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79 results for “historical and contemporary”
Figure 6 in The death adder Acanthophis antarcticus (Shaw & Nodder, 1802) in Victoria: historical records and contemporary uncertainty
Figure 6. Ventral view of the head scales of Death Adder specimens from Melbourne Museum, and close up of Gerard Krefft's illustration of the ventral head scales of the Death Adder collected at Lake Boga in 1857 (bottom right). Top left is specimen D3579. Top right is D51857. Bottom left is D4349.
Figure 1 in The death adder Acanthophis antarcticus (Shaw & Nodder, 1802) in Victoria: historical records and contemporary uncertainty
Figure 1. South-eastern Australia, showing records of the death adder Acanthophis antarcticus (black dots; Atlas of Living Australia, year) and key localities discussed in the text.
Figure 2. Specimen D4349, a in The death adder Acanthophis antarcticus (Shaw & Nodder, 1802) in Victoria: historical records and contemporary uncertainty
Figure 2. Specimen D4349, a death adder Acanthophis antarcticus in the collection of Museums Victoria.
Figure 5 in The death adder Acanthophis antarcticus (Shaw & Nodder, 1802) in Victoria: historical records and contemporary uncertainty
Figure 5. Illustration by Gerard Krefft of the death adder collected at Lake Boga in north-western Victoria on the 8 March 1857. (Photograph by Rebecca Carland; Museum of Natural History Berlin. Historical collection of pictures and writings. [Sigel: MfN, HBSB.] Bestand: Zool. Mus. Signatur: B VIII/56.)
TreeGOER Holdridge Life Zone Distributions: Observations for 48,129 tree species across 45 historical (1901-1920) and contemporary (1979-2013) terrestrial life zones
<p><strong>TreeGOER (Tree Globally Observed Environmental Ranges)</strong> is a database that documents the environmental ranges (minimum, maximum, median, mean and 5%, 25%, 75% and 95% quantiles) for 48,129 tree species and for 51 environmental variables, including 38 bioclimatic variables, 8 soil variables and 3 topographic variables. TreeGOER is available from the following Zenodo archives: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7922927">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7922927.</a></p> <p>The TreeGOER ranges were calculated after cleaning occurrence records and standardizing species names with the <a href="https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aps3.11388">WorldFlora</a> R package to <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/tax.12373">World Flora Online</a> or the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-021-00997-6">World Checklist of Vascular Plants</a> for a global GBIF occurrence download of 44,267,164 occurrences (GBIF.org 2021 <strong>GBIF Occurrence Download</strong> <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.77gcvq">https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.77gcvq</a>). The process of compilation of TreeGOER with 30 arc-seconds global grid layers, two examples of BIOCLIM applications that investigated the effects of climate change on global tree diversity patterns and R scripts to repeat these analyses have been described by Kindt, R. (2023). <strong>TreeGOER: A database with globally observed environmental ranges for 48,129 tree species</strong>. Global Change Biology 29: 6303–6318. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16914">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16914</a>.</p> <p>This Zenodo archive documents the occurrence of the same previously compiled and cleaned observations for the TreeGOER across global raster layers that document the contemporary (1979-1920) and historical (1901-1920) distribution of 45 <strong>Terrestrial Life Zones</strong>. These global raster layers were created for the following article:</p> <ul> <li>Elsen, P. R., Saxon, E. C., Simmons, B. A., Ward, M., Williams, B. A., Grantham, H. S., Kark, S., Levin, N., Perez-Hammerle, K.-V., Reside, A. E., & Watson, J. E. M. (2022). Accelerated shifts in terrestrial life zones under rapid climate change. <em>Global Change Biology</em>, 28, 918–935. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15962">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15962</a></li> </ul> <p>and are <a href="https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.41ns1rnff">available for download from DRYAD</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Elsen, Paul R.; Saxon, Earl C.; Simmons, B. Alexander; Ward, Michelle; Williams, Brooke A.; Grantham, Hedley S.; Kark, Salit; Levin, Noam; Perez-Hammerle, Katharina-Victoria; Reside, April E.; Watson, James E. M.; Perez‐Hammerle, Katharina‐Victoria. 2021. Data from: Accelerated shifts in terrestrial life zones under rapid climate change.<strong> </strong>Nov 05 2021 version files. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.41ns1rnff">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.41ns1rnff</a></li> </ul> <p>The raster layers were processed using <em>R</em> and <em>Google Earth Engine</em> following the methodology described in Elsen et al (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15962">2022</a>). Documentation of the different zones are partially available from this README file: <a href="https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/1145694">https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/1145694</a></p> <p>For each of the 48,129 tree species, the distribution is given for:</p> <ul> <li>Contemporary climate: number of observations in life zones mapped by <a href="https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/1145680">https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/1145680</a></li> <li>Historical climate: number of observations in life zones mapped by <a href="https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/1145681">https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/1145681</a></li> <li>Mixed climate: number of observations for contemporary life zones if GBIF observations were from 1979 or later, and number of observations for historical life zones if GBIF observations were from before 1979</li> <li>Static climate: number of observations in the same zone in the contemporary and historical climate. The number of observations in areas where the life zone changed are listed in the variable of 'H-0'.