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172 results for “hibernation”
Data from: Predation of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) on hibernating bats
<p>In order to protect hibernating bats effectively, more knowledge about mortality factors is needed. This study proved the wood mouse (<em>Apodemus sylvaticus</em>) actively predates on bats. Fresh remains made by the wood mouse can be identified due to a typical pattern of lesions.</p> <p>This study was conducted in the province of Zuid-Holland, between the cities of Den Haag (The Hague), Leiden and the town of Wassenaar (between 52-070 and 52-090N, 4-180 and 4-210E). During a preliminary investigation with a trail camera, we were able to prove that wood mice actively searched for prey. Thereafter, remains of partially eaten bats have been collected and inspected in the laboratory. Bats which had not died of predation were excluded from the analysis. The remains that we found showed the typical pattern of lesions attributable to predation by wood mice. The skin of the victims is scraped clean. In the process of eating all the soft tissue, the skin is turned inside out, including the skin around the skull and hind legs. We found a total of 214 remains of predated bats during the 12 years. The resulting data are presented in this dataset.</p> <p> </p> <p>Files</p> <p><strong>Distance to entrance</strong></p> <p>Status: status of observation, this is a filter for fresh remains.</p> <p>Date: date of the observation of the remains. Note: observations were made each 2 weeks, not necessarily the date of death.</p> <p>Species: fresh remains of what bat species</p> <p>Location: name of hibernacula, location of observation</p> <p>N of animals: number of fresh remains</p> <p>Distance: distance to the exit (in meters)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Oak and predation</strong></p> <p>Winter: the period between September and April is defined as the winter of the year starting in January</p> <p>Predation: N of fresh remains found in one winter</p> <p>Cumulative N of bats: The cumulative population, based on the maximum population size of each site.</p> <p>Mast production of the common oak (kg): kg of acorns. We used annual data on the seed production of common oak collected by the ‘Vereniging Wildbeheer Veluwe’ in the province of Gelderland as a measure for the availability of acorns in our study area.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Predation and winter population</strong></p> <p>Winter: the period between September and April is defined as the winter of the year starting in January</p> <p>Predation: the Number of predated bats</p> <p>Max N: the maximum population size</p> <p>Location: the hibernacula</p>
Data from: Male long-distance migrant turned sedentary; The West European pond bat (Myotis dasycneme) alters their migration and hibernation behaviour
<p>Winter survey data, temperature data and mark recapture data of <em>Myotis dasycneme</em>. This study aimed to better understand the migration, mating and hibernation choices of the pond bat.</p> <p> </p> <p>The study area covered the whole of the Netherlands, Belgium and East Frisia (northwest Germany). We defined two study periods, data collected between 1930 and 1980 (Sluiter and van Heerdt) and data between 1980 and 2015 (Haarsma). All available mark and recovery data (ringing) of both the historical and recent migration research were digitized. Observations include location and date of capture, species, sex and ring number. The latest observations in the recent dataset (Haarsma) also include biometric measurements (forearm length, body mass) and information about age and reproductive status. These biometric measurements show that male pond bats are on average smaller and lighter than females (body mass (g)/ forearm length (mm) females: 18.9/47.1, males: 16.4/46.4). The dataset shows changes in the fat mass of both sexes during a year.</p> <p>This study also compares migration data with winter monitoring survey data. We selected winter roosts with three or more records of three or more pond bats in one or both of the study periods. Only data from sites with long-term data series (from the hibernacula in the Dutch provinces of Zuid-Holland, Gelderland and Limburg) were used to analyse trends and annual abundance. Our selection included 59 limestone mines in the province of Limburg and 16 WOII bunkers in Gelderland and 38 in Zuid-Holland. We divided the sites into 'core' and 'satellite' sites depending on the timing of first colonization.