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59 results for “interactive composition”
Confocal Microscopy Visualizes Particle-Crack Interactions in Epoxy Composites with Optical Force Probe-Crosslinked Rubber Particles
<p>Data (*.csv and *.lif) corresponding to Figures 2-7 of the manuscript and Figures S1-S2 of the Supporting Information.</p>
3D Interactive Sudden Stratospheric Warming composite
<p>An interactive website using WebGL for 3D visualization. Shows a "generic" evolution of a Sudden Stratospheric Warming, as described in my latest paper (submitted, will be updated with reference).</p> <p>Shown is the zonal mean evolution of anomalous zonal wind (isosurfaces/contours) and anomalous Eliassen-Palm flux (arrows) as a function of latitude, time, and pressure.</p> <p>Created with ParaView and the pv_atmos package.</p> <p>Left Mouse Click: Rotate</p> <p>Right Mouse Click: Zoom</p> <p>Middle Mouse Click: Pan</p>
3D Interactive Generic Sudden Stratospheric Warming composite
<p>An interactive website using WebGL for 3D visualization. Shows a "generic" evolution of a Sudden Stratospheric Warming, as described in my latest paper (submitted, will be updated with reference).</p> <p>Shown is the zonal mean evolution of anomalous zonal wind (isosurfaces/contours) and anomalous Eliassen-Palm flux (arrows) as a function of latitude, time, and pressure.</p> <p>Created with ParaView and the pv_atmos package.</p> <p>Left Mouse Click: Rotate</p> <p>Right Mouse Click: Zoom</p> <p>Middle Mouse Click: Pan</p>
Food web rewiring drives long-term compositional differences and late-disturbance interactions at the community level
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Ecological communities are constantly exposed to multiple natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Multivariate composition (if recovered) has been found to need significantly more time to be regained after pulsed disturbance compared to univariate diversity metrics and functional endpoints. However, the mechanisms driving the different recovery times of communities to single and multiple disturbances remain unexplored. Here, we apply for the first time quantitative ecological network analyses to try to elucidate the mechanisms driving long-term community composition dissimilarity and late-stage disturbance interactions at the community level. For this, we evaluate the effects of two pesticides, nutrients enrichment and their interactions in outdoor mesocosms containing a complex freshwater community. We found changes in interactions strength to be strongly related to compositional changes and identified post-disturbance interaction strength rewiring to be responsible for most of the observed compositional changes. Additionally, we found pesticides interactions to be significant in the long term only when both interactions strength and food web architecture are reshaped by the disturbances. We suggest that quantitative network analysis has the potential to unveil ecological processes that prevent long-term community recovery.</p> <p><strong>Significance Statement</strong></p> <p>Multiple anthropogenic disturbances affect the structure and functioning of communities. Recent evidence highlighted that, after pulse disturbance, the functioning a community performs may be recovered fast due to functional redundancy, whereas community multivariate composition needs longer time. Yet, the mechanisms that drive the different community recovery times have not been quantified empirically. We use quantitative food web analysis to assess the influence of species interactions on community recovery. We found species interactions strength to be the main mechanism driving differences between structural and functional recovery. Additionally, we show that interactions between multiple disturbances appear in the long term only when both species interaction strength and food web architecture change significantly.</p> <p>Please see the "readme" sheet in the datafile for a description of the file structure and treatments abreviations.</p>
Figure 1 in Interaction between biological aspects of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and some chemical composition in two colored Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Arg. (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) leaves
Figure 1. Graph of Pearson's correlation analysis among the different studied leaf parameters including the chemical analysis of Acalypha leaves and the T. urticae female characteristics. The colors represent variations in the obtained data. * indicates the significant at P-value <0.05.
A precipitation gradient drives change in macroinvertebrate composition and interactions within bromeliads.
