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7 results for “hot-rolling”
Database of Residual Stress Measurements on Hot-rolled Wide Flange Steel Cross Sections
<p><a href="https://zenodo.org/deposit/7677600#:~:text=Delete-,Data_info.csv,-md5%3A98a0f787ce2ea1b81d42ac898f6bb110">Data_info.csv</a>: Database of 'Residual Stress Measurements on Hot-rolled Wide Flange Steel Cross Sections' including cross-sectional and material characteristics as well as information relevant to ploting the residual stress distributions.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/deposit/7677600#:~:text=7%20kB-,Distributions.zip,-md5%3Af7f66a9ad607f27edde3dc7438b82ad2">Distributions.zip</a>: Residual stress distributions for the web and the flanges. To be unziped and positioned at the same location with the 'Data_info.csv', 'Processor.m' and 'QP_Coefficients' folder.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/deposit/7677600#:~:text=197%20kB-,Processor.m,-md5%3A29935e24d40cbd4398d260124ec71fa8">Processor.m</a>: MATLAB code that plots the residual stress distributions of a selected research work.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/deposit/7677600#:~:text=16%20kB-,QP_Coefficients.zip,-md5%3Aafd1a8771cf39c9c6584331d10030d96">QP_Coefficients.zip</a>: Coefficients of a proposed optimization method to fit the measured residual stresses in the web and the flanges. To be unziped and positioned at the same location with the 'Data_info.csv', 'Processor.m' and 'Distributions' folder.</p>
EBSD Dataset of the Alpha and Beta Phase Orientations for a Hot-Rolled Zr-2.5Nb Alloy
<p>A set of ex-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) datafiles following rolling of a Zr-2.5Nb alloy at different temperatures (700C, 750C, 775C, 800C, 825C, 850C, 900C) and rolling reductions (50%, 75%, 87.5%). Data for annealing of the material (750C for 2 hours) and following rolling at 800C from a different ‘as-forged’ starting texture is also included. Note, phases in the ctf files marked as Titanium Cubic refer to measurement of the Zirconium Cubic phase. </p> <p>The data in the 'Beta ctf' folder includes a reconstruction of the high temperature beta-phase orientations where possible, reconstructed from the alpha phase orientations using a software based on the Burgers relationship.</p> <p>Please see the accompanying paper for the interpretation of crystallographic texture changes;</p> <p>C.S. Daniel, P.D. Honniball, L. Bradley, M. Preuss, J. Quinta da Fonseca, A detailed study of texture changes during alpha–beta processing of a zirconium alloy, J. Alloys Compd. 804 (2019) 65–83, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.338">10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.338</a></p>
Measuring Bulk Crystallographic Texture from Ti-6Al-4V Hot-Rolled Sample Matrices using Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (Analysis Dataset)
<p>A dataset of synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) analysis files, recording the refinement of crystallographic texture from a number of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) sample matrices, containing a total of 93 hot-rolled samples, from three different orthogonal sample directions. The aim of the work was to accurately quantify bulk macro-texture for both the α (hexagonal close packed, hcp) and β (body-centred cubic, bcc) phases across a range of different processing conditions.</p> <p><strong>Material </strong></p> <p>Prior to the experiment, the Ti-64 materials had been hot-rolled at a range of different temperatures, and to different reductions, followed by air-cooling, using a rolling mill at The University of Manchester. Rectangular specimens (6 mm x 5 mm x 2 mm) were then machined from the centre of these rolled blocks, and from the starting material. The samples were cut along different orthogonal rolling directions and are referenced according to alignment of the rolling directions (RD – rolling direction, TD – transverse direction, ND – normal direction) with the long horizontal (X) axis and short vertical (Y) axis of the rectangular specimens. Samples of the same orientation were glued together to form matrices for the synchrotron analysis. The material, rolling conditions, sample orientations and experiment reference numbers used for the synchrotron diffraction analysis are included in the data as an excel spreadsheet.</p> <p><strong>SXRD Data Collection </strong></p> <p>Data was recorded using a high energy 90 keV synchrotron X-ray beam and a 5 second exposure at the detector for each measurement point. The slits were adjusted to give a 0.5 x 0.5 mm beam area, chosen to optimally resolve both the α and β phase peaks. The SXRD data was recorded by stage-scanning the beam in sequential X-Y positions at 0.5 mm increments across the rectangular sample matrices, containing a number of samples glued together, to analyse a total of 93 samples from the different processing conditions and orientations. Post-processing of the data was then used to sort the data into a rectangular grid of measurement points from each individual sample.</p> <p><strong>Diffraction Pattern Averaging </strong></p> <p>The stage-scan diffraction pattern images from each matrix were sorted into individual samples, and the images averaged together for each specimen, using a Python notebook <a href="https://github.com/LightForm-group/sxrd-tiff-summer">sxrd-tiff-summer</a>. The averaged .tiff images each capture average diffraction peak intensities from an area of about 30 mm<sup>2</sup> (equivalent to a total volume of ~ 60 mm<sup>3</sup>), with three different sample orientations then used to calculate the bulk crystallographic texture from each rolling condition.</p> <p><strong>SXRD Data Analysis </strong></p> <p>A new Fourier-based peak fitting method from the <a href="https://pypi.org/project/continuous-peak-fit/">Continuous-Peak-Fit</a> Python package was used to fit full diffraction pattern ring intensities, using a range of different lattice plane peaks for determining crystallographic texture in both the α and β phases. Bulk texture was calculated by combining the ring intensities from three different sample orientations.