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48 results for “insect orders”
Linked collectors and determiners for: Collection of various insect orders, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Collection of various insect orders, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/4cfd80a7-d630-4d7f-89fb-d2d1e749a418">https://bionomia.net/dataset/4cfd80a7-d630-4d7f-89fb-d2d1e749a418</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/4cfd80a7-d630-4d7f-89fb-d2d1e749a418">https://gbif.org/dataset/4cfd80a7-d630-4d7f-89fb-d2d1e749a418</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: Out of the tropics: Macroevolutionary size trends in an old insect order are shaped by temperature and predators
<p>Global body size distributions are shaped by selection pressures arising from biotic and abiotic factors such as temperature, predation and parasitism. Here, we investigated the ecological and evolutionary drivers of global latitudinal size gradients in an old insect order (Odonata; dragonflies and damselflies). Phylogenetic comparative analyses revealed that global size variation of extant taxa is negatively influenced by both regional avian diversity and temperature. Interestingly, fossil data show that the relationship between wing size and latitude has shifted: latitudinal size trends had initially negative slopes but became shallower or positive following the emergence of birds 150 MYA. These changing size-latitude trends over geological time were likely driven by bird predation and high dispersal ability of large dragonflies. Our results therefore suggest that latitudinal size gradients were shaped by temperature but also by predators driving the dispersal of large-sized clades out of the tropics and in to the temperate zone.</p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Various insect orders, NEF.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Various insect orders, NEF". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/40126b48-3511-4fbb-aa79-7d039779c387">https://bionomia.net/dataset/40126b48-3511-4fbb-aa79-7d039779c387</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/40126b48-3511-4fbb-aa79-7d039779c387">https://gbif.org/dataset/40126b48-3511-4fbb-aa79-7d039779c387</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: Out of the tropics: Macroevolutionary size trends in an old insect order are shaped by temperature and predators
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Data from: The Odonate Phenotypic Database, a new open data resource for comparative studies of an old insect order
<p>We present The Odonate Phenotypic Database (OPD): an online data resource of dragonfly and damselfly phenotypes (Insecta: Odonata). Odonata is a relatively small insect order that currently consists of about 6400 species belonging to 32 families. The database consists of a variety of morphological, life-history and behavioral traits, and biogeographical information collected from literature sources. We see taxon-specific phenotypic databases from Odonata and other organismal groups as becoming an increasing valuable resource in comparative studies. Our database has phenotypic records for 1011 of all 6400 known odonate species. The database is accessible at <a href="http://www.odonatephenotypicdatabase.org/">http://www.odonatephenotypicdatabase.org/</a> and also uploaded as a supporting information file with this paper.</p> <p><strong>Update on November 6 2020</strong></p> <p>A total of 397 new taxa have been added to the database (aside from wing pigmentation data, many taxa have information on morphology, distribution and behaviour).</p> <p>Updated (validated) pigmentation status for 20 taxa (for these taxa, columns concerning wing pigment have been changed compared to the original opdb‐file, while all other columns have not been changed).</p>
Phylogenetic chart of the orders of insects, in The order of insects
<p>Phylogenetic chart of the orders of insects</p>
Data from: The Odonate Phenotypic Database, a new open data resource for comparative studies of an old insect order
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Data from: Body size evolution in an old insect order: no evidence for Cope's Rule in spite of fitness benefits of large size
We integrate field data and phylogenetic comparative analyses to investigate causes of body size evolution and stasis in an old insect order: odonates ("dragonflies and damselflies"). Fossil evidence for "Cope's Rule" in odonates is weak or non-existent since the last major extinction event 65 million years ago, yet selection studies show consistent positive selection for increased body size among adults. In particular, we find that large males in natural populations of the banded demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens) over several generations have consistent fitness benefits both in terms of survival and mating success. Additionally, there was no evidence for stabilizing or conflicting selection between fitness components within the adult life-stage. This lack of stabilizing selection during the adult life-stage was independently supported by a literature survey on different male and female fitness components from several odonate species. We did detect several significant body size shifts among extant taxa using comparative methods and a large new molecular phylogeny for odonates . We suggest that the lack of Cope's rule in odonates results from conflicting selection between fitness advantages of large adult size and costs of long larval development. We also discuss competing explanations for body size stasis in this insect group.