</li> </ul> <p>Observations outside the life zone maps are listed in the variable of 'H-1'.</p> <p> </p> <p>The development of this data set archive supported by the <strong>Darwin Initiative</strong> to project DAREX001 of <em>Developing a Global Biodiversity Standard certification for tree-planting and restoration</em>, by <strong>Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative through the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Ethiopia</strong> to the <em>Provision of Adequate Tree Seed Portfolio</em> project in Ethiopia, by the <strong>Green Climate Fund</strong> through the IUCN-led <em>Transforming the Eastern Province of Rwanda through Adaptation</em> and through the <em>Readiness proposal on Climate Appropriate Portfolios of Tree Diversity for Burkina Faso</em> projects, by the <strong>Bezos Earth Fund</strong> to the <em>Quality Tree Seed for Africa in Kenya and Rwanda</em> project and by the <strong>German International Climate Initiative (IKI)</strong> to the regional tree seed programme on <em>The Right Tree for the Right Place for the Right Purpose in Africa</em>.</p>
Data for: Historical and contemporary processes drive global phylogenetic structure across geographical scales: Insights from bat communities
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Patterns of evolutionary relatedness among co-occurring species are driven by scale-dependent contemporary and historical processes. Yet, we still lack a detailed understanding of how these drivers impact the phylogenetic structure of biological communities. Here, we focused on bats – one of the most speciose and vagile groups of mammals – and test the predictions of three general biogeographical hypotheses that are particularly relevant to understanding how paleoclimatic stability, local diversification rates, and geographical scales shaped their present-day phylogenetic community structure.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Worldwide, across restrictive geographical extents: global, east-west hemispheres, biogeographical realms, tectonic plates, biomes, and ecoregions.</p> <p><strong>Time period</strong>: Last Glacial Maximum (~22,000 years ago) to the present.</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: Bats (Chiroptera)</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We estimated bat phylogenetic community structure across restrictive geographical extents and modelled it as a function of paleoclimatic stability, and in situ net diversification rates.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Limiting geographical extents from larger to smaller scales strongly changed the phylogenetic structure of bat communities. The magnitude of these effects is less noticeable in the western hemisphere, where frequent among-realm biota interchange could have been maintained through bats' adaptive traits. Highly phylogenetically related bat communities are generally more common in regions that changed less in climate since the last glacial maximum, supporting the expectation that stable climates allow for increased phylogenetic clustering. Finally, increased in situ net diversification rates are associated with greater phylogenetic clustering in bat communities.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: We show that the worldwide phylogenetic structure of bat assemblages varies as a function of geographical extents, dispersal barriers, paleoclimatic stability and in situ diversification. The integrative framework used in our study, which can be applied to other taxonomic groups, has proven useful to not only explain the evolutionary dynamics of community assembly but could also help tackle questions related to scale dependence in community ecology and biogeography.</p>
Data for: Historical and contemporary processes drive global phylogenetic structure across geographical scales: Insights from bat communities
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Data from: Genomic signatures of sympatric speciation with historical and contemporary gene flow in a tropical anthozoan (Hexacorallia: Actiniaria)
Sympatric diversification is increasingly thought to have played an important role in the evolution of biodiversity around the globe. However, an in situ sympatric origin for co-distributed taxa is difficult to demonstrate empirically because different evolutionary processes can lead to similar biogeographic outcomes- especially in ecosystems that can readily facilitate secondary contact due to a lack of hard barriers to dispersal. Here we use a genomic (ddRADseq), model-based approach to delimit a species complex of tropical sea anemones that are co-distributed on coral reefs throughout the Tropical Western Atlantic. We use coalescent simulations in fastsimcoal2 to test competing diversification scenarios that span the allopatric-sympatric continuum. We recover support that the corkscrew sea anemone Bartholomea annulata (Le Sueur, 1817) is a cryptic species complex, co-distributed throughout its range. Simulation and model selection analyses suggest these lineages arose in the face of historical and contemporary gene flow, supporting a sympatric origin, but an alternative secondary contact model also receives appreciable model support. Leveraging the genome of Exaiptasia diaphana we identify five loci under divergent selection between cryptic B. annulata lineages that fall within mRNA transcripts or CDS regions. Our study provides a rare empirical, genomic example of sympatric speciation in a tropical anthozoan. Finally, these data represent the first range-wide molecular study of any tropical sea anemone, underscoring that anemone diversity is under described in the tropics, and highlighting the need for additional systematic studies into these ecologically and economically important species.