</p> <p>A .poni calibration file was created using <a href="http://www.clemensprescher.com/programs/dioptas">Dioptas</a>, through a refinement matching peak intensities from a LaB6 or CeO2 standard diffraction pattern image. Two calibrations were needed as some of the data was collected in July 2022 and some of the data was collected in August 2022. Dioptas was then used to determine peak bounds in 2θ for characterising a total of 22 α and 4 β lattice plane rings from the averaged Ti-64 diffraction pattern images, which were recorded in a .py input script. Using these two inputs, Continuous-Peak-Fit automatically converts full diffraction pattern rings into profiles of intensity versus azimuthal angle, for each 2θ section, which can also include multiple overlapping α and β peaks.</p> <p>The Continuous-Peak-Fit refinement can be launched in a notebook or from the terminal, to automatically calculate a full mathematical description, in the form of Fourier expansion terms, to match the intensity variation of each individual lattice plane ring. The results for peak position, intensity and half-width for all 22 α and 4 β lattice plane peaks were recorded at an azimuthal resolution of 1º and stored in a .fit output file. Details for setting up and running this analysis can be found in the <a href="https://github.com/LightForm-group/continuous-peak-fit-analysis">continuous-peak-fit-analysis</a> package. This package also includes a Python script for extracting lattice plane ring intensity distributions from the .fit files, matching the intensity values with spherical polar coordinates to parametrise the intensity distributions from each of the three different sample orientations, in the form of pole figures. The script can also be used to combine intensity distributions from different sample orientations. The final intensity variations are recorded for each of the lattice plane peaks as text files, which can be loaded into MTEX to plot and analyse both the α and β phase crystallographic texture.</p> <p><strong>Metadata </strong></p> <p>An accompanying YAML text file contains associated SXRD beamline metadata for each measurement. The raw data is in the form of synchrotron diffraction pattern .tiff images which were too large to upload to Zenodo and are instead stored on The University of Manchester's Research Database Storage (RDS) repository. The raw data can therefore be obtained by emailing the authors.</p> <p>The material data folder documents the machining of the samples and the sample orientations.</p> <p>The associated processing metadata for the Continuous-Peak-Fit analyses records information about the different packages used to process the data, along with details about the different files contained within this analysis dataset.</p>
Measuring Bulk Crystallographic Texture from Ti-6Al-4V Hot-Rolled Sample Matrices using Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (Results Dataset)
<p>A dataset of crystallographic texture results for both α (hexagonal close packed, hcp) and β (body-centred cubic, bcc) phases, measured from 31 different hot-rolled Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-64) materials and 3 differently orientated samples using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD). The aim of the work was to accurately quantify bulk macro-texture for both the α and β phases across a range of different processing conditions, and to compare results with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements. The synchrotron intensities were extracted using a new Fourier-based peak fitting method from the <a href="https://pypi.org/project/continuous-peak-fit/">Continuous-Peak-Fit</a> Python package, and then directly used to calculate the pole figures, orientation distribution functions (ODFs) and numerical values for the texture indices in <a href="https://mtex-toolbox.github.io">MTEX</a></p> <p><strong>Material </strong></p> <p>The Ti-64 materials had been hot-rolled at a range of different temperatures, and to different reductions, followed by air-cooling. Three samples of different orientation were cut from the centre of these rolled blocks, and from the starting material. The material and hot-rolling conditions are recorded in this <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7438090">analysis dataset</a> as an excel spreadsheet and summarised in the table below.</p> <table align="center"> <caption>A table recording the sample number and associated hot-rolling condition.</caption> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><em><strong>Sample Number</strong></em></p> </td> <td> <p><em><strong>Rolling Condition</strong></em></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>825ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>865ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>895ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>915ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>935ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>950ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>960ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>975ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>1020ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>β-annealed, 825ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>β-annealed, 915ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>β-annealed, 975ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>Reduced heating from 915ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>Reduced heating from 975ºC, 87.5% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>825ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>865ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>895ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>915ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td>935ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>950ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td>960ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td>975ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td>1020ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td>β-annealed, 825ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td>β-annealed, 915ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td>β-annealed, 975ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td>Reduced heating from 915ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td>Reduced heating from 975ºC, 75% Reduction</td> </tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td>As-received</td> </tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>As-received, β-annealed</td> </tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td>975ºC, 50% Reduction</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>MTEX Data Analysis</strong></p> <p>The lattice plane intensities for 22 α and 4 β phase peaks were extracted from the Continuous-Peak-Fit analysis, also included in this <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7438090">analysis dataset</a>, and saved as text files in the form of pole figures. The lattice intensity text files were analysed in MTEX using scripts from the <a href="https://github.com/LightForm-group/continuous-peak-fit-analysis">continuous-peak-fit-analysis</a> package, to plot pole figures and ODF slices, and to calculate pole figure maxima, ODF maxima, texture indices and texture component phase fractions. A kernel half-width of 10° was found to produce optimal data fitting, for highly accurate texture strength intensity values.</p> <p><strong>Metadata </strong></p> <p>An accompanying YAML text file contains associated processing metadata for the SXRD analysis, recording information about the packages used to process the data, along with details about the different files contained within this results dataset.</p>
2D EBSD Dataset of the Alpha and Beta Phase Orientations for a Hot-Rolled Model Zircaloy-4 with 7 wt.% Nb Alloy
<p>A set of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data files for a model Zircaloy-4 with 7 wt.% Nb addition alloy following hot-rolling. </p> <p>The 2D data set contains EBSD maps recording the microstructure and texture evolution, from a beta-processed (and annealed) starting condition, following rolling at a temperature of 725C to 50% and 75% reduction. Data for annealing of the rolled materials (750C for 2 hours) is also included. <em>Note, phases in the ctf files marked as 'Titanium Cubic' refer to measurement of the 'Zirconium Cubic' phase.</em></p> <p>Please see our accompanying paper for analysis of the 2D measurements - as well as analysis of a 3D reconstruction from <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3785084">10.5281/zenodo.3785084</a> - and for interpretation of the coupled crystallographic texture evolution;</p> <p>C.S. Daniel, A. Garner, P.D. Honniball, L. Bradley, M. Preuss, P.B. Prangnell, J. Quinta da Fonseca, Co-deformation and dynamic annealing effects on the texture development during alpha–beta processing of a model Zr-Nb alloy, Acta Materialia 205 (2021) 116538. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.116538">10.1016/j.actamat.2020.116538</a></p>
EBSD Dataset of the Alpha and Beta Phase Orientations for Hot-rolled Ti-6Al-4V
<p>This is an EBSD dataset for hot-rolled Ti-6Al-4V alloy. It includes the EBSD maps of the starting material, and materials have been rolled at nine different temperatures (825°C, 865°C, 895°C, 915°C, 935°C, 950°C, 960°C, 975°C, 1020°C) to three reductions (50%, 75%, and 87.5%). Each rolled material was sampled from transverse direction (TD) and rolling direction (RD) and EBSD maps were taken from both directions. Materials rolled at 825°C and 915°C were further rolled to 94% reduction and EBSD maps were taken from TD. The information of each EBSD data is given in the metadata file in each folder.</p> <p>For materials rolled above 915°C, the beta phase was reconstructed with a software based on Burger's orientation relationship.</p> <p>The Matlab script for plotting EBSD maps, pole figures and ODFs can be downloaded <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/8328717">here</a>.</p>
3D EBSD Dataset of the Alpha and Beta Phase Orientations for a Hot-Rolled Model Zircaloy-4 with 7 wt.% Nb Alloy
<p>A set of serial-section electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data files and a 3D reconstruction of a model Zircaloy-4 with 7 wt.% Nb addition alloy following hot-rolling.</p> <p>The 3D data set contains measurements of the material rolled at 725C to 75% reduction. The measurements include indexing of both the alpha and the beta phases in 441 sequential slices, each of 0.1 μm, through a small section of the material, taken using the dual beam Thermo Scientific Helios Xe<sup>+</sup> plasma focused ion-beam scanning electron microscope (PFIB-SEM). The 3D EBSD data set includes EBSD measurements in the form of ctf files, binary data files, an Aztec project file, and accompanying images for each slice.</p> <p>A 3D volume was reconstructed from the 3D EBSD data set using a customised pipeline within the DREAM.3D software. The results of this analysis are included in the 'dream3d' folder, which includes a description of the pipeline, the final fully reconstructed dream3d data file, an xdmf file used for visualising the data in ParaView, a h5ebsd file containing results for the reconstruction, and grain averaged data for each of the identified features.</p> <p>Please see our accompanying paper for analysis of the 3D reconstruction - as well as analysis of the 2D measurements from <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3784460">10.5281/zenodo.3784460</a> - and for interpretation of the coupled crystallographic texture evolution;</p> <p>C.S. Daniel, A. Garner, P.D. Honniball, L. Bradley, M. Preuss, P.B. Prangnell, J. Quinta da Fonseca, Co-deformation and dynamic annealing effects on the texture development during alpha–beta processing of a model Zr-Nb alloy, Acta Materialia 205 (2021) 116538. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.116538">10.1016/j.actamat.2020.116538</a></p>
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