 15 cm following long-term cultivation was 1.5% and 1.2 g cm-3, respectively. Sawdust was tilled into the soil at a rate of 5.5 kg dry wt./m2 to achieve a C concentration representative of native prairie soil (approx. 3% C). Surface applications of granular sugar were initiated in 2004 at a rate of 200 g sucrose m-2 (84.22 g C/m2) 3-4 times each growing season. Strips assigned to the enriched-N treatment were fertilized with 5 g N m2/y (applied as ammonium-nitrate) in July of the first growing season and early June of each subsequent years.
Data package supporting manuscript "Widespread Heterogeneity in Density-Dependent Mortality of Nearshore Fishes"
This repository contains the complete data synthesis and analysis pipeline for a global meta-analysis on density-dependent mortality in reef fishes. We estimated mortality parameters (α and β) from >30 ecological studies and explored how ecological traits, experimental methods, and phylogenetic history explain variation in density dependence. It comprises eight data tables in csv format, three .tre files for phylogenetic trees (see method document for data sources), and the zipped code folder (including 12 R scripts) to ensure transparent, end-to-end reproducibility of data processing, analysis, and visualization. This package supports the manuscript “Widespread Heterogeneity in Density-Dependent Mortality of Nearshore Fishes” by Stier & Osenberg (Ecology Letters).
Data belonging to: Teurlincx, S., Verhofstad, M. J., Bakker, E. S., & Declerck, S. A. (2018). Managing successional stage heterogeneity to maximize landscape-wide biodiversity of aquatic vegetation in ditch networks. Frontiers in plant science, 9, 1013.
<p>Data belonging to the paper Teurlincx, S., Verhofstad, M. J., Bakker, E. S., & Declerck, S. A. (2018). Managing successional stage heterogeneity to maximize landscape-wide biodiversity of aquatic vegetation in ditch networks. Frontiers in plant science, 9, 1013.</p> <p>Data includes analysis scripts (R Language) and all used data files. Data is composed of location information of the different sites, environmental conditions on site and vegetation composition.</p>
Ligand binding remodels protein side chain conformational heterogeneity
<p>While protein conformational heterogeneity plays an important role in many aspects of biological function, including ligand binding, its impact has been difficult to quantify. Macromolecular X-ray diffraction is commonly interpreted with a static structure, but it can provide information on both the anharmonic and harmonic contributions to conformational heterogeneity. Here, through multiconformer modeling of time- and space-averaged electron density, we measure conformational heterogeneity of 743 stringently matched pairs of crystallographic datasets that reflect unbound/apo and ligand-bound/holo states. When comparing the conformational heterogeneity of side chains, we observe that when binding site residues become more rigid upon ligand binding, distant residues tend to become more flexible, especially in non-solvent exposed regions. Among ligand properties, we observe increased protein flexibility as the number of hydrogen bonds decrease and relative hydrophobicity increases. Across a series of 13 inhibitor bound structures of CDK2, we find that conformational heterogeneity is correlated with inhibitor features and identify how conformational changes propagate differences in conformational heterogeneity away from the binding site. Collectively, our findings agree with models emerging from NMR studies suggesting that residual side chain entropy can modulate affinity and point to the need to integrate both static conformational changes and conformational heterogeneity in models of ligand binding.</p>
Assessing the environmental benefit of palladium-based single-atom heterogeneous catalysts for Sonogashira coupling
<p>Dataset supporting the article "Assessing the environmental benefit of palladium-based single-atom heterogeneous catalysts for Sonogashira coupling" by D. Faust Akl, D. Poier, S. C. D’Angelo, T. P. Araújo, V. Tulus, O. V. Safonova, S. Mitchell, R. Marti, G. Guillén-Gosálbez, and J. Pérez-Ramírez<em>.</em></p>
Mapping mineralogical heterogeneities at the nm-scale by scanning electron microscopy in modern Sardinian stromatolites: Deciphering the origin of their laminations
<p>These are the raw or processed data used for a paper published in Chemical Geology by Debrie et al. (2022), entitled "Mapping mineralogical heterogeneities at the nm-scale by scanning electron microscopy in modern Sardinian stromatolites: Deciphering the origin of their laminations", <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121059">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121059</a></p> <p>The data content is summarized in the List_description_of_data.xlsx file</p>
Testing absolute plate reference frames and the implications for the generation of geodynamic mantle heterogeneity structure