FIGURES 30–31. Temnocephala curvicirri. 30 in Trichoptera — the newest insect order host of temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) and the description of a new species of Temnocephala from Brazil
FIGURES 30–31. Temnocephala curvicirri. 30. Partial view of male and female reproductive systems, with cirrus (c) entering the distal portion of the vagina (dva), muscular, rounded middle portion of the vagina (mva), vesicula intermedia (vi), vesicula resorbens (vr). Scale bar = 100 µm. 31. Muscular, rounded middle portion of the vagina (mva), seen in higher magnification and vesicula intermedia (vi). Scale bar = 50 µm. FIGURES 32–34. Temnocephala caddisflyi n. sp. 32. Male terminal genitalia, cirrus (c), prostatic bulb (pb), and seminal vesicle (sv). Scale bar = 100 µm. 33. Partial view of the female reproductive system, showing the distal portion of the vagina (dva), the muscular, spheroid, middle portion of the vagina (mva), ovary (ov), and vesicula resorbens (vr). Scale bar = 100 µm. 34. DIC view of terminal portion of the cirrus (c), passing through the anterior portion (avs) and the posterior portion (pvs) of the vaginal sphincter, showing the moment of introduction of the forward portion of the dorsal retractor muscle (fprm) into the distal vagina (dva), and vesicula resorbens (vr). Scale bar = 50 µm.
FIGURES 24–29. Temnocephala caddisflyi n in Trichoptera — the newest insect order host of temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) and the description of a new species of Temnocephala from Brazil
FIGURES 24–29. Temnocephala caddisflyi n. sp., prostatic bulb and introvert observed in different focusing planes with DIC. 24. Prostatic bulb showing the orifice entering prostatic secretion (arrow), prostatic secretion (ps), prostatic cells (pc), and the prostatic vesicle (pv). Scale bar = 50 µm. 25. Prostatic bulb (pb) and seminal vesicle (sv) with the ejaculatory duct (ej) entering the prostatic bulb. Scale bar = 50 µm. 26–29. Distal portion of the introvert, showing the large spines and the shorter swelling portion seen in different focusing planes. Scale bars = 10 µm.
FIGURES 16–17. Temnocephala caddisflyi n in Trichoptera — the newest insect order host of temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) and the description of a new species of Temnocephala from Brazil
FIGURES 16–17. Temnocephala caddisflyi n. sp. (SEM). 16. Total body showing the posterior margin of the 'saddle-shaped', dorsolateral, 'excretory' syncytial plates (white arrows) and nephridiopores (white head arrows) (n). Scale bar = 200 µm. 17. Left, dorsolateral, 'excretory' syncytial plate (black head arrows) and the nephridiopore (white head arrow) (n). Scale bar = 20 µm.
FIGURES 9–10. Temnocephala caddisflyi n in Trichoptera — the newest insect order host of temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) and the description of a new species of Temnocephala from Brazil
FIGURES 9–10. Temnocephala caddisflyi n. sp. juvenile cleared in lactophenol. 9. Juvenile showing rhabditogenic glands (black head arrows); disc glands (black arrows); limit between rhabditogenic glands and disc glands (white arrows); two large disc glands (paranephrocytes?) (white head arrows). Scale bar = 100 µm. 10. Testicular region showing the introvert already formed (white head arrow). Scale bar = 100 µm.
FIGURES 1–2 in Trichoptera — the newest insect order host of temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) and the description of a new species of Temnocephala from Brazil
FIGURES 1–2. Diagram of the 'complex' cirrus and linear diagram of the 'complex' vagina. 1a. Entire cirrus (black head arrow indicates the limit between the shaft (s) and the introvert (i)); introvert angle (ia); shaft angle (sa). 1b. Higher magnification of the introvert: forward projecting retractor muscle (fprm); introvert inflation (ii); introvert-shaft limit (il); large spines (ls); retractor muscle (rm). 2. Female reproductive organs: ovary (ov); vitelline duct (vd); vesicula resorbens (vr); vesicula intermedia (vi); vagina proximal portion (pva); vagina middle portion (mva); vagina distal portion (dva); vaginal sphincter (vs).
FIGURES 3–5. Caddisfly larvae genus Baripenthus. 3 in Trichoptera — the newest insect order host of temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) and the description of a new species of Temnocephala from Brazil
FIGURES 3–5. Caddisfly larvae genus Baripenthus. 3. Larva inside the case. Scale bar = 5 mm. 4. Anterior portion of a larva removed from the case, showing the dorsal area of egg deposition. Scale bar = 1 mm. 5. Another specimen removed from the case, dorsal view, showing in higher magnification, a larger number of eggs. Scale bar = 500 µm.