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Bunker limestone mine microclimate</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Radiation temperature: radiation temperature of the wall, measured with a non-contact infrared thermometer</p> <p>How many bats: the group size of each bat/ group of bats observed, categorized as alone and group.</p> <p>Where: the hanging location of the observed bat, categorized as hidden (in crevice) or free (free on ceiling or wall)</p> <p>Date: date of the observation</p> <p>Xy-coord: The coordinates of the entrance of the bunker or limestone mine. The RD (Rijks-Driehoek) system is the coordinate system used by the Dutch geographical service.</p> <p>Type: Bunker or limestone</p> <p>Location description: description of the name of the site</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Bunker monitoring core and satellite</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Date: date</p> <p>Winter: the period between September and April is defined as the winter of the year starting in January.</p> <p>Location description: description of the name of the site</p> <p>N of pond bats: total number of observed pond bats</p> <p>Province: the province</p> <p>Type: hibernacula categorized as a core or satellite site, sites occupied by pond bats since 1977 and 1997 respectively.</p> <p>XY-coord: The coordinates of the entrance of the bunker or limestone mine. The RD (Rijks-Driehoek) system is the coordinate system used by the Dutch geographical service.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Supporting information (as referenced in the published paper, hence also available with plos one)</strong></p> <p><br> <strong>S1 Fig. The range of the West European pond bat population (TIF).</strong> The shaded areas indicate the<br> areas where the bulk of the surveys were carried out.</p> <p><br> <strong>S2 Fig. The distribution of the pond bat in Europe (country boundaries are only indicative) (JPG).</strong> Within the whole range of the species distribution seven groups can be separated.<br> A The Netherlands, Belgium and Northwest Germany (~the West European population),<br> B Jutland Peninsula,<br> C Central European lakelands,<br> D The Baltic States,<br> E Ural Mountains (hibernacula),<br> F Volga Valley (summer nurseries),<br> G Hungary and Romania.<br> <br> <strong>S3 Fig. The distribution of hibernacula used by the western pond bat population (TIF). </strong>These are<br> sites with three or more records of pond bats in one or both study periods. We identified four<br> roost categories: Roosts which have been used ever since 1900 (= green squares), roosts used<br> only between 1900–1980 (= open black squares), roosts occupied after 1980 (= purple circles),<br> roosts occupied after 1997 (= blue asterisks). Detailed maps, all with the same enlargement, of<br> the clusters in the provinces of Zuid-Holland (1), Gelderland (1) and Limburg (3) are provided.<br> <br> </p> <p><strong>S1 Table. Summary of the average weight of pond bats over the study period.</strong> The weight is averaged per week. The table gives average weight of females, males both adults and juveniles.</p> <p> </p> <p>Avg weight: average weight of pond bats of each sex, in a certain week</p> <p>Sex: male of female</p> <p>Week number: number of the week</p> <p>Age: juvenile (or young of the year). Defined as the from birth until the onset of first hibernation. Subadult or sexual immature, defined as individuals with no signs of (past) reproductive activity. Adult or sexual mature, defined as all individuals with signs of (previous) reproductive activity.</p> <p>N observations: number of observations within each subset.<br> </p> <p><strong>S2 Table. Mark and recapture data from the historical dataset.</strong><br> </p> <p>Ringnumber: the label of the ring</p> <p> Sex: male or female</p> <p>capture date: date of capture</p> <p>capture location: description of capture location</p> <p>x y coordinate: The coordinates of the capture location in RD. The RD (Rijks-Driehoek) system is the coordinate system used by the Dutch geographical service.</p> <p>recapture date: date of recapture</p> <p>recapture location: description of recapture location</p> <p>x y coordinate: The coordinates of the recapture location in RD. The RD (Rijks-Driehoek) system is the coordinate system used by the Dutch geographical service.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>S3 Table. Mark and recapture data from the recent dataset.</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Same dataset as the historical set, but now including age (see definition used in S1)<br> <br> </p>
Data from A functional transcriptomics analysis in the relict marsupial Dromiciops gliroides reveals adaptive regulation of protective functions during hibernation