<p>Tank bromeliads accumulate water inside their leaf axils, providing habitat for communities of aquatic macro invertebrates. Here we sampled the macro invertebrate community in 100 bromeliads along the sand dunes of coastal Brazil in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. We sampled ten sites, seven of which were within the Jurubatiba National Park in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The other three sites were located in the sand dunes of Arraial do Cabo (Rio de Janeiro), Marica (Rio de Janeiro), and Ilha Bela (Sao Paulo).</p> <p>We sampled all macroinvertebrate communities between March and May 2015. In each site, we dissected ten bromeliads (totalling 100 bromeliads across all sites) to collect all the invertebrates in each plant. Macroinvertebrates were counted and identified to genus level whenever possible. For every bromeliad, we measured a suite of environmental variables to assess the amount and quality of habitat available to the invertebrates including: the height (cm) and diameter (cm, measured as the maximum distance between leaf tips) of the plant, maximum water volume (mL, calculated by emptying the plant and calculating how much water the plant could hold before it overflowed), actual water volume (mL), longest leaf length (cm), longest leaf width (cm), number of leaves, canopy cover (% of shaded pixels in photos taken looking directly up from the bromeliad), total detritus (g dry mass), pH, oxygen concentration (% saturation), salinity (ppt), temperature (oC), and turbidity (NTU). Water chemistry and temperature variables were measured using a portable multiparameter waterproof meter in the field as soon as the water was collected from the plant.</p> <p>The zip file contains two csv files. Environment contains all the environmental variables described above, and Species_presence contains the species ID and whether it is present in a given bromeliad. </p> <p> </p>
Fig. 3 in Composite Phymatoderma from Neogene deep-marine deposits in Japan: Implications for Phanerozoic benthic interactions between burrows and the trace-makers of Chondrites and Phycosiphon
Fig. 3. Composite Phymatoderma burrows from the Shiramazu Formation, Hiraiso section, Chiba Prefecture, central Japan. A, B. Phymatoderma reworked by Chondrites. Phymatoderma tunnels with dark gray-colored scoriaceous infill reworked by white-colored Chondrites (arrows). C, D. Phymatoderma reworked by Phycosiphon. Even within the pelletal infill of Phymatoderma, cores (white arrows) and surrounding mantles (black arrows) of Phycosiphon are sometimes clearly recognized (C). Field photos; A, B, parallel to the bedding plane; C, obliquely cut vertical cross-sectional view; D, vertical cross-sectional view. Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 4 in Composite Phymatoderma from Neogene deep-marine deposits in Japan: Implications for Phanerozoic benthic interactions between burrows and the trace-makers of Chondrites and Phycosiphon
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram showing the measured parameters. DCh, burrow diameter of Chondrites; DPc, burrow (i.e., central core) diameter of Phycosiphon; DPm, burrow diameter of Phymatoderma; PWmax, maximum pellet width; X and Y are the numbers of measured specimens, X ranges from 4–10, Y from 2–37.
Fig. 6 in Composite Phymatoderma from Neogene deep-marine deposits in Japan: Implications for Phanerozoic benthic interactions between burrows and the trace-makers of Chondrites and Phycosiphon
Fig. 6. Scatter plots showing the relationships between Phymatoderma burrow diameter and its maximum pellet width (black plot) and reworking trace-fossil diameter. A. Chondrites. B. Phycosiphon. Note that diameters of both ichnogenera that reworked Phymatoderma tunnels are within the size-range of them occurring in the host siltstone (shade), although pellet width increases with increasing Phymatoderma burrow diameter. D Ch, burrow diameter of Chondrites; D Pc, burrow (i.e., central core) diameter of Phycosiphon; D Pm, burrow diameter of Phymatoderma; PW max, maximum pellet width; n, number of measured burrows.
Fig. 5 in Composite Phymatoderma from Neogene deep-marine deposits in Japan: Implications for Phanerozoic benthic interactions between burrows and the trace-makers of Chondrites and Phycosiphon
Fig. 5. Size distributions of Phymatoderma from the Shiramazu Formation. A. Non-reworked Phymatoderma. B. Phymatoderma reworked by Chondrites. C. Phymatoderma reworked by Phycosiphon. D. Comparison of burrow diameter between non-reworked Phymatoderma, and tunnels reworked by Chondrites and Phycosiphon. Note that Phymatoderma reworked by Phycosiphon has significantly larger size. n, number of measured burrows.