Figure 7 in The death adder Acanthophis antarcticus (Shaw & Nodder, 1802) in Victoria: historical records and contemporary uncertainty
Figure 7. First edition of the Dangerous Snakes of Victoria poster, produced in 1877.
Figure 4 in The death adder Acanthophis antarcticus (Shaw & Nodder, 1802) in Victoria: historical records and contemporary uncertainty
Figure 4. Dorsal perspective of the head and neck (including neck wound) of specimen D4349.
Bulk SIA of historical and contemporary squid beaks: raw data and primary analyses
<p>Raw data obtained from stable isotope analysis of <em>δ</em>13C and <em>δ</em>15N in beaks of the squids <em>Gonatus fabricii</em> (Lichtenstein, 1818) and <em>Todarodes sagittatus</em> (Lamarck, 1798) (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida), and primary analyses of these data. Squids sampled in the Baffin Bay, Davis Strait and Nordic Seas (1882-2010) and Iceland, Faroe Islands and Ireland (1844-2023), respectively. Raw data for the open access peer-reviewed paper '<strong>Insights on long-term ecosystem changes from stable isotopes in historical squid beaks</strong>'</p> <p>Paper can be accessed at: https://bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-024-02274-7</p> <p>Paper's doi: 10.1186/s12862-024-02274-7</p>
Historic and contemporary biogeographic perspectives on range-wide spatial genetic structure in a widespread seagrass
<p>This raw data set contains multilocus genotypes for 1,312 individual samples from 44 locations.</p> <p>Aim: Historical and contemporary processes drive spatial patterns of genetic diversity. These include climate-driven range shifts and gene flow mediated by biogeographical influences on dispersal. Assessments that integrate these drivers are uncommon, but critical for testing biogeographic hypotheses. Here, we characterise intraspecific genetic diversity and its spatial structure across the entire distribution of a temperate seagrass to test marine biogeographic concepts for southern Australia.</p> <p>Location: Temperate Australian coastal waters</p> <p>Methods: Predictive modelling was used to contrast the current <em>Posidonia australis</em> distribution to its historical distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Spatial genetic structure was estimated for 44 sampled meadows from across the geographical range of the species using nine microsatellite loci. </p> <p>Results: Historical and contemporary distributions were similar, with the exception of the Bass Strait. Genetic clustering was consistent with the three currently recognised biogeographic provinces and largely consistent with the finer-scale <span>IMCRA </span>bioregions. Discrepancies were found within the Flindersian province and southwest IMCRA bioregion, while two regions of admixture coincided with transitional bioregions. Clonal diversity was highly variable, but positively associated with latitude. Genetic differentiation among meadows was significantly associated with oceanographic distance.</p> <p>Main conclusions: Our approach suggests how shared seascape drivers have influenced the capacity of <em>P. australis</em> to effectively track sea level changes associated with natural climate cycles over millennia, <span>and in particular, the recolonisation of meadows across the Continental Shelf following the LGM</span>. Genetic structure associated with IMCRA bioregions reflects the presence of stable biogeographic barriers, such as oceanic upwellings. This study highlights the importance of biogeography to infer the role of historical drivers in shaping extant diversity and structure. </p>
Data from: Historical fire regimes and contemporary fire effects within sagebrush habitats of Gunnison Sage-grouse
<p>The historical role of fire in sagebrush (<em>Artemisia</em> <em>tridentata</em>) landscapes remains poorly understood yet is important to inform management and conservation of obligate species such as the threatened Gunnison Sage-grouse (GUSG; <em>Centrocercus</em> <em>minimus</em>). We reconstructed fire histories from tree-ring fire-scars at sagebrush-forest ecotones (10 sites, 111 trees) to better understand the role of fire in sagebrush landscapes of the Upper Gunnison Basin (UGB), Colorado, and how fire may have changed following European-American settlement. We assessed likely influences of historical fire by surveying plant composition and structure at 100 sagebrush sites with and without recent (2001–2020) fire. </p> <p>Tree-ring fire-scars revealed a history of repeated low-severity fire at sagebrush-forest ecotones until 1892, followed by over a century without fire. Between 1684 and 1892, the mean fire interval (MFI) among sites averaged 41.3 years (ranging from 18.2 to 79.7 years). Fire over this period occurred synchronously at two or more sites on average every 23.6 years, consistent with spread between sites. Most (70%) of the historical fires burned in the early growing season when strong winds can spread fire through sagebrush. Recent burns, relative to unburned sites exhibited greater reductions in sagebrush (<em>Artemisia</em> <em>tridentata</em>; 