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100 results for “insect herbivory”
Data from: Synergistic effects of grass competition and insect herbivory on the weed Rumex obtusifolius in an inundative biocontrol approach
<p>Data are from a field experiment to test for synergistic interactions between grass competition and herbivory on <i>Rumex obtusifolius</i>, a prominent weed in temperate grasslands worldwide.</p><p><i>Rumex obtusifolius</i> was grown in the presence and absence of competition from the grass <i>Lolium perenne</i> and subjected to herbivory through targeted inoculation with root-boring <i>Pyropteron</i> spp.</p><p>To explore whether the interactive effects of competition and herbivory were size-dependent, <i>R. obtusifolius</i> was planted covering a large range of plant sizes found in managed grasslands.</p><p>The experimental layout followed a split-split plot design. Main-level factor was <i>L. perenne</i> competition, split-level factor was herbivory application, split-split-level factor was initial root mass of <i>R. obtusifolius</i>. Main-plots were arranged according to a randomized complete block design on the site (8 blocks, each containing a <i>L. perenne</i> competition and a no competition treatment).</p>
Data for 'Weak latitudinal gradients in insect herbivory for dominant rangeland grasses of North America'
Data for Kent et al. Accepted manuscript in Ecology and Evolution, with abstract: Patterns of insect herbivory may follow predictable geographical gradients, with greater herbivory at low latitudes. However, biogeographic studies of insect herbivory often do not account for multiple abiotic factors (e.g. precipitation, soil nutrients) that could underlie gradients. We tested for latitudinal clines in insect herbivory as well as climatic, edaphic, and trait-based drivers of herbivory. We quantified herbivory on five dominant grass species over 23 sites across the Great Plains, USA. We examined the importance of climate, edaphic factors, and traits as correlates of herbivory. Herbivory increased at low latitudes when all grass species were analysed together and for two grass species individually, while two other grasses trended in this direction. Higher precipitation was related to more herbivory for two species but less herbivory for a different species, while higher specific root length was related to more herbivory for one species and less herbivory for a different species. Taken together, results highlight that climate and trait-based correlates of herbivory can be highly contextual and species specific. Patterns of insect herbivory on dominant grasses supports the hypothesis that herbivory increases towards lower latitudes, though weakly, and indicates that climate change may have species-specific effects on plant-herbivore interactions.
Figure 1 in Sampling fossil floras for the study of insect herbivory: how many leaves is enough?
Figure 1. Exemplars of the plant hosts analyzed in this study. (a) Taeniopteris from Mitchell Creek Flats, specimen USNM-612206. (b) Zeilleropteris from Mitchell Creek Flats, specimen USNM-612216. (c) Auritifolia waggoneri from Colwell Creek Pond, specimen USNM-559854. (d) Taeniopteris from Colwell Creek Pond, specimen USNM-559818. (e) Johniphyllum multinerve from South Ash Pasture, specimen USNM-520377. (f) Euparyphoselis gibsonii from South Ash Pasture, specimen USNM-520383.
Figure 4 in Sampling fossil floras for the study of insect herbivory: how many leaves is enough?
Figure 4. Damage type (DT) diversity, the herbivory index (percentage of leaf area removed), and the proportion of specimens excluded, calculated with different specimen area restrictions, for the four primarily and secondarily dominant Permian plant hosts represented by fewer than 400 specimens. The dashed gray line represents the mean value calculated for the complete dataset, and the dotted gray lines represent the 95 % confidence intervals for the complete dataset. For the complete datasets, all specimens with a surface area above 0.5 cm2 were examined. The 95 % confidence interval for each subsampling routine is represented by a light gray rectangle bounded by black lines. The thick black lines represent the mean values for each subsampling routine.
Figure 7 in Sampling fossil floras for the study of insect herbivory: how many leaves is enough?
Figure 7. Surface area of individual specimens ordered by area for the two forms of Johniphyllum multinerve at SAP.
Figure 3 in Sampling fossil floras for the study of insect herbivory: how many leaves is enough?