<div>Description of Resources - Shephard et al. (2012)</div> <div> </div> <div>This file provides a detailed description of all of the files that make up the data collection associated with the publication: Shephard, G. E., Bunge, H. P., Schuberth, B. S., Müller, R. D., Talsma, A. S., Moder, C., & Landgrebe, T. C. W. (2012). Testing absolute plate reference frames and the implications for the generation of geodynamic mantle heterogeneity structure. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 317, 204-217. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.027" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.027</a></div> <div> </div> <div>Note: For information on file formats and what programs to use to interact with various file formats, see "File Formats and Recommended Programs”.</div> <div> </div> <div>This data collection includes both the rotations and topologically closed polygons* for each of the 5 absolute reference frames that were tested in the publication. They are to be loaded in GPlates (<a href="http://www.gplates.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.gplates.org</a>).</div> <div> </div> <div>*Topologically closed plate polygons are constructed from the intersection of ridges, transforms, subduction zones and other plate boundary geometries. These 'resolved topologies' are valid at 1 Myr intervals. The plate boundary geometries and plate polygons have been assigned plate reconstruction IDs to allow them to be reconstructed using the supplied rotation files. </div> <div> </div> <div>The files associated with this data collection include:</div> <div>• <strong>Hybrid hotspot model (Moving and Fixed hotspots) (HHS)</strong></div> <div>* Caltech_Global_20110311HHS.gpml (37 MB) - topologically closed plate polygons and plate boundary geometries</div> <div>* Caltech_Global_20110412HHS.rot (287 KB)- global rotation model</div> <div> </div> <div>• <strong>Fixed hotspot model (FHS)</strong></div> <div>* Caltech_Global_20110311FHS.gpml (36.8 MB) - topologically closed plate polygons and plate boundary geometries</div> <div>* Caltech_Global_20110412FHS.rot (291 KB) - global rotation model</div> <div> </div> <div>•<strong> Hybrid hotspot and palaeomagnetic model (PMG)</strong></div> <div>* Caltech_Global_20110311PMG.gpml (35.9 MB) - topologically closed plate polygons and plate boundary geometries</div> <div>* Caltech_Global_20110412PMG.rot (287 KB) - global rotation model</div> <div> </div> <div>• <strong>Subduction reference frame model (SUB)</strong></div> <div>* Caltech_Global_20110311SUB.gpml (36 MB) - topologically closed plate polygons and plate boundary geometries</div> <div>* Caltech_Global_20110412SUB.rot (287 KB) - global rotation model</div> <div> </div> <div>• <strong>Hybrid hotspot and TPW-corrected palaeomagnetic model (TPW)</strong></div> <div>* Caltech_Global_20110311TPW.gpml (36.8 MB) - topologically closed plate polygons and plate boundary geometries</div> <div>* Caltech_Global_20110412TPW.rot (287 KB)- global rotation model</div> <div> </div> <div>Project files (.gproj) are included for each .gpml/.rot pair.</div> <div> </div> <div>This article has additional supplementary data available with the online publication.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>Additional notes:</div> <div>*.rot contains the rotations for all plates and topological polygons.</div> <div>Each model is specific according to the African Plate (Plate ID 701) rotations. The rotations for all other plates are the same across each of the five models with the exception of cross-overs involving Pacific/Panthalassa plates for times earlier than 83.5Ma; these must be absolute reference frame specific and were re-calculated for each model. Programs used to calculate the new finite rotations include "adder" and "seaflow" </div> <div> </div> <div>*.gpml and .shp files contain continuously closing plate polygons i.e. from plate boundaries, from 140 Ma to present-day in 1 million year increments. </div> <div>These files differ slightly from those used in the paper, but are the most up-to-date version (as at May 2011) and are based on an updated model, Seton et al. (2012).</div> <div>They are specific to each of the five absolute reference frames. </div> <div> </div> <div>Note on velocity calculations in GPlates:</div> <div>GPlates calculates the velocity within each plate based on the stage rotation for that time period and averages for that respective period. For this reason, the velocities of a plate do not change incrementally within the time period and then abruptly change according to the next time period/stage rotation. </div> <div>This is also why there appears to be a "jump" in velocity magnitude and direction between 140 and 139 Ma.</div>
Comparative profiling of skeletal muscle models reveals heterogeneity of transcriptome and metabolism
