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17 results for “highland birds”
Supplementary material for "High semi-natural vegetation cover and heterogeneity of field sizes promote bird beta-diversity at larger scales in Ethiopian Highlands"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <ol> <li>The intensification of farming practices exerts detrimental effects on biodiversity. Most research has focused on declines in species richness at local scales (alpha-diversity) although species loss is exacerbated by biotic homogenization that operates at larger scales (i.e., affecting beta-diversity). The majority of studies have been conducted in temperate, industrialized countries while tropical areas remain poorly studied. Agricultural landscapes of sub-Saharan Africa are still largely dominated by small-scale subsistence farming, but strenuous efforts to intensify farming practices are currently spreading to meet a growing food demand. It is therefore crucial to understand how these intensified practices affect biodiversity to mitigate their negative impacts. </li> <li>We investigated how farming system (small- vs large-scale farming) and landscape complexity (semi-natural vegetation cover) drive bird species composition, community turnover, and beta-diversity patterns in Ethiopian Highlands’ agroecosystems. We evaluated the following hypotheses: (1) large-scale farming homogenizes bird communities, (2) community turnover is higher in small-scale farms, (3) interactive effects between landscape complexity and farming systems shape avian communities, (4) heterogeneity of field sizes increases community turnover at larger scales. </li> <li>Bird communities underwent greater compositional changes along the landscape complexity than along the agricultural intensity gradient. Contrary to our expectations, beta-diversity was not significantly lower within large-scale farms (no biotic homogenization), and complex landscapes that still offer a high amount of semi-natural vegetation promoted community turnover in both farming systems. </li> <li>Semi-natural vegetation cover mediated how avian communities responded to agricultural intensification: the compositional differences between small- and large-scale farms increased with vegetation cover, further promoting avian community heterogeneity at the landscape level.</li> <li>The heterogeneity in field sizes also enhanced bird community turnover, suggesting that a combination of both small- and large-scale farming systems within a given landscape unit would promote beta-diversity at larger scales, provided large-scale farms do not become dominant.</li> <li>Synthesis and applications: Landscape complexity shaped avian communities to a stronger degree than farming intensity, emphasizing the importance of semi-natural vegetation and landscape heterogeneity for the maintenance of diverse bird communities and for achieving multifunctional landscapes promoting biodiversity and associated ecosystem services on the High Ethiopian plateaus. <br> </li> </ol>
Fig. 4 in Patterns of Bird Diversity and Endemism Along an Elevational Gradient in the Southern Mexican Highlands.
Fig. 4. Rank-abundance curves for bird species at each of the four elevation sites in the Sierra Madre del Sur in southern Mexico. Bird species code: Aphelocoma sumichrasti (Asu), Catharus aurantiirostris (Cau), Cyanocitta coronata (Cco), Icterus pustulatus (Ipu), Junco phaeonotus (Jph), Melanerpes formicivorus (Mfo), Myadestes occidentalis (Moc), Myioborus miniatus (Mmi), Peucaea acuminata (Pac), Setophaga nigrescens (Sni), Tyrannus verticalis (Tve).
Fig. 5 in Patterns of Bird Diversity and Endemism Along an Elevational Gradient in the Southern Mexican Highlands.
Fig. 5. Differences in the abundance and composition of bird species per sampling point along an elevational gradient in the Sierra Madre del Sur in southern Mexico ordered by a non-metric multidimensional scaling based on the Bray-Curtis similarity index. Ellipses indicate 95% significance.
Fig. 2 in Patterns of Bird Diversity and Endemism Along an Elevational Gradient in the Southern Mexican Highlands.
Fig. 2. Bird species richness (q0) and diversity (q1 and q2) along an elevational gradient in the Sierra Madre del Sur in southern Mexico.
Fig. 1 in Patterns of Bird Diversity and Endemism Along an Elevational Gradient in the Southern Mexican Highlands.
Fig. 1. Geographic location of the (a) state of Guerrero in southern Mexico and (b) sampling sites (white triangles) within the Sierra Madre del Sur (red polygon). The nearest human settlements to each study site are shown as green stars.
Fig. 3 in Patterns of Bird Diversity and Endemism Along an Elevational Gradient in the Southern Mexican Highlands.
Fig. 3. Endemic bird species richness (q0) along an elevational gradient in the Sierra Madre del Sur in southern Mexico.
Fig. 6 in Patterns of Bird Diversity and Endemism Along an Elevational Gradient in the Southern Mexican Highlands.
Fig. 6. Faunal congruence curves for endemic bird species along an elevational gradient in the Sierra Madre del Sur in southern Mexico.
Fig. 1 in Haemoparasites in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands
Fig. 1. Location of study sites. (A) Location of the State of Mexico, (B) Location of Nevado de Toluca Natural Protected Area (NTNPA), and Valle de Bravo Natural Protected Area (VBNPA), (C) Parque Ecológico Ejidal de Cacalomacán (PEEC) and (D) Parque Ecoturístico Corral de Piedra (PECP). Datum WGS_1984_UTM Zone 14.
