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249 results for “infection tolerance”
Data from: Temperature dependent effects of cutaneous bacteria on a frog's tolerance of fungal infection
<p>Defense against pathogens is one of many benefits that bacteria provide to animal hosts. A clearer understanding of how changes in the environment affect the interactions between animals and their microbial benefactors is needed in order to predict the impact and dynamics of emerging animal diseases. Due to its dramatic effects on the physiology of animals and their pathogens, temperature may be a key variable modulating the level of protection that beneficial bacteria provide to their animal hosts. Here we investigate how temperature and the makeup of the skin microbial community impact the susceptibility of amphibian hosts to infection by <em>Batrachochytrium</em> <em>dendrobatidis</em>, one of two fungal pathogens known to cause the disease chytridiomycosis. To do this, we manipulated the skin bacterial communities of susceptible hosts, northern cricket frogs (<em>Acris</em> <em>crepitans</em>), prior to exposing these animals to <em>Batrachochytrium</em> <em>dendrobatidis</em> under two different ecologically relevant temperatures. Our manipulations included one treatment where antibiotics were used to reduce the skin bacterial community, one where the bacterial community was augmented with the antifungal bacterium, <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> <em>maltophilia</em>, and one in which the frog's skin bacterial community was left intact. We predicted that frogs with reduced skin bacterial communities would be more susceptible (i.e., less resistant to and/or tolerant of <em>Bd</em> infection), and frogs with skin bacterial communities augmented with the known antifungal bacterium would be less susceptible to <em>Bd</em> infection and chytridiomycosis. However, we also predicted that this interaction would be temperature-dependent. We found a strong effect of temperature but not of skin microbial treatment on the probability and intensity of infection in <em>Bd</em>-exposed frogs. Whether temperature impacted survival, however, differed among our skin microbial treatment groups, with animals having more <em>S</em>. <em>maltophilia</em> on their skin surviving longer at 14 but not at 26 °C. Our results suggest that temperature was the predominant factor influencing <em>Bd</em>'s ability to colonize the host (i.e., resistance) but that the composition of the cutaneous bacterial community was important in modulating the host's ability to survive (i.e., tolerate) a heavy <em>Bd</em> infection.</p>
The Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Abacavir/Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Dispersible and Immediate Release Tablets in HIV-1-Infected Children Less Than 12 Years of Age
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03760458. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 4. Publications: 2.
Dose-finding Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Tobramycin Inhalation Powder in Patients With Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis and Pulmonary P. Aeruginosa Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02712983. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 6. Publications: 2.
Data from: Behavioural infection tolerance of malaria is negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the brain of an invasive songbird
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Data from: Temperature dependent effects of cutaneous bacteria on a frog's tolerance of fungal infection
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Exogenous glucocorticoids amplify the costs of infection by reducing resistance and tolerance, but effects are mitigated by co-infection
Individual variation in parasite defenses, such as resistance and tolerance, can underlie heterogeneity in fitness and could influence disease transmission dynamics. Glucocorticoid hormone concentrations often change in response to fluctuating environmental conditions and mediate changes in immune function, resource allocation, and tissue repair. Thus, changes in glucocorticoid hormone concentrations might mediate individual variation in investment in resistance versus tolerance. In this study, we experimentally increased glucocorticoid concentrations in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) that were naturally infected with haemosporidian parasites and assessed changes in resistance and tolerance of infection. Glucocorticoid treatment increased burdens of Plasmodium, the parasite causing avian malaria, but only in the absence of co-infection with another Haemosporidian, Haemoproteus. Thus, glucocorticoids might reduce resistance to infection, but co-infection can mitigate the negative consequences of increased hormone concentrations. Glucocorticoid treatment also decreased tolerance of infection. We found no evidence that the inflammatory immune response or rate of red blood cell production underlie the effects of glucocorticoids on resistance and tolerance. Our findings suggest that exogenous glucocorticoids can increase the costs of haemosporidian infections by both increasing parasite numbers and reducing an individual's ability to cope with infection. These effects could scale up to impact populations of both host and parasite.
