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16 results for “island biogeography theory”
Data from: ETIB-T: An aquilibrium theory of island biogeography for plant traits
<p><span>This dataset holds information on community mean seed mass, plant height and leaf area of 156 species and their occurrences on 15 islands ranging in size from </span><span>164 m2 - 19 km2. The islands are located </span><span>in Western Australia off Perth. Further, the dataset provides information on island coordinates, size, isolation and elevation. </span><span>The islands were sampled four times within four decades.</span> The data can be used to investigate spatial and temporal turnover dynamics on islands.</p>
Saprotrophic fungal diversity predicts ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity along the timberline in the framework of island biogeography theory
<p></p><p>In the context of a timberline tree species (Betula ermanii) as "virtual island", we surveyed ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal diversity along a 430-m vertical gradient on the top of Changbai Mountain, China, sampling fine roots and neighboring soils of B. ermanii. Besides elevation, soil properties and plant functional traits, endophytic and saprotrophic fungal diversity were assessed as candidate predictors to construct integrative models. EcM fungal diversity decreased with increasing elevation, and exhibited positive diversity to diameter at breast height and negative diversity to distance from forest edge relationships in both roots and soils. Integrative models further showed that saprotrophic fungal diversity was the strongest predictor of EcM fungal diversity, directly enhancing EcM fungal diversity in roots and soils. All the metadata were stored here for use.</p><p></p>
Data for: Contemporizing island biogeography theory with anthropogenic drivers of species richness
<p>Aim: Island biogeography theory states that species richness increases with habitat diversity and decreases with isolation from source pools. However, ecological theory must incorporate effects of human activity to explain contemporary patterns of biodiversity. We contemporized island biogeography theory by conceptualizing island trajectories of how species richness changes over time with accelerating land development and economic trade, which increase extinction and immigration rates, respectively. With this contemporized theory, we then articulate and empirically assess expected relationships of native, introduced, and total species richness with natural and anthropogenic metrics of habitat diversity and isolation from source pools.</p> <p>Location: Greater Caribbean region.</p> <p>Time period: Database finalized in 2020.</p> <p>Methods: We built a database of 1075 native and introduced reptiles and amphibians (herps) for 840 Caribbean islands. For each island, we calculated natural and anthropogenic metrics of island habitat diversity and isolation from source pools and used linear model averaging to assess the expected relationships under the contemporized theory for 15 major herp clades.</p> <p>Results: Natural habitat diversity metrics exhibited positive relationships with native and introduced species richness, strengthening total species richness–area relationships across herp clades. Geographic isolation exhibited negative relationships with native and positive relationships with introduced species richness, weakening total species richness–isolation relationships. Economic area, based on developed land, and economic isolation, based on maritime trade, exhibited negative relationships with native species richness, but positive and negative relationships, respectively, with introduced species richness. Total species richness relationships with these two anthropogenic metrics were strongest in clades with many introduced species.</p> <p>Main conclusion: A contemporized island biogeographic theory that includes the effects of land development and economic trade on species extinction and immigration explained current Caribbean herp species richness patterns. As human activity continues to accelerate, the contemporized theory we articulate here will increasingly predict island biogeography of the Anthropocene.</p>
Saprotrophic fungal diversity predicts ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity along the timberline in the framework of island biogeography theory
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Data from: ETIB-T: An aquilibrium theory of island biogeography for plant traits
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Data for: Contemporizing island biogeography theory with anthropogenic drivers of species richness
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Data from: The theory of island biogeography, the sample-area effect, and the habitat diversity hypothesis: complementarity in a naturally fragmented landscape of lake islands
Aim: Investigate relationships between fragmentation and species diversity in the context of the theory of island biogeography, sample-area effect, and habitat diversity hypothesis. Location: Lake of the Woods, Canada. Taxon: Vascular plants Methods: Vascular plant species diversity was inventoried on 30 islands, organized into two island sets. Each island set contained four size classes that varied in degree of fragmentation while controlling for the sample-area effect (small island set: 8×0.1-ha, 4×0.2-ha, 2×0.4-ha, and 1×0.8-ha islands; large island set: identical pattern utilizing 1.0-ha to 8.0-ha islands). Fragmentation effects were then examined using SLOSS-based analyses, addressing whether single large or several small islands contained more species: (1) direct comparisons of species and habitat richness across size classes; (2) extrapolations of species-area relationships; and (3) analyses of species and habitat accumulation curves. Multigroup path analysis was next used to quantify effects of habitat diversity, island area, and isolation on species richness for both island sets. Finally, pairwise and multiple-site dissimilarity was estimated for both species and habitats across 0.1-ha and 1.0-ha islands to investigate whether: (1) variation in species composition was related to habitat composition; and (2) species dissimilarity increased with inter-island distance. Results: SLOSS-based analyses indicated that several small islands contained more species than single large islands in both island sets. This pattern was also observed for habitats, but only in the small islands set. Path analysis suggested that island area had significant direct and indirect effects (mediated by habitat diversity) on species richness. Habitat diversity and island isolation had significant positive and negative effects on species richness, respectively, independent of island area. Species and habitat dissimilarities were significantly related across 0.1-ha but not 1.0-ha islands, and showed no relationship to inter-island distance. Main Conclusions: The overall positive relationship between fragmentation and species richness may be attributed to greater habitat diversity and increased species dissimilarity across smaller islands relative to larger islands. However, negative isolation effects indicate that landscape configuration is still an important conservation consideration. These results each align with different predictions of the theory of island biogeography, sample-area effect, and habitat diversity hypothesis, questioning the exclusivity of these theoretical frameworks.