<p>This dataset is a complement to the following publication: Ahmed M. Abdelmoez, Laura Sardón Puig, Jonathon AB. Smith, Brendan M. Gabriel, Mladen Savikj, Lucile Dollet, Alexander V. Chibalin, Anna Krook, Juleen R. Zierath, and Nicolas J. Pillon. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00540.2019">Comparative profiling of skeletal muscle models reveals heterogeneity of transcriptome and metabolism. </a>Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2019 Dec 11.</p> <p>METHODS: Publicly available data from myotubes and skeletal muscle tissues were selected from the GEO database. Raw files were downloaded and robust multi array (RMA) normalization was performed in unison for all samples from the same platform. For each human ENSEMBL, the rat and mouse orthologs were found using the R package BioMart and the arrays were merged based on the human ENSEMBL annotation. The database was then aggregated according to the official human gene symbol. When multiple ENSEMBL were found for a single gene symbol, an average was calculated.</p>
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in human mobility patterns in Holocene Southwest Asia and the East Mediterranean
<p>Koptekin et al. (2022) "<strong><em>Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in human mobility patterns in Holocene Southwest Asia and the East Mediterranean</em></strong>", Current Biology <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.034">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.034</a></p>
Spectral decompositions dataset for the paper "Random walk informed heterogeneities detection reveals how the lymph node conduits network influences T-cells collective exploration behavior"
<p>This file contains the left and right approximated eigenvectors, as well as the approximated eigenvalues of the networks analyzed in the paper : Random walk informed heterogeneities detection reveals how<br> the lymph node conduits network influences T-cells collective<br> exploration behavior</p>
Python code for "Evolutionary epidemiology consequences of trait-dependent control of heterogeneous parasites"
<p>The file contains the Python code used to run the agent-based simulation of the selection-mutation model presented in "Evolutionary epidemiology consequences of trait-dependent control of heterogeneous parasites"</p>
Dataset for Precursor Nuclearity and Ligand Effects in Atomically-Dispersed Heterogeneous Iron Catalysts for Alkyne Semi-Hydrogenation
<p>This dataset complements the publication entitled "Precursor Nuclearity and Ligand Effects in Atomically-Dispersed Heterogeneous Iron Catalysts for Alkyne Semi-Hydrogenation" by Dario Faust Akl, Andrea Ruiz-Ferrando, Dr. Edvin Fako, Dr. Roland Hauert, Dr. Olga Safonova, Dr. Sharon Mitchell, Prof. Núria López, Prof. Javier Pérez-Ramírez. Please refer to the Readme.txt file for information about the file structure and content.<br> </p>
Data from: Heterogeneity in habitat and nutrient availability facilitate the co-occurrence of N2 fixation and denitrification across wetland - stream - lake ecotones of Lakes Superior and Huron
Great Lakes coastlines are mosaics of wetland, stream, and lake habitats, characterized by a high degree of spatial heterogeneity that may facilitate the co-occurrence of seemingly incompatible biogeochemical processes due to variation in environmental factors that favor each process. We measured nutrient limitation and rates of N2 fixation and denitrification along transects in 5 wetland - stream - lake ecotones with different nutrient loading in Lakes Superior and Huron and hypothesized that rates of both processes would be related to nutrient limitation status, habitat type, and environmental characteristics including temperature, nutrient concentrations, and organic matter quality. This data package includes information on sampling sites, dates and locations; rates of N fixation and denitrification measured at each site, date and transect location; and biomass information from nutrient diffusing substrates deployed on the study transects.
HRE01 Environmental heterogeneity restoration experiment at Konza Prairie
We manipulated key resources that influence plant diversity in tallgrass prairie (i.e., soil depth and nitrogen availability) to increase environmental heterogeneity prior to sowing native prairie species into a former agricultural field. We compared variability in nutrient availability, aboveground annual net primary productivity (ANPP), and the composition of species between replicate plots containing soil heterogeneity manipulations and plots with no resource manipulations (n = 4 per treatment) during the first 15 yr of community assembly as a test of the “environmental heterogeneity hypothesis.”
CBM01 Plains bison movement patterns in an experimental heterogeneous landscape at Konza Prairie
This GPS-collar data set was used to evaluate the factors that influence where bison choose to graze and how grazing and space use patterns affect ecosystem function and structure. Our objectives were to quantify space use and movement patterns of adult female Plains bison in the context of selection for specific prescribed burn frequencies and topographical features in the bison-grazed watersheds at Konza Prairie. We hypothesized bison would track post-prescribed burn forage productivity and we predicted watersheds burned for the first time in several years would be used to a greater extent than watersheds burned more frequently.