Implementation of biotic interactions in niche analyses unravels the patterns underneath community composition in clownfishes
<p><span>Biotic interactions are key to understanding the ecology of species and communities. As such, integrating biotic interactions into ecological niche modelling methods has been a central topic of research for the last decade. Yet, the role of biotic interactions remains overlooked. Mutualistic systems constitute perfect study cases for analysing the effect of biotic interactions on species niches and</span><span> comm</span><span>unities' </span><span>composition. Using the clownfish-sea anemone interaction, we integrate mutualistic interactions into a niche quantification framework to analyse the effect of biotic interactions in the estimation of species niches, and competition patterns among clownfish communities. Our results show that ignoring biotic interactions can strongly affect species' ecological niche estimations. More importantly, sea anemones seem to mediate competition among clownfishes, structure communities and allow coexistence in competitive environments. These findings strongly support the importance of biotic interactions in shaping communities. Future studies could use the proposed analytical framework, which could also serve multiple conservation purposes.</span></p>
Data from: Genotype-by-environment interactions influence the composition of the Drosophila seminal proteome
<p>Ejaculate proteins are key mediators of post-mating sexual selection and sexual conflict, as they can influence both male fertilization success and female reproductive physiology. However, the extent and sources of genetic variation and condition dependence of the ejaculate proteome are largely unknown. Such knowledge could reveal the targets and mechanisms of post-mating selection and inform about the relative costs and allocation of different ejaculate components, each with its own potential fitness consequences. Here, we used liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to characterize the whole-ejaculate protein composition across twelve isogenic lines of Drosophila melanogaster that were reared on a high- or low-quality diet. We discovered new proteins in the transferred ejaculate and inferred their origin in the male reproductive system. We further found that the ejaculate composition was mainly determined by genotype identity and genotype-specific responses to larval diet, with no clear overall diet effect. Nutrient restriction increased proteolytic protein activity and shifted the balance between reproductive function and RNA metabolism. Our results open new avenues for exploring the intricate role of genotypes and their environment in shaping ejaculate composition, or for studying the functional dynamics and evolutionary potential of the ejaculate in its multivariate complexity.</p>
Integrating biotic interactions in niche analyses unravels patterns of community composition in clownfishes
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Data from: Genotype-by-environment interactions influence the composition of the Drosophila seminal proteome
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Data from: Interactions between seed-dispersing ant species affect plant community composition in field mesocosms
<p>1. In generalized mutualisms, species vary in the quality of services they provide to their partners directly via traits that affect partner fitness and indirectly via traits that influence interactions with mutualist species that play similar functional roles. Myrmecochory, or seed dispersal by ants, is a generalized mutualism with ant species varying in the quality of dispersal services they provide to their plant partners. Variation in ant species identity can directly impact seed dispersal patterns and plant community composition; however, we know less about how interactions among seed-dispersing ant species indirectly influence plant partners.</p> <p>2. The invasive ant, <i>Myrmica rubra,</i> is a high-quality seed-disperser in its native range and interacts with myrmecochores (ant-dispersed plants) and the high-quality seed disperser <i>Aphaenogaster </i>sp. in its invaded range. We use this system to examine how interactions between two functionally similar mutualist ant species influence the recruitment and community composition of ant-dispersed plants.</p> <p>3. We performed a field mesocosm experiment and a lab behavioral experiment to compare discovery and dominance behaviors between ant species, and seed dispersal and seedling recruitment of four myrmecochore species among intraspecific interaction treatments of each ant species and an interspecific interaction treatment.</p> <p>4. We found that <i>M. rubra</i> was better at discovering and dispersing seeds, but that <i>Aphaenogaster</i> sp. was dominantly aggressive over <i>M. rubra</i>. Interspecific interactions dampened seed dispersal relative to dispersal by the better disperser. Despite this dampening, we found no effect of interspecific interaction on seedling recruitment. However, community composition of seedlings in the interspecific interaction treatment was more similar to composition in the aggressively dominant ant (<i>Aphaenogaster </i>sp.) treatment than in the better discoverer ant (<i>M. rubra</i>) treatment.</p> <p>5. We show that interspecific interaction between mutualist species in the same functional guild affects the outcome of mutualistic interactions with partner species. Despite the native ant dispersing fewer seeds, its dominance over the subordinate (invasive) ant has the potential to allow for some level of biotic resistance against the effects of M. rubra on plant communities when these species co-exist.</p>
Data from: Landscape composition, configuration, and trophic interactions shape arthropod communities in rice agroecosystems
