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11 results for “intraguild interaction”
Intraguild interactions and abiotic conditions mediate occupancy of mammalian carnivores: co-occurrence of coyotes-fishers-martens
<p>The widespread eradication of large carnivores and subsequent expansion of top mesopredators have the potential to impact species and community interactions with ecosystem-wide implications. An example of these trophic dynamics is the widespread establishment of coyotes following the extirpation of wolves and mountain lions in eastern North America. Here, we examined the occupancy of three carnivores in northern New York considering both environmental/habitat factors and interspecific interactions. We estimated the co-occurrence of coyotes, fishers, and martens from a landscape-scale winter camera trap survey repeatedly annually for three years. Martens occurred independently of both coyotes and fishers, while fishers and coyotes displayed positive intraguild interactions that were constant across the landscape. Both marten and fisher first-order occupancy was driven by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors, with both species displaying positive associations with forest cover but antithetical responses to average snow depth. The integral and antithetical role of snow depth in driving the occurrence of martens (positive) and fishers (negative) in the landscape indicates that future climatic warming could reduce the availability of current spatial refuges for martens created by severe winter conditions. Climate-driven alterations to established competitive interactions and co-existence patterns between marten and fishers have critical implications for the species' survival and conservation. We provide correlational evidence consistent with the potential for positive top-down effects of dominant mesocarnivores on subordinate species, with fisher occupancy increasing conditional on the presence of coyotes across the landscape. These findings align with the hypothesis that under certain conditions, coyotes may facilitate certain subordinate carnivores. The evidence produced here is consistent with hypotheses on the dynamic nature of trophic niches. We demonstrate the need to consider the interplay between climate, habitat, and interspecific interactions to understand wildlife occupancy patterns and inform wildlife management in a rapidly changing world.</p>
Figure 3 in Predatory capacity and intraguild interaction between aphidophagous predators in the control of rose bush aphids
Figure 3 Time spent by Hippodamia convergens (Coccinellidae) in each behavioral category evaluated in the presence and absence of prey and another predator (Chrysoperla externa – Chrysopidae), during 60 minutes. Temperature of 25±1°C, relative humidity of 70±10% and 12-hour photophase. Average time (%) followed by the same letters do not differ from each other by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's Test p<0.05.
Figure 2 in Predatory capacity and intraguild interaction between aphidophagous predators in the control of rose bush aphids
Figure 2 Time spent by Chrysoperla externa (Chrysopidae) in each behavioral category evaluated in the presence and absence of prey and another predator (Hippodamia convergens– Coccinellidae),during 60 minutes.Temperature of 25±1°C, relative humidity of 70±10% and 12-hour photophase. Average time (%) followed by the same letters do not differ from each other by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's Test p<0.05
Figure 1 in Predatory capacity and intraguild interaction between aphidophagous predators in the control of rose bush aphids
Figure 1 Survival rate of predators Chrysoperla externa (Chrysopidae) andHippodamia convergens (Coccinellidae) in the presence and absence of Rhodobium posorum and Macrosiphum rosae (Aphididae). Temperature of 25±1°C, relative humidity of 70±10% and 12-hour photophase.
Intraguild interactions and abiotic conditions mediate occupancy of mammalian carnivores: co-occurrence of coyotes-fishers-martens
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Data from: Abiotic conditions mediate intraguild interactions between mammalian carnivores
1. Intraguild (IG) interactions are common among mammalian carnivores, can include intraguild predation (IGP) and interspecific killing (IK), and are often asymmetrical, where a larger more dominant species (IGpredator) kills a smaller one (IGprey). According to ecological theory, the potential for a IGpredator and IGprey to coexist depends on whether the direct consumptive benefits for the IGpredator are substantial (IGP) or insignificant (IK), the extent to which the IGprey is the superior exploitative competitor on shared prey resources, and overall ecosystem productivity. 2. We used resource selection models and spatially-explicit age and harvest data for two closely related mesopredators that engage in IG interactions, American martens (Martes americana; IGprey) and fishers (Pekania pennanti; IGpredator), to identify drivers of distributions, delineate areas of sympatry and allopatry, and explore the role of an apex predator (coyote; Canis latrans) on these interactions. 3. Model selection revealed that fisher use of this landscape was strongly influenced by late winter abiotic conditions, but other bottom-up (forest composition) and top-down (coyote abundance) factors also influenced their distribution. Overall, fisher probability of use was higher where late winter temperatures were warmer, snowpack was deeper, and measures of productivity were greater. Martens were constrained to areas of the landscape where the probability of fisher use, coyote abundance, and productivity were low and selected for forest conditions that presumably maximized prey availability. Marten age data indicated an increased proportion of juveniles outside of the predicted area of sympatry, suggesting that few animals survived >1.5 years in this area that supported higher densities of fishers. 4. Consistent with asymmetrical IG interaction theory, the IGpredator (fishers and, to a lesser degree, coyotes) competitively excluded the IGprey (martens) from highly productive, milder temperature habitats, whereas IGpredators and IGprey coexisted in low productivity environments, where a combination of abiotic and biotic conditions enabled the IGprey to be the superior exploitative competitor.
Seabirds mediate intraguild and competitive interactions in a shark community dataset
<p>R scripts with corresponding data sheets to run network, residency and temporal analyses. </p>
Data from: Abiotic conditions mediate intraguild interactions between mammalian carnivores
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Data from: Trophic omnivory across a productivity gradient: intraguild predation theory and the structure and strength of species interactions
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Interaction between hunting strategy, habitat type and stratum drive intraguild predation and cannibalism
Intraguild predation (IGP) is a common interaction between generalist predators when they competitively exploit similar resources and prey on each other. Theoretical models predict limitations for intraguild predator coexistence unless some mechanisms, such as utilization of alternative prey (i.e., trophic niche partitioning) and cannibalism, increase the relative intraspecific clustering and interspecific segregation. As hunting strategies determine trophic niches of predators and their own vulnerability to predation, the hunting strategies may also determine the relative importance of cannibalism, predation, and exploitative competition and consequently the intensity of IGP. The importance of hunting strategies on the potential outcome of IGP and how habitat properties modify the interaction between hunting strategies remain poorly understood. Using published data on spider prey of spider predators, we first investigated how predation of a top-predator on a mesopredator is determined by the functional distance between both predators to understand how predation and exploitation are distributed in spider communities. Subsequently, we investigated the predation among spiders with particular hunting strategies to understand which strategies interact most frequently. We also investigated whether the interaction between hunting strategies was influenced by habitat type (forest, open (semi)natural habitat, agroecosystem) or by habitat stratum (ground vs. vegetation). The hunting strategies of top-predators and mesopredators interacted to determine the relative capture proportions of conspecifics and hetero-specifics. This interaction was further modified by habitat type and stratum. Two mechanisms can reinforce coexistence in highly diverse spider communities. First, top-predators preyed most frequently on functionally distinct mesopredators, which indicates the overall intensity of IGP may be relaxed by a balanced distribution between exploitative competition and predation. Second, cannibalism was common for top-predators with a hunting strategy of frequently preying on functionally similar mesopredators. Cannibalism may lead to self-limitation of top-predator populations and may thereby facilitate coexistence between two predator species.
Interaction between hunting strategy, habitat type and stratum drive intraguild predation and cannibalism
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