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32 results for “hyperparasitoids”
Figure 1 in Brachymeria koehleri (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae): first record as hyperparasitoid in Dione juno juno (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) pupae
Figure 1. Primary parasitoid Chetogena aff. scutellaris (Diptera: Tachinidae) (A) size: 1.0 cm; Hyperparasitoid Brachymeria koehleri (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) (B) size: 0.6 mm; and parasitized pupa of Dione juno juno (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) (C) size: 2.7 cm.
Fig. 1 in Threshold temperatures and thermal requirements of Psyllaphycus diaphorinae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a hyperparasitoid of Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Fig. 1. Predicted rate of total development as a function of temperature for Psyllaphycus diaphorinae (pooled males and females) at different constant and fluctuating temperatures using linear (a), Performance-2 (b), and Ratkowsky (c) models. In the linear and Perfomance-2 charts, the ordinate is the rate of development (1/D, per d), and the abscissa is temperature (°C). In the Ratkowsky chart (c) the ordinate is the square root of development rate (, per d), and the abscissa is temperature (°C). Symbols represent mean observed data. Solid lines represent model predictions for fluctuating temperatures and dashed lines for constant temperatures. For linear regression (a), data values for 32 °C were omitted because of significant deviation from rectilinearity.
Divergent life history strategies in congeneric hyperparasitoids
<p>Datasets on realized lifetime fecundity and resting metabolic rate for the geline hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) Gelis agilis, Gelis acarorum, and Gelis areator. </p>
Volatiles of bacteria associated with parasitoid habitats elicit distinct olfactory responses in an aphid parasitoid and its hyperparasitoid
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FIGURE 4–7. 4 in Recent occurrence of Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in Kenya — an important hyperparasitoid of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
FIGURE 4–7. 4. Female, dorsal mesosoma; 5. Female, lateral mesosoma; 6. Male, genitalia; 7. Female, dorsal metasoma.
FIGURES 8–10. 8 & 9 in Recent occurrence of Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in Kenya — an important hyperparasitoid of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
FIGURES 8–10. 8 & 9. Males, heads in frontal view; 10. Male, fore wing venation. (at same scale of magnification).
FIGURE 1–3 in Recent occurrence of Aphanogmus dictynna (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in Kenya — an important hyperparasitoid of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
FIGURE 1–3. Female, lateral habitus; 2. Female, head in frontal view; 3. Antennae: A. Female; B. Male.
FIGURES 3–8 in Conura baturitei sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae): a hyperparasitoid of spiders through Zatypota riverai (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
FIGURES 3–8. Conura baturitei sp. nov., paratype, female: 3, habitus, lateral; 4, lower face and mandibles; 5, malar space and gena; 6, mesosoma, dorsal; 7, propodeum, dorsal; 8, base of metafemur and apex of metatibia, CTS = laminar carina of the tarsal sulcus, IT = inner basal tooth.
FIGURES 1, 2. 1 in Conura baturitei sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae): a hyperparasitoid of spiders through Zatypota riverai (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
FIGURES 1, 2. 1, Undetermined species of Theridion Walckenaer (Araneae: Theridiidae) with an ectoparasitoid larva of Zatypota riverai on the metasoma. 2, A cocoon of Zatypota riverai Gauld (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) with an emergence hole.