<p>1. Increasing landscape heterogeneity of agroecosystems can enhance natural enemy populations and promote biological control. However, little is known about the multi-scale effects of landscape heterogeneity on arthropod communities in rice agroecosystems, especially in combination with trophic interactions. 2. We examined for the first time how landscape heterogeneity, measured by four independent metrics of landscape composition and configuration at three spatial scales, affected species abundance and species richness of rice arthropods within four functional groups and the abundance of the most common species at 28 sites in the Philippines. We additionally examined the influence of trophic interactions among these functional groups. 3. We found that both the compositional and configurational landscape heterogeneity in combination with trophic interactions determine the structure of rice-arthropod communities. Herbivore abundance decreased with increasing landscape diversity. The abundance of parasitoids and species richness of both parasitoids and predators increased with the structural connectivity of rice bunds. Fragmentation of the rice landscape had a clear negative effect on most arthropod groups, with the exception of highly mobile predatory arthropods. Abundance of common predators and detritivore species decreased with increasing complexity in the shape of rice patches. 4. Trophic interactions, measured as the abundance of prey, outweighed the importance of landscape heterogeneity for predators. In contrast, parasitoids responded positively to configurational landscape heterogeneity but were unaffected by prey abundance. 5. Synthesis and applications. Landscape heterogeneity and trophic interactions had different effects on different functional groups. While predator abundance was solely driven by the availability of prey, all other functional groups in the rice-arthropod community were significantly affected by the composition and configuration of surrounding landscape features. Landscape management aiming to improve biodiversity and biological pest control in rice agroecosystems should promote a diversity of land uses and habitat types within 100–300 m radii to reduce the presence of pests. Management practices should also focus on maintaining smaller rice patches and the structural connectivity of rice bunds to enhance populations of the natural enemies of rice pests. Future research should focus on the temporal and spatial manipulation of rice fields to maximize the effects of biological control.</p>
Data from: Influences of species interactions with aggressive ants and habitat filtering on nest colonization and community composition of arboreal twig-nesting ants
Ant community assembly is driven by many factors including species interactions (e.g. competition, predation, parasitism), habitat filtering (e.g. vegetation differences, food and nesting resources), and dispersal. Canopy ant communities, including dominant and twig-nesting ants, are structured by all these different factors, but we know less about the impacts of species interactions and habitat filters acting at the colonization or recruitment stage. We examined occupation of artificial twig nests placed in shade trees in coffee agroecosystems. We asked whether species interactions -- aggression from the dominant canopy ant, Azteca sericeasur (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) -- or habitat filtering -- species of tree where nests were placed, tree size, or surrounding vegetation -- influence colonization, species richness, and community composition of twig-nesting ants. We found 20 species of ants occupying artificial nests. Nest occupation was lower on trees with A. sericeasur, but did not differ depending on tree species or surrounding vegetation. Yet, there were species-specific differences in occupation depending on A. sericeasur presence and tree species. Ant species richness did not vary with A. sericeasur presence or tree species. Community composition varied with A. sericeasur presence, tree height, and surrounding vegetation. Our results suggest that species interactions with dominant ants are important determinants of colonization and community composition of twig-nesting ants. Habitat filtering by tree species did not affect twig-nesting ants, but changes in tree size or coffee management may contribute to differences in community composition with important implications for ant conservation in agricultural landscapes, as well as biological control of coffee pests.
Data from: The interacting influences of competition, composition, and diversity determine successional community change
<p>Community change is one of the few constants in nature, and the balance of mechanisms influencing this change is central to understanding the structure and functioning of communities and ecosystems. Newly established communities undergo succession and can change in diversity and composition as local environmental change, interspecific interactions, and immigration play out over time. Understanding the influence of initial conditions and priority effects (long-term consequences of the initial community composition and species identity) on community change is critically important for both evaluating ecological theory and predicting restoration outcomes. </p> <p>Here I evaluate how initial experimental conditions in 2012, such as initial sown species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and early biomass production, along with priority effects caused by the identity of sown species, influence subsequent plant community composition and the number of colonizing species after nine years of uninterrupted natural colonization. </p> <p>I found that sown phylogenetic diversity (measured as mean pairwise distance) indirectly affected the number of colonizing species by increasing biomass production early on and plots with more biomass in 2012 were colonized by fewer species. Individual species influenced the number of colonizing species with taller species reducing the number of colonists and some shorter species increasing the number of colonists. </p> <p><em><strong>Synthesis</strong></em>: Taken together, these results indicate that initial composition influences the number of colonizing species via community-wide competition. These findings suggest that restoration outcomes can be greatly influenced by decisions about sown species composition and early management practices.</p>
Soundscapes and airborne laser scanning identify vegetation density and its interaction with elevation as main driver of bird diversity and community composition
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Data from: Interactive effects of temperature acclimation and dietary fatty acids on metabolic rate and body composition of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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