FIGURES 18–20 in Trichoptera — the newest insect order host of temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) and the description of a new species of Temnocephala from Brazil
FIGURES 18–20. Cirrus of Temnocephala caddisflyi n. sp. from trichopterans, seen with Nomarski´s differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC). 18. Photomicrograph of the entire 'complex' cirrus, Scale bar = 100 µm. 19. Limit of the introvert portion with the shaft (black arrow), forward projecting dorsal retractor muscle (fprm), and ventral retractor muscle (rm). Scale bar = 50 µm. 20. Introvert´s swelling portion (ii) and the long spines which run along the inner wall, showing the rows of spines. Scale bar = 10 µm. FIGURES 21–23. Cirrus of Temnocephala curvicirri from belostomatid hemipterans, seen with DIC. 21. Entire 'complex' cirrus. Scale bar = 200 µm. 22. Limit of the introvert portion with the shaft (arrow), forward projecting dorsal retractor muscle (fprm), and ventral retractor muscle (rm). Scale bar = 50 µm. 23. Distal introvert´s swelling portion (ii), showing the rows of spines. Scale bar = 10 µm.
FIGURES 11–15. Temnocephala caddisflyi n in Trichoptera — the newest insect order host of temnocephalans (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalida) and the description of a new species of Temnocephala from Brazil
FIGURES 11–15. Temnocephala caddisflyi n. sp. 11. Incomplete diagram of juvenile specimen, dorsal view, showing rhabditogenic glands (rg), extending along the sides of intestinal sac, still uncovered by vitellaria, and ducts entering tentacles. Scale bar = 100 µm. 12. Incomplete diagram of the posterior region of a juvenile specimen, dorsal view, showing adhesive disc glands (dg), including the pair of larger glands (paranephrocytes?) between testes (ldg (p)). Scale bar = 100µm. 13. Incomplete diagram of an adult specimen showing adhesive disk (ad), anterior testes (at), excretory vesicle (ev), Haswell glands (hg), mouth (m), pharynx (ph), posterior testis (pt), vitelline glands (vg), and tentacles (t). Scale bar = 250 µm. 14. Female reproductive complex, showing anterior portion of the vaginal sphincter (avs), genital atrium (ga), posterior portion of the vaginal sphincter (pvs), vesicula resorbens (vr), ovary (ov), vagina proximal portion (pva), vagina middle portion (mva), vagina distal portion (dva), vesicula intermedia (vi), and vitelline duct (vd). Scale bar = 50 µm. 15. 'Complex' cirrus, showing shaft, introvert, and the path of movement that the dorsal retractor muscle is capable of doing (arrow), during the introduction in the vagina. Scale bar = 100 µm.
FIGURE 6 in How to inventory tropical flies (Diptera) — One of the megadiverse orders of insects
FIGURE 6. Some supplementary collecting methods utilized at Zurquí de Moravia, Costa Rica. A. Emergence trap over wet vegetation. B. Black light over tray with soapy water.
FIGURE 7 in How to inventory tropical flies (Diptera) — One of the megadiverse orders of insects
FIGURE 7. Some supplementary collecting methods utilized at Zurquí de Moravia, Costa Rica. A. bucket light trap (with Wendy Porras and Art Borkent). B. CDC light trap. C. Sweeping at the site (left to right, Marco Moraga, Annia Picado, Art Borkent).
FIGURE 2 in How to inventory tropical flies (Diptera) — One of the megadiverse orders of insects
FIGURE 2. Details of study site at Zurquí de Moravia, Costa Rica. A. Primary cloud forest with bordering pasture. B. Primary Malaise trap set on ridge indicated with black arrow; red arrow points to temporary black light set over pan with soapy water; large white mass in middle of photo was a piece of plastic garbage.
FIGURE 10. Sorting protocol after a in How to inventory tropical flies (Diptera) — One of the megadiverse orders of insects
FIGURE 10. Sorting protocol after a sample has been collected and databased (location, date, method of collection). Many families required further specific manipulation or arrangement, depending on the needs of the systematist (e.g. arrangement of parts on a microscope slide; size of pin or specific position on a pin). HMDS (hexamethyldisilazane) is a liquid used to dry insects through immersion and subsequent evaporation (Heraty & Hawks, 1998).
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