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Data used in the article "Cryptic disease-induced mortality may cause host extinction in an apparently-stable host-parasite system"

These data files include all the capture-history matrices that were used in the article, including two matrices with the age of captured individuals (adults or juveniles) according to the definition presented in the main text. Infection intensity (zoospore equivalents per swab) is provided in separate files for all Rhinoderma darwinii and Eupsophus contulmoensis individuals that tested positive for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection. Also, the R code used for the fully paramaterized matrix population model 1 (including figures) is provided. Other codes used to analyze our data, especifically capture-recapture models, were obtained from Kéry and Schaub 2012 (Bayesian population analysis using WinBUGS. A hierarchical perspective. Waltham, USA: Academic Press.)

Fig. 4 in Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host

Fig. 4 Scanncng electron mccrographs of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. Female. a Spurs on coxae. b Spcracular plate. c Tarsus I. d Haller's organ. Scale-bars: a, 200 μm; b, c, 50 μm; d, 15 μm

Fig. 8 in Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host

Fig. 8 Scanncng electron mccrographs of Ixodes woyliei. Nsmph, legs and spcracular plate. a Spurs on coxae. b Spcracular plate. c Tarsus I. d Haller's organ. Scale-bars: a, c, 100 μm; b, 20 μm; d, 10 μm

Fig. 7 in Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host

Fig. 7 Scanncng electron mccrographs of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. Nsmph. a Gnathosoma, dorsal vcew. b Gnathosoma, ventral vcew. c Hspostome. Scale-bars: a, b = 40 μm; c, 10 μm

Fig. 9 in Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host

Fig. 9 Lcne drawcng of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. Nsmph. a Capctulum ventral vcew. b Capctulum dorsal vcew. c Scutum. d Coxae. Scale-bars: 100 μm

Fig. 6 in Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host

Fig. 6 Scanncng electron mccrographs of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. Nsmph. a Idcosoma, unengorged speccmen, dorsal vcew. b Idcosoma, unengorged speccmen, ventral vcew. c Scutum, showcng lateral carcnae. d Anal groove. Scale-bars: a-c, 200 μm; d, 40 μm

Fig. 5 in Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host

Fig. 5 Lcne drawcng of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. Female. a Capctulum, ventral vcew. b Capctulum, dorsal vcew. c Scutum. d Tarscs I. e Tarscs IV. f Coxae. Scale-bars: 200 μm

Fig. 10 in Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host

Fig. 10 Phslogenetcc relatconshcps of csolates of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. wcth other Australascan Ixodes spp. as estcmated uscng cstochrome c oxcdase subunct 1 (cox1) gene sequences. Sequences wcth accesscon numbers were obtacned from GenBank, all others were generated cn thcs studs. Evolutconars hcstors was cnferred uscng the necghbour-jocncng method supported wcth bootstrap test of 1,000 replccates (values> 50% shown). Rhipicephalus sanguineus cs used as the outgroup

Fig. 2 in Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host

Fig. 2 Scanncng electron mccrographs of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. Female. a Idcosoma, unengorged speccmen, dorsal vcew. b Idcosoma, unengorged speccmen, ventral vcew. c Scutum, showcng lateral carcnae. d Anal groove. Scale-bars: a-c, 500 μm; d, 100 μm

Fig. 3 in Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host

Fig. 3 Scanncng electron mccrographs of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. Female. a Gnathosoma, dorsal vcew. b Gnathosoma, ventral vcew. c Hspostome. Scale-bars: a-b, 100 μm; c, 20 μm

Fig. 2 in Past, present and future of host‾parasite co-extinctions

Fig. 2. Comparison between helminth parasite diversity (for Acantocephala, Cestoda, Monogenea, Nematoda and Trematoda) in vertebrates (amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles) estimated using, respectively, the approach by Poulin and Morand (2004) (dark grey) and the more recent approach proposed by Strona and Fattorini (2014a) (light grey). Data were obtained from Table 1 in Strona and Fattorini (2014a).

Fig. 7 in Past, present and future of host‾parasite co-extinctions

Fig. 7. Schematic representation of the possible different parasitological consequences of a biological invasion. A: The invader loses its parasite and does not get local parasites; B: The invader loses its parasites and gets new ones from native hosts; C: The invader retains its parasites and these establish new symbioses with local species; D: The invader retains its parasites and acquire new parasites from local hosts; its parasites establish new symbioses with local host species; E: The invader does not lose its parasites, does not get new ones from native hosts, and its parasites do not expand their host range.