Long-term live imaging and multiscale analysis identify heterogeneity and core principles of epithelial organoid morphogenesis - Image data
<p>The dataset contains raw imaging data from the work:</p> <p>"Long-term live imaging and multiscale analysis identify heterogeneity and core principles of epithelial organoid morphogenesis"</p> <p>The dataset is organized as the following: the "FigureX_" or SupplementaryFigure_X" suffix in the filename refers to the figure in the paper in which the raw data is analyzed and/or visualized. The data is "raw", i.e. not processed. However, in many cases, maximum projections of the original 3D image stacks have been uploaded due to size limitations. The total size of the image stacks approaches 0.5TB. To access the full 3D image stacks please contact the corresponding author (Francesco Pampaloni, fpampalo@bio.uni-frankfurt.de).</p> <p><strong>Authors</strong></p> <p>Lotta Hof<sup>1</sup>*, Till Moreth<sup>1</sup>*, Michael Koch<sup>1</sup>, Tim Liebisch<sup>2</sup>, Marina Kurtz<sup>3</sup>, Julia Tarnick<sup>4</sup>, Susanna M. Lissek<sup>5</sup>, Monique M.A. Verstegen<sup>6</sup>, Luc J.W. van der Laan<sup>6</sup>, Meritxell Huch<sup>7</sup>, Franziska Matthäus<sup>2</sup>, Ernst H.K. Stelzer<sup>1</sup>, Francesco Pampaloni<sup>1§</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup>Physical Biology Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany</p> <p><sup>2</sup>Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany</p> <p><sup>3</sup>Department of Physics, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany</p> <p><sup>4</sup>Deanery of Biomedical Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom</p> <p><sup>5</sup>Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany</p> <p><sup>6</sup>Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC – University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</p> <p><sup>7</sup>The Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Present address: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany</p> <p>*contributed equally</p> <p><sup>§</sup>corresponding author: fpampalo@bio.uni-frankfurt.de</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><em>Background</em></p> <p>Organoids are morphologically heterogeneous three-dimensional cell culture systems and serve as an ideal model for understanding the principles of collective cell behaviour in mammalian organs during development, homeostasis, regeneration and pathogenesis. To investigate the underlying cell organisation principles of organoids, we imaged hundreds of pancreas and cholangio carcinoma organoids in parallel using light sheet and bright field microscopy for up to seven days.</p> <p><em>Results</em></p> <p>We quantified organoid behaviour at single-cell (microscale), individual-organoid (mesoscale), and entire-culture (macroscale) levels. At single-cell resolution, we monitored formation, monolayer polarisation and degeneration, and identified diverse behaviours, including lumen expansion and decline (size oscillation), migration, rotation and multi-organoid fusion. Detailed individual organoid quantifications lead to a mechanical 3D agent-based model. A derived scaling law and simulations support the hypotheses that size oscillations depend on organoid properties and cell division dynamics, which is confirmed by bright field microscopy analysis of entire cultures.</p> <p><em>Conclusion</em></p> <p>Our multiscale analysis provides a systematic picture of the diversity of cell organisation in organoids by identifying and quantifying the core regulatory principles of organoid morphogenesis.</p>
Exploring the critical zone heterogeneity and the hydrological diversity using an integrated ecohydrological model in three contrasted long-term observatories
<p>These files provide useful data and supplementary material associated with the publication 'Exploring the critical zone heterogeneity and the hydrological diversity using an integrated ecohydrological model in three contrasted long-term observatories' (MNT information, atmospheric forcings, R scripts used to process and draw the graphs from the EcH2O-iso simulations, and observed water discharges).</p>
Dataset from: Spatially heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology induced by climate change threaten the integrity of the avian migration network
<p>Original data and code for the study:</p> <p>Wei, J., Xu, F., Cole, E. F., Sheldon, B. C., de Boer, W. F., Wielstra, B., Fu, H., Gong, P., & Si, Y. (2024, Accepted). Spatially heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology induced by climate change threaten the integrity of the avian migration network. Global Change Biology.</p> <p>The dataset mainly contains data showing the climate change-induced heterogeneous shifts in vegetation phenology and the migration integrity change from 2000 to 2020 for 16 Asian herbivorous waterfowl species. These data were derived from the following resources available in the public domain.</p> <p>The Global Lakes and Wetlands Database is available from “https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/global-lakes-and-wetlands-database”. The global land cover datasets are available from European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) products, “https://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/download.php”. The Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data are available from “https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/terrain-monitoring-and-modeling”. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra surface reflectance product is available from “https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/dataprod/mod09.php”. The bird distribution maps are available from Birdlife International, “https://www.birdlife.org/”. The bird foraging attribute data are available from EltonTraits 1.0, “https://figshare.com”. The bird occurrence data are available from eBird Basic Dataset (EBD), “https://science.ebird.org/en/use-ebird-data/download-ebird-data-products”. The Hackett backbone phylogenetic trees are available from “https://birdtree.org/”.</p> <p>The code contains the R scripts and MATLAB scripts that we used for this study.</p> <p>For details please see the file “Readme.txt”, and the research paper.</p>
Research data supporting "Impact of global heterogeneity of renewable energy supply on heavy industrial production and green value chains"
<p>Research data supporting the peer-reviewed article "Impact of global heterogeneity of renewable energy supply on heavy industrial production and green value chains" by the same authors.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.