Figure 1 in Birds of Parque Estadual do Tainhas, an important protected area of the highland grasslands of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Figure 1. Location of Parque Estadual do Tainhas (white polygon on upper right detail) in southern Brazil. Source: Google Earth.
Birds and bats reduce herbivory damage in Papua New Guinean highland forests
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Data from: Hidden histories of gene flow in highland birds revealed with genomic markers
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Disentangling the contemporary and historical effects of landscape on population genomic variation of two bird species restricted to the highland forest enclaves of northeastern Brazil
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Investigating the impact of landscape features on patterns of genetic variation is crucial to understand spatially dependent evolutionary processes. Here, we assess the population genomic variation of two bird species (<em>Conopophaga cearae</em> and <em>Sclerurus cearensis</em>) through the Caatinga moist forest enclaves in northeastern Brazil. To infer the evolutionary dynamics of bird populations through the Late Quaternary, we used genome-wide polymorphism data obtained from double-digestion restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq), and integrated population structure analyses, historical demography models, paleodistribution modeling, and landscape genetics analyses. We found the population differentiation among enclaves to be significantly related to the geographic distance and historical resistance across the rugged landscape. The climate changes at the end of the Pleistocene to the Holocene likely triggered synchronic population decline in all enclaves for both species. Our findings revealed that both geographic distance and historical connectivity through highlands are important factors that can explain the current patterns of genetic variation. Our results further suggest that levels of population differentiation and connectivity cannot be explained purely on the basis of contemporary environmental conditions. By combining historical demographic analyses and niche modeling predictions in a historical framework, we provide strong evidence that climate fluctuations of the Quaternary promoted population differentiation and a high degree of temporal synchrony among population size changes in both species.</span></p>
Disentangling the contemporary and historical effects of landscape on population genomic variation of two bird species restricted to the highland forest enclaves of northeastern Brazil
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Data from: Species diversity and habitat use of birds in Menagesha Suba State Forest, central highlands of Ethiopia
<p class="CxSpFirst">This study was carried out to investigate the species diversity and habitat use of birds in the Menagesha Suba State forest and surrounding farmland. The study was conducted from July 2018 to January 2019 during the wet and dry seasons. The study area was stratified based on the dominant habitat types. A standardized survey technique was employed using <span>systematically established point counts for all habitat types</span>. EstimateS software (version 9.1) and Chi-square test were applied to analyze the data. A total of 122 bird species belonging to 14 orders and 49 families were identified in the study area during the two-season surveys. There was a statistically significant difference in the relative abundance of species among habitat types (χ2=81.928, df = 2, p<0.05). During both seasons, the highest bird diversity was observed in farmland (H'=3.65), followed by plantation forest (H'=3.52). The lowest and highest distributions were observed in natural forests (J=0.77) and plantation forests (J=0.89), respectively. Variations in the number of bird species were observed among the three habitats. Species similarity was highest between natural forests and plantation forests during both the dry and wet seasons. There was a statistically significant difference in habitat use of bird species among the three habitat types either when seasons were considered separately (dry season: χ2 = 22.825, df = 6, P<0.05; wet season: χ2 = 22.186, df = 6, P<0.05) or when combined (χ2 = 26.658, df = 6, P<0.05). The Menagesha Suba State forest is rich in endemic bird species to Ethiopia and shared with Eritrea, and more than 15% of bird species distributions are locally rare. There is a need for a detailed study of long duration on the diversity and other ecological aspects of forest bird species should be conducted to get exhaustive information.</p>
Fig. 2 in Haemoparasites in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands
Fig. 2. Triple infection of Haemoproteus spp./Leucocytozoon spp./microfilaria in a Catharus occidentalis. (A). Leucocytozoon spp. () and Haemoproteus spp. () parasites. (B). Microfilaria (➤), Leucocytozoon spp. () and Haemoproteus spp. () parasites. (C). Catharus occidentalis infected. Photomicrographs. Scale-bar: 10 μm.
Data from: Species diversity and habitat use of birds in Menagesha Suba State Forest, central highlands of Ethiopia
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Figure 2 in Birds of Parque Estadual do Tainhas, an important protected area of the highland grasslands of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Figure 2. Habitats and vegetation types found in Parque Estadual do Tainhas: (A) landscape of PET showing grasslands interspersed with forest patches composed mainly of araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia), (B) riparian forest along theTainhas river and its tributary, (C) grassland with marsh in lower areas, (D) marsh dominated by "gravatá" (Eryngium pandanifolium), (E) dry grassland composed mainly of Sorghastrum sp., (F) large forest area in the northern portion of PET, (G) rocky outcrop. Photos: Eduardo Chiarani.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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