Fig. 6 in Past, present and future of host‾parasite co-extinctions

Fig. 6. Example of asymmetry of interactions as observed in all host parasite records available from FishPest dataset (Strona and Lafferty, 2012). The graph shows the relationship between the maximum specificity of the parasites using a certain host species, and the parasite richness on that host species. Boxplots correspond to different classes of hosts identified on the basis of the maximum specificity of their parasites. Thus, the first boxplot provides information on parasite species richness of all fish species whose most specific parasite uses just one host. It is apparent that specific parasites tend to use hosts harboring many parasites, while species-poor parasitofaunas are often composed by generalist parasites. Boxes indicate first and third quartiles, whiskers indicate range values, and horizontal lines indicate median values.

Fig. 5 in Past, present and future of host‾parasite co-extinctions

Fig. 5. Graph showing the relationship between fish parasite specificity and the corresponding average vulnerability of the hosts used by those parasites. Data were obtained using the same data and procedure as in Strona et al. (2013), computing mean host vulnerability values for different parasite host range classes. Differently from Strona et al. (2013), however, classes were defined using a logarithmic progression instead of a geometric one, resulting in an even tighter relationship between log(host range) and mean host vulnerability (rs = 0.93; p <0.05).

Fig. 3 in Past, present and future of host‾parasite co-extinctions

Fig. 3. Distribution of parasite specificity expressed as the logarithm of host range size in fish (A) and terrestrial vertebrates (B). Data for fish parasites (Acantocephala, Cestoda, Monogenea, Nematoda and Trematoda) were collected from FishPest (Strona and Lafferty, 2012). Data for parasites of terrestrial vertebrates (Acantocephala, Cestoda, Nematoda and Trematoda for amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles) were collected from the Natural Museum History database (http://www.nhm.ac.uk). Since (as to June 11th 2015) all amphibians in the database are erroneously classified as reptiles, information was corrected using Catalogue of Life (http://www.catalogueoflife.org/). Y-axes indicate parasite species numbers.

Figure 4 in Nikolaj Livanow's historical collection sheds new light on potential local extinctions and host association in Hirudinea

Figure 4. Historical sample of Acanthobdella peledina Grube, 1851 (lot EEZM 387 "Onega Lake. N. Livanow, 1902"). These specimens are the only preserved part of Livanow's general sample that was used for preparation of the classical monograph on this species (Livanow 1906). (a) Anterior part of the incomplete specimen and trace of its lost posterior part by albumin-gelatin gel. (b-d) Three complete specimens. Scale bar = 2.5 mm. Photo: T. A. Eliseeva and A. V. Bespyatykh.

Figure 3 in Nikolaj Livanow's historical collection sheds new light on potential local extinctions and host association in Hirudinea

Figure 3. Extract from the Systematic Catalogue of Collections and Preparations of Invertebrates of the Zootomy Cabinet Museum of the Imperial Kazan University (Meyer 1915). (a) Title page. (b) Selected entries [In Russian] for the specimens under discussion with our English translations and remarks (red letters). Photos: T. A. Eliseeva and A. V. Bespyatykh.

Figure 2 in Nikolaj Livanow's historical collection sheds new light on potential local extinctions and host association in Hirudinea

Figure 2. Collection vials with selected samples from the historical Hirudinea collection (EEZM): (a) Acanthobdella peledina Grube, 1851 (lot EEZM 387 "Onega Lake. N. Livanow, 1902"); (b) Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758 (lot EEZM 406-407 "Kazan. E. Meyer, 1891"); and (c) Glossiphonia grubei (Lukin & Epshtein, 1959) (lot EEZM 397 "Lake Baikal (Maloe More [Strait]). V. Garjaew, 1899"). Photos: T. A. Eliseeva and A. V. Bespyatykh.

Figure 1 in Nikolaj Livanow's historical collection sheds new light on potential local extinctions and host association in Hirudinea

Figure 1. Cabinet with the historical Hirudinea collection in the EEZM – Edward Eversman Zoology Museum and Herbarium, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (formerly Zootomy Cabinet Museum of the Imperial Kazan University), prepared by Nikolaj A. Livanow and Eduard A. Meyer. The red numbers indicate exposition vials with samples of Acanthobdella peledina Grube, 1851 (1), Hirudo medicinalis Linnaeus, 1758 (2), and Glossiphonia grubei (Lukin & Epshtein, 1959) (3). Photo: T. A. Eliseeva and A. V. Bespyatykh.

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Fig. 1 in Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host

Fig. 1 Locatcons of Bettongia penicillata populatcons where samples were obtacned