<p>This dataset contains files with the differentially expressed genes, raw counts, DESeq2 analyses and assembled transcriptome of D. gliroides. This information is linked to the manuscript published in Molecular Ecology.</p>
Why bears hibernate? Redefining the scaling energetics of hibernation
<p><span>Hibernation is a natural state of suspended animation that many mammals experience and has been interpreted as an adaptive strategy for saving energy. However, the actual amount of savings that hibernation represents, and particularly its dependence on body mass (the "scaling") has not been calculated properly. Here we estimated the scaling of daily energy expenditure of hibernation (DEE<sub>H</sub>), covering a range of five orders of magnitude in mass. We found that DEE<sub>H</sub> scales isometrically with mass, which means that a gram of hibernating bat has a similar metabolism to that of a gram of bear, 20,000 times larger. Given that the metabolic rate of active animals scales allometrically, the point where these scaling curves intersect with DEE<sub>H</sub> represents the mass where energy savings by hibernation are zero. For BMR, these zero savings are attained for a relatively small bear (~100 kg). Calculated on a per-cell basis, the cellular metabolic power of hibernation was estimated to be 1.3x10<sup>-12</sup> ± 2.6x10<sup>-13</sup> W/cell, which is lower than the minimum metabolism of isolated mammalian cells. This supports the idea of the existence of a minimum metabolism that permits cells to survive under a combination of cold and hypoxia.</span></p>
Data from: Climate change and population persistence in a hibernating marsupial
<p>Climate change has physiological consequences on organisms, ecosystems, and human societies, surpassing the pace of organismal adaptation. Hibernating mammals are particularly vulnerable as winter survival is determined by short-term physiological changes triggered by temperature. In these animals, winter temperatures cannot surpass certain threshold, above which hibernators arouse from torpor, increasing several fold their energy needs when food is unavailable. Here, we parameterized a numerical model predicting energy consumption in heterothermic species, and modeled winter survival at different climate change scenarios. As a model species, we used the arboreal marsupial monito del monte (genus <em>Dromiciops</em>) which is recognized as one of the few South America hibernators. We modeled four climate change scenarios (from optimistic to pessimistic), based on IPCC projections, predicting that northern and coastal populations (<em>Dromiciops bozinovici</em>) will decline because the minimum number of cold days needed to survive the winter will not be attained. These populations are also the most affected by habitat fragmentation and change in land use. Conversely, Andean and other highland populations at cooler environments, are predicted to persist and thrive. Given the widespread presence of hibernating mammals around the world, models based on simple physiological parameters such as this one, are becoming essential for predicting species responses to warming in the short term.</p>
Figure 2 in Oxidative and osmotolerant effects in Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) red blood cells during hibernation
Figure 2. Logarithmic in base 10 values of oxidative biomolecules level for each period collected (n = 6). Wilcox Test: P = 0.31. Sum symbol (+) is the mean and SD are the horizontal lines; median is the vertical line within the boxes and range is distance from the median to the end of the boxes.
Figure 1 in Oxidative and osmotolerant effects in Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) red blood cells during hibernation
Figure 1. (a) Osmotic fragility in percentage by saline concentration from both periods studied (GLM: F = 2.56, P = 0.03). No statistical differences were observed between individualized pairs of saline concentrations; (b) Overall osmotic fragility difference between periods considering only periods effect (GLM: F = 9.72, P = 0.01) (n = 6). Sum symbol (+) is the mean and SD are the horizontal lines; median is the vertical line within the boxes and range is distance from the median to the end of the boxes.
Figure 3 in Oxidative and osmotolerant effects in Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) red blood cells during hibernation
Figure 3. Logarithmic in base 10 values of (a) Enzymatic activity level of glutathione peroxidase – GPx and (b) activity of glutathione reductase - GR of red blood cells in hibernation and active periods (n = 6). T-test, P = 0.68 and P = 0.10, respectively. Sum symbol (+) is the mean and SD are the horizontal lines; median is the vertical line within the boxes and range is distance from the median to the end of the boxes.