Figure 3. Damage type (DT) diversity, the herbivory index (percentage of leaf area removed), and the proportion of specimens excluded, calculated with different specimen area restrictions, for the three primarily dominant Permian plant hosts represented by 400 or more specimens. The dashed gray line represents the mean value calculated for the complete dataset, and the dotted gray lines represent the 95 % confidence intervals for the complete dataset. For the complete datasets, all specimens with a surface area above 0.5 cm2 were examined. The 95 % confidence interval for each subsampling routine is represented by a light gray rectangle bounded by black lines. The thick black lines represent the mean values for each subsampling routine.
Figure 6 in Sampling fossil floras for the study of insect herbivory: how many leaves is enough?
Figure 6. Surface area of individual specimens, ordered by area for each plant host, for Auritifolia waggoneri and Taeniopteris spp. of CCP and Johniphyllum multinerve at SAP.
Figure 8 in Sampling fossil floras for the study of insect herbivory: how many leaves is enough?
Figure 8. The DT diversity and the herbivory index of each specimen, plotted against its surface area.
Figure 5 in Sampling fossil floras for the study of insect herbivory: how many leaves is enough?
Figure 5. Sequential increases in sample size, starting with the largest specimens, for the three primarily dominant Permian plant hosts represented by 400 or more specimens.
Figure 2 in Sampling fossil floras for the study of insect herbivory: how many leaves is enough?
Figure 2. Damage type (DT) diversity, the herbivory index (percentage of leaf area removed), and the proportion of specimens excluded, calculated with different subsampling routines for the three primarily dominant Permian plant hosts represented by 400 or more specimens. The dashed gray line represents the mean value calculated from the complete datasets, and the dotted gray lines represent the 95 % confidence intervals calculated from the complete datasets. For the complete datasets, all specimens with a surface area above 0.5 cm2 were examined. The 95 % confidence interval for each subsampling routine is represented by a light gray rectangle bounded by black lines. The thick black lines represent the mean values for each subsampling routine.
Plant–insect interactions from the mid-Cretaceous at Puy-Puy (Aquitaine Basin, western France) indicates preferential herbivory for angiosperms amid a forest of ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
<p>The nine in-text figures and table below (Appendices S1–S10), and the additional text and excel files attached, provide the raw data, summaries of the raw data, rarefaction analyses, and nonmetric multidimensional scale analyses (NMDS) that support the discussions of the main text. The raw data and their summaries of provide for each plant species or morphotype values important for assessment of their herbivory: percentage of specimens herbivorized, damage type (DT) richness, DT frequency, DT host-plant specificity, herbivorized surface area as a proportion of total surface area, and feeding event occurrences. The rarefaction analyses furnished evaluations of whether the number of samples was sufficient, given the surface area covered by those samples. For comparison, the number of samples was rarified to the number of DTs in those samples. Lastly, two NMDS analyses produced the relationships between the plant orders present in the plant assemblage and their interactive functional feeding groups (FFGs). A separate NMDS analysis shows the association between the three most herbivorized species and their FFGs.</p>
Fig. 3 in Insect herbivory following fire on Lyonia fruticosa, an ericaceous shrub of Florida scrub
Fig. 3. Lyonia fruticosa traits with time-since-fire: (A) height, (B) number of stems, (C) proportion of plants flowering, and (D) leaf area. For all panels, points show the mean ± 1 SE of plants within a management unit. Generalized additive models were fitted using the mean values for each management unit to avoid pseudoreplication. Solid regression lines and the shaded areas show the predicted values with 1 SE.
Fig. 2 in Insect herbivory following fire on Lyonia fruticosa, an ericaceous shrub of Florida scrub
Fig. 2. Time-since-fire and herbivore damage by type across whole plants. Points show the mean ± 1 SE of plants within a management unit. Generalized additive models were fitted using the mean values for each management unit to avoid pseudoreplication. When significant, solid regression lines and the shaded areas show the predicted values with 1 SE.
Fig. 1 in Insect herbivory following fire on Lyonia fruticosa, an ericaceous shrub of Florida scrub
Fig. 1. Time-since-fire and herbivory across whole plants. (A) Percent herbivory with time-since-fire; (B) proportion of leaves damaged with time-since-fire. For both panels, points show the mean ± 1 SE of plants within a management unit. Generalized additive models were fitted using the mean values (see text for details). Solid regression lines and the shaded areas show the predicted values with 1 SE.