Third and fourth trophic level composition shift in an aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food web limits aphid control in an intercropping system
<p>1. Understanding how resource diversification affects ecological interactions, food web structure and ecosystem functioning is essential in both fundamental and applied ecology. While plant diversification strategies (either in- or around-field) are often proposed in agricultural landscapes as practices to improve the biological control of herbivores by natural enemies, results remain variable and unsure.</p> <p>2. Here, we studied the effect of an in-field diversification practice (the intercropping of leguminous crops within cereal fields, an increasingly common practice but with inconsistent results on biological control) on cereal aphid control and the structure of a cereal-aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food web for two years.</p> <p>3. We report that aphid control was not increased in mixed fields, nor was cereal parasitoid diversity and food web complexity. Nevertheless, the provision of alternative hosts in mixed fields led to a functional community composition shift, favouring generalist parasitoid species over specialist ones.</p> <p>4. Moreover, we observed a higher hyperparasitism rate in mixed fields, suggesting that secondary parasitoids were favoured by alternative resources, which may have disrupted aphid control by primary parasitoids.</p> <p>5.<i> Synthesis and applications.</i> This study demonstrates that parasitoid community composition shift and increased top-down control by the fourth trophic level can impact parasitoid efficiency to control herbivores. These results highlight the necessity to study fine-scale mechanisms within food webs to be able to set-up efficient methods to support biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes.</p>
Data from: Increased fluctuation in a butterfly metapopulation leads to diploid males and decline of a hyperparasitoid
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Third and fourth trophic level composition shift in an aphid-parasitoid-hyperparasitoid food web limits aphid control in an intercropping system
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Petri dish effect of hyperparasitoids
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Data from: Spatial and temporal diversity in hyperparasitoid communities of Cotesia glomerata on garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata
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Figure 1 from: Li Z, Yao T, Xu Z, Meng L, Li B (2020) A new species of Cheiloneurus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) as a hyperparasitoid of the invasive cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, in China. ZooKeys 974: 23-29. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.974.55528
Figure 1 Cheiloneurus nankingensis sp. nov. (female, holotype) A mesosoma, dorsal view B metasoma, dorsal view C antennae D mandibles E fore wing F head, front view G head, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
Figure 2 from: Li Z, Yao T, Xu Z, Meng L, Li B (2020) A new species of Cheiloneurus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) as a hyperparasitoid of the invasive cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, in China. ZooKeys 974: 23-29. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.974.55528
Figure 2 Cheiloneurus nankingensis sp. nov. (male) A fore wing B antennae C head, front view D head, ventral view E mesosoma, dorsal view F metasoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.
Data from: Symbiotic polydnavirus and venom reveal parasitoid to its hyperparasitoids
Symbiotic relationships may provide organisms with key innovations that aid in the establishment of new niches. For example, during oviposition, some species of parasitoid wasps, whose larvae develop inside the bodies of other insects, inject polydnaviruses into their hosts. These symbiotic viruses disrupt host immune responses, allowing the parasitoid's progeny to survive. Here, we show that symbiotic polydnaviruses also have a downside to the parasitoid's progeny by initiating a multi-trophic chain of interactions that reveals the parasitoid larvae to their enemies. These enemies are hyperparasitoids that use the parasitoid progeny as host for their own offspring. We found that the virus and venom injected by the parasitoid during oviposition, but not the parasitoid progeny itself, affected hyperparasitoid attraction towards plant volatiles induced by feeding of parasitized caterpillars We identified activity of virus-related genes in the caterpillar salivary gland. Moreover, the virus affected the activity of elicitors of salivary origin that induce plant responses to caterpillar feeding. The changes in caterpillar saliva were critical in inducing plant volatiles that are used by hyperparsitoids to locate parasitized caterpillars. Our results show that symbiotic organisms may be key drivers of multi-trophic ecological interactions. We anticipate that this phenomenon is widespread in nature, because of the abundance of symbiotic microorganisms across trophic levels in ecological communities. Their role should be more prominently integrated in community ecology to understand organization of natural and managed ecosystems as well as adaptations of individual organisms that are part of these communities.
FIGURE 5. Hyperparasitoids. A in A new species of Crinibracon Quicke (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitic on pupae of Hasora chromus (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from India
FIGURE 5. Hyperparasitoids. A. Philolema braconidis; B. Nesolynx javanica; C. Eupelmus sp.
Figure 2 from: Smith D, Janzen D, Hallwachs W, Smith M (2012) Hyperparasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Trigonalidae) reared from dry forest and rain forest caterpillars of Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 29: 119-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.29.3233
Figure 2 - A neighbor-joining tree (NJ) built using Kimura 2 Parameter distance and including 201 sequenced trigonalid specimens from the ACG and North America that have COI sequence greater than 200 bp. Note the divergence between the ACG Taeniogonalos and the North American specimens – and within the dry forest Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ01 and Taeniogonalos fasciatipennisDHJ02 – all are clearly differentiated by mitochondrial DNA.
Figure 1 from: Smith D, Janzen D, Hallwachs W, Smith M (2012) Hyperparasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Trigonalidae) reared from dry forest and rain forest caterpillars of Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 29: 119-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.29.3233
Figure 1 - Color representation of the full length (658 base pairs (bp)) DNA barcodes for each of the 5 ACG trigonalid species. Intra-specific variation in the barcode region is represented by vertical bands in the color bar at that position.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.