Individual fish infection data from metapopulation epidemics used to calculate resistance, tolerance and competence
<p>Host competence, defined as the likelihood that a host will transmit infection, may be affected by an individual's resistance to infection and its ability to withstand damage caused by infection (tolerance). Host competence may therefore be one of the most important factors to impact host-parasite dynamics, yet the relationships among resistance, tolerance, and competence are poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to determine whether individual host resistance (ability to resist or minimize infection) and/or tolerance (ability to withstand or minimize reduction in fitness due to infection) contributed to the competence (ability to spread infection) of hosts using guppies infected with the ectoparasite, <em>Gyrodactylus turnbulli.</em> This individual-fish level analysis used data collected from a previous metapopulation experiment that had tracked host-parasite dynamics at the metapopulation scale using individually marked guppies that were moved among experimental tanks within replicate metapopulations. Fish tolerance was measured as the residual from a fish's expected survival post-infection for a given parasite burden. Fish resistance was measured as the peak parasite load ( - log-transformed). Host competence was measured as the incidence (number of new infections over two days after the arrival of a fish to a tank) weighted by the density of available uninfected fish in the tank. In contrast to the assumption of a trade-off between resistance and tolerance, individual fish tolerance and resistance were both negatively associated with competence. Connectivity (the number of fish with which an individual came into contact) was not associated with competence. Our results indicate that resistance and tolerance are both important to disease spread. These findings highlight the importance of understanding how individual defence against parasites may contribute to its competence as a host, and therefore impact metapopulation-level dynamics.</p>
Negative regulation of IMD contributes to disease tolerance during systemic bacterial infection in Drosophila
<p>Data and R code for <strong>Negative regulation of IMD contributes to disease tolerance during systemic bacterial infection in <em>Drosophila</em></strong></p>
An Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability Study Comparing Dolutegravir (DTG) Plus Lamivudine (3TC) With Dolutegravir Plus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in Treatment naïve HIV Infected Participants (Gemini 2)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02831764. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 18. Publications: 3.
Entecavir/Pegylated Interferon in Immune Tolerant Children With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01368497. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) Treatment for HIV/HCV Co-infected Participants Who Switch to Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (E/C/F/TA
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02707601. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Safety, Tolerance and Pharmacokinetics of Raltegravir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy in Infants, Children Infected With HIV and TB
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01751568. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Efavirenz in HIV-Infected Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00364793. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 6. Publications: 1.
Phase 1, Open-label, Single Dose Study to Examine Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Virologic Impact of VRC01LS or VRC07-523LS in HIV-infected Viremic Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02840474. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 2. Publications: 4.
An Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability Study Comparing Dolutegravir Plus Lamivudine With Dolutegravir Plus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in Treatment naïve HIV Infected Subjects (Gemini 1)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02831673. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 18. Publications: 2.
A Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, Tolerability, and Antiviral Activity of Rilpivirine (TMC278) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Adolescents and Children Aged Greater Than or Eq
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00799864. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 8. Publications: 1.
An Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability Study of TMC435 in Treatment-naive, Genotype 1 Hepatitis C-infected Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01289782. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 12. Publications: 2.
Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability of Vabomere Compared to Best Available Therapy in Treating Serious Infections in Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02168946. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 8. Publications: 2.
A Study to Determine the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Aztreonam-Avibactam (ATM-AVI) ± Metronidazole (MTZ) Versus Meropenem (MER) ± Colistin (COL) for the Treatment of Serious Infections Due to
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03329092. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 21. Publications: 4.
Safety Tolerability DDI Short Course Treatment of LTBI Infection With High-dose Rifapentine and Isoniazid or Standard Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in HIV+ Patients (DOLPHIN & DOLPHIN TOO)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03435146. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.