Data for beta diversity analysis of insect herbivory evolution
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Dataset of 'Search for top-down and bottom-up drivers of latitudinal trends in insect herbivory in oak trees in Europe'
<p>This file correspond to the dataset that has being used in the article ‘Search for top-down and bottom-up drivers of latitudinal trends in insect herbivory in oak trees in Europe’ by Elena Valdés-Correcher et al. in Global Ecology and Biogeography.</p>
Insect herbivory in a South African savanna-forest mosaic: neglected but substantial
<p>These are primary data for the study of insect herbivory conducted in the savanna-forest mosaic of HluHluwe Imfolozi Park in South Africa. The submission contains the following files: specifically, notes for scripts and data particularly used in this study.</p> <p>1. Script 00_Configuration for R<br>2. Script 01_types_of_herbivory represents Figure 3a and Figure S1<br>3. Script 02_subset7_speciesALLhabitats represents Figure 3b, Figure S4, S5<br>4. Script 03_leaf_size_explorations represents Figures S2 and S3<br>5. Script 04_Species_traits_analyses represents Table 1<br>6. Script 05_Savanna correlation<br>7. Script 06_herbivory_savanna_PCA represent figure 4b</p> <p>Data used:<br>1. Data = Distribution_herbivory_class represented Figure_2b & TableS4<br>2. Data = Mean proportion of leaf area eaten by chewers and miners per individual plant species represent figure 2a<br>3. Data = Data_Table S1_fire_mammal gradient<br>4. Data = Leaf sizes investigations for all plant species<br>5. Data = KTraits_20220625_PhylTrait.csv represents phylogenetic correlation signals in table 1 for correlation matrix (Pearson correlation).<br>6. Data = 07_dataset_herbivory_fortraits.csv represents correlation table 1 or correlation matrix (Pearson correlation).<br>7. Data = Environment_savanna_correlations_ExcelPlot.2024 represents Figure S6a & 6b</p>
Data and code for : 'Interactive effects of temperature, aridity, and plant stoichiometry on insect herbivory: past and present', The American Naturalist
<p>The files are for the manuscript 'Interactive effects of temperature, aridity, and plant stoichiometry on insect herbivory: past and present' consist of the following major parts:</p> <p> </p> <p>1. <strong>FILE “all site summary.xlsx”</strong>: Summary data of all the fossil sites used in the study. This is an MS Excel file and has three sheets, namely:</p> <p>a. <strong>All_sites</strong>: This sheet lists various metadata related to each of the 39 fossil sites used in this study. The name of the site is listed as ‘Flora’, and each site has the following data associated with it: Epoch, Latitude Bin, Region, Geographic location, Lat(itude), Long(itude), Depositional.Environment, Age, Age.error, MAT.C (Mean Annual Temperature in degrees C), MAT.Error, MAP.mm.yr (Mean Annual Precipitation in mm), MAP.error, and No.Leaves (number of leaf specimens).</p> <p>b. <strong>PEB sites list (Bighorn)</strong>: This sheet specifically lists the 8 Paleocene-Eocene boundary (PEB) sites from the Bighorn basin along with relevant metadata. These sites are also present in the All_sites tab.</p> <p>c. <strong>PEB sites list (Hanna)</strong>: This sheet lists the 2 Hanna Basin sites from the PEB with relevant metadata.</p> <p><strong>2. </strong><strong>FOLDER “fossil site herbivory data”: </strong>This folder contains the leaf-level herbivory data from all the fossil sites used in this study (including the PEB sites from Hanna Basin) in .csv format. Each file has the following data structure: the first column lists the morphotaxa name of the leaf and the subsequent columns represent whether a particular DT (Damage Type, represented by individual column names) is present (1) or absent (0/NA) in that leaf.</p> <p><strong>3. </strong><strong>FOLDER “modern site herbivory data”: </strong>This folder contains the leaf-level level herbivory data from all the modern sites used in this study in .txt format. “presab_data_HFmatrix” is the data from the three sites in Harvard Forest, “presab_data_LSmatrix” from three sites in La Selva and “presab_data_SERCmatrix” from the three sites in the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. The quarry number is the name of the site in each file. The rest of the structure is same as fossil data: the second column lists the taxa name for the leaf and the subsequent columns represent whether a particular DT (Damage Type, represented by individual column names) is present (1) or absent (0/NA) in that leaf.