Data from: The theory of island biogeography, the sample-area effect, and the habitat diversity hypothesis: complementarity in a naturally fragmented landscape of lake islands
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Island biogeography theory and the urban landscape: stopover site selection by the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)
<p>Many migratory bats require forested sites for roosting and foraging along their migration path, but increased urbanization and intensive agricultural practices may reduce the availability of stopover sites. Urban forests may provide important stopover habitat, maintaining landscape connectivity in regions where the majority of natural habitat has been cleared for development. Island biogeography theory can be applied to urbanized temperate forest biomes where small urban forests represent islands separated from the larger "mainland" forest. We used acoustic monitoring during the fall migration period to investigate the use of urban forest habitat by the migratory species <i>Lasionycteris noctivagans</i> (Le Conte 1831)<i>.</i> We predicted that recorded activity would have a positive relationship with forest patch area and shape and a negative relationship with isolation from other forest patches, as suggested by island biogeography theory. We observed greater activity at larger forest patches, and although relationships for shape and isolation were not statistically supported the observed patterns were consistent with predictions. Our results demonstrate the need for more in-depth research on the habitat requirements for both migratory and resident bat species and the impact that ongoing urbanization has on local bat populations.</p>
Data from: Do endemic mushrooms on oceanic islands and archipelagos support the theory of island biogeography?
<p class="MsoNormal">Terrestrial plant species on islands have a long history of study to determine how they evolved and what explains their levels of endemicity, but studies on fungi are lacking. Here, we examine: 1) how percent endemism of non-lichenized class Agaricomycetes; hereafter, "mushrooms" compares to angiosperms, ferns, bryophytes, and lichens from oceanic islands/archipelagos; 2) whether endemic mushrooms evolved from an ancestor diversifying into multiple species after island colonization (cladogenesis) or over time evolved into a single endemic species unique from its ancestral mainland counterpart (anagenesis); and 3) if mushroom percent endemism and cladogenesis are correlated to geographic variables that help explain these phenomena in other <span>species </span>groups.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Checklists of mushrooms and other species groups from seven oceanic islands/archipelagos were compared. Having multiple endemic congeners from a single island/archipelago was used to infer cladogenesis versus anagenesis in endemic mushrooms. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between an island/archipelago's percent endemism and percent cladogenesis, and their distance to the nearest mainland, area, maximum elevation, and latitude from the equator.</p> <p>These data contain information on mushrooms, angiosperms, ferns, bryophytes, and lichens from the Hawaiian Islands, Galápagos, Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Cabo Verde, and Christmas Island.</p>
Data from: A test of trophic and functional island biogeography theory with the avifauna of a continental archipelago
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Island biogeography theory and the urban landscape: stopover site selection by the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)
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Data from: Do endemic mushrooms on oceanic islands and archipelagos support the theory of island biogeography?
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Data from: The theory of island biogeography and soundscapes: species diversity and the organization of acoustic communities
Aim: On islands, species richness is reduced and interspecific competition relaxed in relation to the mainland, allowing species to use broader ecological niches. These factors are known to affect diet and morphology, but can also affect communication and acoustic signaling in particular. However, no study has ever compared insular and continental soundscapes to determine to which extent islands present reduced acoustic richness (number of co-vocalizing species) and fewer constraints for vocalizing species. Location: São Tomé Island, Mount Cameroon, Madeira Island, Southern France Taxon: Birds Methods: We compared two pairs of insular and continental soundscapes: one in a temperate zone, the other in the tropics. We recorded sounds produced in similar types of primary forests and measured acoustic richness and ambient noise profiles. We then assessed acoustic niche organization by computing, for each community, species turnover, temporal and frequency overlaps, and acoustic avoidance. Results: We found fewer species co-vocalizing on islands compared to mainland and in temperate compared to tropical region. Ambient noise was louder in the tropics and occupied a wider frequency range, especially on the mainland, thereby revealing a reduction in available acoustic space for tropical mainland birds. In this more crowded and noisy soundscape, species presented a higher acoustic turnover, overlapped less in time and in frequency with each other and acoustically avoided each other more when compared to the three other communities. Main conclusions: Soundscapes differed and imposed fewer constraints on vocalizing species along the species diversity gradient from tropical mainland to temperate island. Acoustic niche partitioning increased with species richness and was associated with increased levels of acoustic interference. Results set a scene for an effect of relaxed competition on song evolution on islands, especially in the tropics.
Data from: The theory of island biogeography and soundscapes: species diversity and the organization of acoustic communities
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Data from: A theory of island biogeography for exotic species
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