Fig. 1 in Early-Spring Floods Decrease The Survival Of Hibernating Larvae Of A Wetland-Inhabiting Population Of Neptis Rivularis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Fig. 1. Map of the central part of Třeboň Basin (along Lužnice river) with colonies of Neptis rivularis () and records of stray adults of the butterfly (), as encountered during 1996 season. The gray
Fig. 6 in The Eco-Physiological Status Of Hibernating Bats (Chiroptera) In The North Of The European Distribution Range
Fig. 6. Total WBC count and absolute numbers of each type of leukocytes in peripheral blood in bats. 1 - leukocytes 2 - monocytes, 3 - lymphocytes 4 - stab neutrophils, 5 - segmented neutrophils, 6 - eosinophils, 7 - basophils.
Fig. 2 in The Eco-Physiological Status Of Hibernating Bats (Chiroptera) In The North Of The European Distribution Range
Fig. 2. Species structure of hibernating bat populations (% of the total number of animals in the counts): A – Leningrad Region (Стрелков 1958), B – Tver Region (ГлуШкова et al. 2006), C – Samara Region (Смирнов et al. 2012), D – Finland (Siivonen & Wermundsen 2008), E – Karelia (own data), F – Arkhangelsk Region (Рыков 2008). 1 – M. dasycneme, 2 – M. daubentoni, 3 – M. brandtii/mystacinus, 4 – M. nattereri, 5 – P. auritus, 6 – E. nilssonii.
Fig. 5 in The Eco-Physiological Status Of Hibernating Bats (Chiroptera) In The North Of The European Distribution Range
Fig. 5. Differential WBC count in different bat species. 1 - monocytes, 2 - lymphocytes, 3 - band neutrophils, 4 - segmented neutrophils, 5 - eosinophils, 6 - basophils.
Fig. 3 in The Eco-Physiological Status Of Hibernating Bats (Chiroptera) In The North Of The European Distribution Range
Fig. 3. Distribution patterns of the hibernating northern bat, % of the total number of animals in counts: Finland (Siivonen & Wermundsen 2008), Karelia (own data), Ural region (Орлов 2000, БольШаков et al. 2005), Samara Region (Смирнов et al. 2008, Смирнов & Вехник 2009).
Fig. 1 in The Eco-Physiological Status Of Hibernating Bats (Chiroptera) In The North Of The European Distribution Range
Fig. 1. Locations of bat hibernacula in the Republic of Karelia. Legend: 1 – Lahdenpohja, 2 – Ruskeala, 3 – Sona, 4 – Shcheleyki, 5 – Medvezhjegorsk, 6 – Shunga.
Figure 2 in Antioxidant defenses in three vesper bats(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) during hibernation
Figure 2. The activity of catalase in the bats' tissues. Results (in IU/mg protein) are expressed as mean ± SEM. ◊ Significant difference from P. auritus in the same tissue. ◊ P <0.05.
Figure 1 in Antioxidant defenses in three vesper bats(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) during hibernation
Figure 1. The activity of SOD in the bats' tissues. Results (in U/mg protein) are expressed as mean ± SEM. ♦ Significant difference from M. brandtii, ◊ from P. auritus in the same tissue. ♦, ◊ P <0.05.
Figure. Distribution of body mass of 22 edible dormouse juveniles at the last weighing before hibernation. in Changes in body mass of postweaning juveniles of the edible dormouse, Glis glis (L.), in captivity
Figure. Distribution of body mass of 22 edible dormouse juveniles at the last weighing before hibernation.
Figure 2 in Pre-hibernation mating by a solitary bee, Ceratina flavipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae)
Figure 2. (A) Seasonal fluctuations in the numbers of adult females and males per nest; (B) the insemination rate of females and coefficients of inbreeding.
Figure 1 in Pre-hibernation mating by a solitary bee, Ceratina flavipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae)
Figure 1. Percentage of pre-hibernation insemination of females at 17 localities in Japan. Values are 100% unless otherwise indicated. Cool-temperate zone: 1, Sapporo; 2, Yakumo; 3, Toi; 4, Esashi; 5, Matsumae. Temperate zone: 6, Tsugaru; 7, Shimokita; 8, Oga; 9, Miyako; 10, Morioka; 11, Sakata; 12, Matsushima; 13, Niigata; 14, Naraha; 15, Kaga; 16, Matsue; 17, Mt Sanbe.
Why bears hibernate? Redefining the scaling energetics of hibernation
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