</p> <p><strong>4. </strong><strong>FOLDER “masks for FFGs”: </strong>This folder has two files, namely:</p> <p><strong>a. </strong><strong>“ffgdef_DT.csv”: </strong>This file lists which Functional Feeding Group does each DT belong to. Oviposition =0, Skeletonization=1, Surface feeding =2, Galling=3, Hole Feeding=4, Mining =5, Margin Feeding =6, Piercing and Sucking=7.</p> <p><strong>b. </strong><strong>“mask_DT.csv”: </strong>This file lists whether a given DT is a herbivory damage, a specialized damage, gall or mining damage (T/F).</p> <p><strong>5. </strong><strong>FOLDER “N2_fixing_site_level_taxa”: </strong>This folder contains 8 files in .csv format corresponding to each of the 8 PEB Bighorn Basin sites. Each file has the same structure: the first column corresponds to a specific morphotaxa and the next column indicates whether it is a N2 fixing plant (1) or not (0).</p> <p><strong>6. FILE "Analyais_base.Rmd" </strong>gives base code to replicate all the results.</p>
Vertical stratification of leaf physical traits exerts bottom-up pressures on insect herbivory in a sugar maple temperate forest
<p>Do vertical gradients in temperate forest structure insect herbivore communities? We tested the hypothesis that the increase in light intensity from understory to forest canopy level drives differences in leaf physical traits and budburst phenology that impact insect herbivores and thus play a role in structuring both herbivore communities and the leaf damages they cause. Twelve sugar maple <em>(Acer saccharum)</em> sites were monitored in southern Quebec, examining insect herbivore patterns from understory to the shaded and sun canopy over the summers of 2020, 2021, and 2022. Additionally, we recorded leaf physical traits, temperature, humidity, and sun exposure. Our findings revealed that leaf thickness increased along the vertical gradient in 2021, making leaves less favorable to herbivores in the canopy level. Accordingly, we recorded a consistent decrease in insect herbivory damage rates from the understory to the shaded canopy and sun canopy in 2020 and 2021, driven by leaf cutters, skeletonizers, stipplers, and leaf miners. These results support our hypothesis that variation in plant physical traits due to sun exposure contributes to the vertical stratification of insect damage. In 2022, the gradient of insect herbivore abundance corroborated the observed damage trends from the previous years. Moreover, we calculated an average annual herbivory rate of 9.1% of the leaf surface in our study site, suggesting limited evidence supporting a significant contribution of background herbivory to the decline of sugar maple forests. Overall, our study highlights the importance of vertical gradients in structuring insect herbivore communities and emphasizes the role of leaf traits in mediating these interactions.</p>
Insect herbivory for Catula gettyi, a late Cretaceous laurel from Utah, USA
<p class="Body">The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian Stage) Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, USA, preserves abundant plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate fossil taxa. Taken together, these fossils indicate that the ecosystems preserved in the Kaiparowits Formation were characterized by high biodiversity. Hundreds of vertebrate and invertebrate species and over 80 plant morphotypes are recognized from the formation, but insects and their associations with plants are largely undocumented. Here, we describe a new fossil leaf taxon, <i>Catula gettyi </i>gen et. sp. nov. in the family Lauraceae from the Kaiparowits Formation. <i>Catula gettyi</i> occurs at numerous localities in this deposit that represent ponded and distal floodplain environments. The type locality for <i>C. gettyi</i> has yielded 1,564 fossil leaf specimens of this species, which provides the opportunity to circumscribe this new plant species. By erecting this new genus and species, we are able to describe ecological associations on <i>C. gettyi </i>and place these interactions within a taxonomic context<i>. </i>We describe an extensive archive of feeding damage on <i>C</i>.<i> gettyi</i> caused by herbivorous insects, including more than 800 occurrences of insect damage belonging to five functional feeding groups indicating that insect-mediated damage on this taxon is both rich and abundant. <i>Catula gettyi</i> is one of the best-sampled host plant taxa from the Mesozoic Era, a poorly sampled time interval, and its insect damage is comparable to other Lauraceae taxa from the younger Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Flora of North Dakota, USA.</p>
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