27% vs. 6%) and concomitant increases in herbaceous (40% vs. 55%) cover. These differences declined with time since fire but persisted for at least two decades. Burns were dominated by a suite of native perennial grasses, forbs, and a re-sprouting shrub species. Historically, such openings may have served as seasonal GUSG habitat. Burns exhibited slightly increased cover (4% vs. 1%) of a widely-planted non-native perennial grass, crested wheatgrass (<em>Agropyron</em> <em>cristatum</em>). </p> <p>Our results suggest that parts of the UGB sagebrush landscapes were characterized historically by frequent fire and dynamic vegetation mosaics that included open, grassy patches. These findings are consistent with the use of prescribed fire to restore and maintain this ecological process and vegetation heterogeneity. However, the contemporary context for fire has changed, and now includes substantially reduced (Endangered Species Act) ESA-listed GUSG populations, increased risk of non-native plant invasion, and climate warming. These circumstances highlight new risks, information needs, and opportunities for key knowledge co-production via management-research partnerships. </p>
Historical racial redlining and contemporary patterns of income inequality negatively affect birds, their habitat, and people in Los Angeles, California
<p>The Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) was a U.S. government-sponsored program initiated in the 1930s to evaluate mortgage lending risk. The program resulted in hand-drawn 'security risk' maps intended to grade sections of cities where investment should be focused (greenlined areas) or limited (redlined zones). The security maps have since been widely criticized as being inherently racist and have been associated with high levels of segregation and lower levels of green amenities in cities across the country. Our goal was to explore the potential legacy effects of the HOLC grading practice on birds, their habitat, and the people who may experience them throughout a metropolis where the security risk maps were widely applied, Greater Los Angeles, California (L.A.). We used ground-collected, remotely sensed, and census data and descriptive and predictive modeling approaches to address our goal. Patterns of bird habitat and avian communities strongly aligned with the luxury-effect phenomenon, where green amenities were more robust, and bird communities were more diverse and abundant in the wealthiest parts of L.A. Our analysis also revealed potential legacy effects from the HOLC grading practice. Associations between bird habitat features and avian communities in redlined and greenlined zones were generally stronger than in areas of L.A. that did not experience the HOLC grading, in part because redlined zones, which included some of the poorest locations of L.A., had the highest levels of dense urban conditions, e.g., impervious surface cover. In contrast, greenlined zones, which included some of the city's wealthiest areas, had the highest levels of green amenities, e.g., tree canopy cover. The White population of L.A., which constitutes the highest percentage of a racial or ethnic group in greenlined areas, was aligned with a considerably greater abundance of birds affiliated with natural habitat features (e.g., trees and shrubs). Conversely, the Hispanic or Latino population, which is dominant in redlined zones, was positively related to a significantly greater abundance of synanthropic birds, which are species associated with dense urban conditions. Our results suggest that historical redlining and contemporary patterns of income inequality are associated with distinct avifaunal communities and their habitat, which potentially influence the human experience of these components of biodiversity throughout L.A. Redlined zones and low-income residential areas that were not graded by the HOLC can particularly benefit from deliberate urban greening and habitat enhancement projects, which would likely carry over to benefit birds and humans.</p>
Data from: Genomic signatures of sympatric speciation with historical and contemporary gene flow in a tropical anthozoan (Hexacorallia: Actiniaria)
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Data from: Historical fire regimes and contemporary fire effects within sagebrush habitats of Gunnison Sage-grouse
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Historic and contemporary biogeographic perspectives on range-wide spatial genetic structure in a widespread seagrass
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Historical legacies and contemporary processes shape beta diversity in Neotropical montane streams
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Historical, abiotic, and biotic drivers influence contemporary lacustrine fish community composition in the glacial Lake Agassiz basin
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Data from: History matters: contemporary versus historic population structure of bobcats in the New England region, USA
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.